Web\u8f9e\u66f8\u3067\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u76f4\u89d2\u3068\u304b\u76f4\u4ea4\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u304c1\u756a\u57fa\u672c\u3068\u306a\u308b\u610f\u5473\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uff12\u756a\u76ee\u306b\u6570\u5b66\u3067\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001<\/p>\n\n\n\n
a.\u3000\u30b9\u30ab\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306e\u7a4d\u304c\u30bc\u30ed\u306b\u306a\u308b\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb<\/p>\n\n\n\n
b.\u3000\u7a4d\u304c\u30bc\u30ed\u306b\u306a\u308b\u95a2\u6570<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3075\u3046\u306b\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3053\u308c\u3092\u8e0f\u307e\u3048\u3066\u3001orthogonal contrast \u3068\u306f\u4f55\u304b\u3092\u8003\u3048\u3066\u307f\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u76f4\u4ea4\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3092\u50be\u5411\u6027\u306e\u691c\u5b9a\u306e\u89b3\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u8003\u3048\u308b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u5316\u6bd4\u8f03\u8a66\u9a13\u306e\uff13\u7fa4\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9593\u306e\u50be\u5411\u6027\u306e\u691c\u5b9a\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3053\u306e\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u8a08\u7b97\u53ca\u3073\u50be\u5411\u6027\u306e\u691c\u5b9a\u306b\u76f4\u4ea4\u5bfe\u6bd4\u304c\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\u66f8\u7c4d\u306f\u3053\u3061\u3089\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
![\"\u65b0\u7248](\"https:\/\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/I\/4186QT-wWkL._SL500_.jpg\" "\\"\u65b0\u7248")
<\/a>\n\u65b0\u7248 \u7121\u4f5c\u70ba\u5316\u6bd4\u8f03\u8a66\u9a13 \u2015\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u3068\u7d71\u8a08\u89e3\u6790\u2015 (\u533b\u5b66\u7d71\u8a08\u5b66\u30b7\u30ea\u30fc\u30ba5)<\/a><\/p>\n Amazon<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n \u50be\u5411\u6027\u306e\u691c\u5b9a\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf $ \\hat{\\theta} $ \u3068\u5bfe\u6bd4\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u6210\u5206 c \u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u4fc2\u6570\u306e\u6709\u610f\u6027\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u3068\u5bfe\u6bd4\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u4fc2\u6570 r \u306f\u3001\u6dfb\u3048\u5b57\u7b49\u3092\u7701\u7565\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8868\u305b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n $$ r = \\frac{\\sum {(\\hat{\\theta} – \\bar{\\theta}) (c – \\bar{c})}}{\\sqrt{\\sum {(\\hat{\\theta} – \\bar{\\theta})^2} \\sum (c – \\bar{c})^2}} $$ <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \u5bfe\u6bd4\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u5b9a\u6570\u3092\u52a0\u6e1b\u4e57\u9664\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u76f8\u95a2\u4fc2\u6570\u306f\u4e0d\u5909\u3067\u3042\u308b\u6027\u8cea\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3001$ \\sum c = 0 $, $ \\bar{c} = 0 $ \u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u4e0a\u8a18\u306e\u5f0f\u306e\u5206\u5b50\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n $$ \u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001K \u306f\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u6570\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u639b\u3051\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u5408\u8a08\u3059\u308b\u3068\u30bc\u30ed\u3068\u306a\u308b\u306a\u3089\u3001$ \\hat{\\theta} $ \u306f\u540c\u3058\u5024\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3068\u7406\u5c48\u306b\u5408\u308f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u3069\u306e\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u306e $ \\hat{\\theta} $ \u3082 \u540c\u3058\uff11\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306a\u3089\u3070\u3001\u5bfe\u6bd4\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3068\u5185\u7a4d\u3092\u3068\u308b\u3068\u30bc\u30ed\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u5bfe\u6bd4\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u5408\u8a08\u304c\u30bc\u30ed\u3060\u304b\u3089\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u9006\u306b\u3001\u3082\u3057\u5185\u7a4d\u304c\u30bc\u30ed\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u3082 $ \\hat{\\theta} $ \u304c\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u3067\u540c\u3058\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u7d50\u5c40\u3001\u50be\u5411\u6027\u306e\u691c\u5b9a\u306f $ H_0 : T = 0 $, $ H_1 : T \\neq 0 $ \u306e\u691c\u5b9a\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3068\u5bfe\u6bd4\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u7a4d\u304c\u30bc\u30ed\u3068\u3044\u3046\u306e\u304c\u5e30\u7121\u4eee\u8aac\u306e\u30ad\u30e2\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u305d\u306e\u969b\u306b \u5bfe\u6bd4\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u6210\u5206 c \u306e\u5e73\u5747\u304c\u30bc\u30ed\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u4ed8\u4e0e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u3053\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u5bfe\u6bd4\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u6210\u5206\u306e\u5408\u8a08\u3082\u30bc\u30ed\u306b\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff08\u5408\u8a08\u304c\u30bc\u30ed\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3068\u5e73\u5747\u3082\u30bc\u30ed\u306b\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \uff1e\uff1e\u3082\u3046\u7d71\u8a08\u3067\u60a9\u3080\u306e\u306f\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u306b\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b\uff1f\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n \u21911\u4e07\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u533b\u7642\u5f93\u4e8b\u8005\u304c\u8cfc\u8aad\u4e2d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div> \u3068\u3053\u308d\u3067\u3001\u5bfe\u6bd4\u306b\u306f\u3001linear\uff08\u7dda\u5f62\uff09\u3068polynomial\uff08\u591a\u9805\uff09\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u7dda\u5f62\u306f\uff11\u6b21\u306e\u307f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u591a\u9805\u306f\u3001\uff12\u6b21\u306e\u9805\u3001\uff13\u6b21\u306e\u9805\u3001\u3001\u3001\u3068\u9ad8\u6b21\u5143\u307e\u3067\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u7dda\u5f62\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\uff13\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001(-1, 0, 1) \u304c\u3082\u3063\u3068\u3082\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u7dda\u5f62\u5bfe\u6bd4\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \uff14\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u306a\u3089\u3001(-3, -1, 1, 3) \u304c\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u540c\u3058\u9593\u9694\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3082\u8003\u616e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u9593\u9694\u304c\uff12\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \uff15\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u306a\u3089\u3001(-2, -1, 0, 1, 2) \u304c\u3088\u3044\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3069\u306e\u9593\u9694\u3082\uff11\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u591a\u9805\u306e\u3046\u3061\uff12\u6b21\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u4e0a\u306b\u51f8\u3067\u3001\uff13\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u306a\u3089\u3001(-1, 2, -1) \u304c\u826f\u3044\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \uff14\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u306a\u3089\u3001(-1, 1, 1, -1) \u3068\u304b\u3060\u308d\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \uff15\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u306f\u3001\u3088\u3044\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u304c\u601d\u3044\u3064\u304b\u306a\u3044\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u76f4\u4ea4\u5bfe\u6bd4\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u8abf\u3079\u3066\u307f\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Orthogonal\u3092\u76f4\u4ea4\u3068\u8a33\u3059\u3068\u3001\u308f\u304b\u308a\u306b\u304f\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6c17\u304c\u3059\u308b\u304c\u3001\u8981\u3059\u308b\u306b\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u3068\u306e\u7a4d\u304c\u30bc\u30ed\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3001\u6210\u5206\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u30bc\u30ed\uff08\u3064\u307e\u308a\u5408\u8a08\u30bc\u30ed\uff09\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u7dda\u5f62\u306e\uff11\u6b21\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u591a\u9805 polynomial \u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3082\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u65b0\u7248 \u7121\u4f5c\u70ba\u5316\u6bd4\u8f03\u8a66\u9a13<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\\begin{align}
T &= \\sum \\hat{\\theta} c – K \\bar{\\theta} \\sum c \\\\
&= \\sum{\\hat{\\theta} c}
\\end{align}
$$<\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/bn_r_03.png\")
<\/a>\r\n\u76f4\u4ea4\u5bfe\u6bd4\u306e\u7a2e\u985e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u7dda\u5f62\u5bfe\u6bd4\u306e\u4f8b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u591a\u9805\u5bfe\u6bd4\u306e\u4f8b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u307e\u3068\u3081<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\u66f8\u7c4d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n