{"id":3968,"date":"2025-06-15T22:55:40","date_gmt":"2025-06-15T13:55:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/?p=3968"},"modified":"2025-06-15T22:55:43","modified_gmt":"2025-06-15T13:55:43","slug":"beyond-statistical-inference-effect-size-calculation-and-practice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/entry\/beyond-statistical-inference-effect-size-calculation-and-practice\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u63a8\u6e2c\u306e\u305d\u306e\u5148\u3078\uff1a\u52b9\u679c\u91cf\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u3068\u5b9f\u8df5"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u7814\u7a76\u8ad6\u6587\u3084\u7d71\u8a08\u89e3\u6790\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u76ee\u306b\u3057\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3001\u300c\u6709\u610f\u5dee\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5831\u544a\u306b\u63a5\u3059\u308b\u6a5f\u4f1a\u306f\u591a\u3044\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001P\u5024\u304c\u793a\u3059\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u6709\u610f\u6027\u306f\u3001\u3042\u304f\u307e\u3067\u5076\u7136\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u304b\u5426\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u78ba\u7387\u7684\u306a\u6307\u6a19\u306b\u904e\u304e\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3067\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u300c\u3069\u308c\u304f\u3089\u3044\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u306e\u304b\u300d\u300c\u305d\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u306f\u3069\u306e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5927\u304d\u3044\u306e\u304b\u300d\u3092\u77e5\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3069\u3046\u3059\u308c\u3070\u826f\u3044\u306e\u3060\u308d\u3046\u304b\uff1f\u305d\u3053\u3067\u91cd\u8981\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u304c\u300c<strong>\u52b9\u679c\u91cf\uff08Effect Size\uff09<\/strong>\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6982\u5ff5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u7a3f\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u6709\u610f\u6027\u306e\u5148\u306b\u3042\u308b\u300c\u52b9\u679c\u306e\u5927\u304d\u3055\u300d\u3092\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u306b\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u91cf\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u7b97\u51fa\u4f8b\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066R\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u5b9f\u8df5\u7684\u306a\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30d7\u30c8\u3092\u4ea4\u3048\u306a\u304c\u3089\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u8aac\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u52b9\u679c\u91cf\u306e\u6982\u8981<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u52b9\u679c\u91cf\u3068\u306f\u30012\u3064\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u7fa4\u9593\u306e\u5dee\u3084\u5909\u6570\u9593\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u6027\u306e\u5f37\u3055\u3092\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6307\u6a19\u3067\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002P\u5024\u304c\u6a19\u672c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304b\u3089\u6bcd\u96c6\u56e3\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5dee\u306e\u6709\u7121\u3092\u63a8\u6e2c\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u52b9\u679c\u91cf\u306f\u305d\u306e\u5dee\u3084\u95a2\u4fc2\u6027\u304c\u300c\u3069\u308c\u304f\u3089\u3044\u5927\u304d\u3044\u304b\u300d\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306b\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u7570\u306a\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u9593\u3067\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\u3084\u3001<strong>\u81e8\u5e8a\u7684\u30fb\u5b9f\u8df5\u7684\u306a\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/strong>\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u52b9\u679c\u91cf\u306b\u306f\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u7a2e\u985e\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u5927\u304d\u304f\u5206\u3051\u3066\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e2\u3064\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u306b\u5206\u985e\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5dee\u306e\u6307\u6a19\uff08Difference Measures\uff09<\/strong>: 2\u3064\u306e\u7fa4\u9593\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u5024\u306e\u5dee\u3092\u6a19\u6e96\u504f\u5dee\u3067\u5272\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u306b<strong>Cohen&#8217;s d<\/strong> \u3084<strong>Hedges&#8217; g<\/strong> \u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u95a2\u4fc2\u6027\u306e\u6307\u6a19\uff08Association Measures\uff09<\/strong>: \u5909\u6570\u9593\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u6027\u306e\u5f37\u3055\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3082\u306e\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u306b<strong>\u76f8\u95a2\u4fc2\u6570 r<\/strong> \u3084<strong>\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4fc2\u6570 $ R^2 $<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u30aa\u30c3\u30ba\u6bd4\uff08Odds Ratio\uff09<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u6bd4\uff08Relative Risk\uff09<\/strong> \u306a\u3069\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u91cf\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304b\u306e\u5834\u9762\u3067\u6d3b\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7814\u7a76\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u3068\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u7b97\u51fa<\/strong>: \u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u52b9\u679c\u91cf\u3092\u4e8b\u524d\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u9069\u5207\u306a\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u3092\u8a08\u753b\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u89e3\u91c8\u3068\u5831\u544a<\/strong>: \u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u6709\u610f\u6027\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u52b9\u679c\u306e\u5927\u304d\u3055\u3092\u4f75\u8a18\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u3088\u308a\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u3067\u610f\u5473\u304c\u3042\u308b\u77e5\u898b\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30e1\u30bf\u5206\u6790<\/strong>: \u8907\u6570\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u7d71\u5408\u3057\u3001\u3088\u308a\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u5168\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u52b9\u679c\u3092\u63a8\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u3068\u8a08\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b\u3001\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u52b9\u679c\u91cf\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u3068\u89e3\u91c8\u306e\u76ee\u5b89\u3092\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u898b\u3066\u3044\u3053\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u9023\u7d9a\u5909\u6570\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b2\u7fa4\u9593\u306e\u5dee\uff1aCohen&#8217;s d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Cohen&#8217;s d \u306f\u30012\u3064\u306e\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u7fa4\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u5024\u306e\u5dee\u3092\u7d71\u5408\u6a19\u6e96\u504f\u5dee\u3067\u5272\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u3059\u308b\u52b9\u679c\u91cf\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6700\u3082\u5e83\u304f\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u52b9\u679c\u91cf\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u3001\u533b\u5b66\u306a\u3069\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u6d3b\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u8a08\u7b97\u5f0f:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$$ d = \\frac{M_1 &#8211; M_2}{S_{pooled}} $$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>M1\u200b: \u7b2c1\u7fa4\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u5024<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M2: \u7b2c2\u7fa4\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u5024<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>$ S_{pooled} $\u200b: \u7d71\u5408\u6a19\u6e96\u504f\u5dee\uff08pooled standard deviation\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3067\u3042\u308b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7d71\u5408\u6a19\u6e96\u504f\u5dee $ S_{pooled} $\u200b \u306f\u3001\u5404\u7fa4\u306e\u6a19\u672c\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u3068\u6a19\u6e96\u504f\u5dee\u304b\u3089\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u5f0f\u3067\u8a08\u7b97\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$$ S_{pooled} = \\sqrt{\\frac{(n_1-1)s_1^2 + (n_2-1)s_2^2}{n_1 + n_2 &#8211; 2}}$$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>n1\u200b: \u7b2c1\u7fa4\u306e\u6a19\u672c\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>n2\u200b: \u7b2c2\u7fa4\u306e\u6a19\u672c\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>s1\u200b: \u7b2c1\u7fa4\u306e\u6a19\u6e96\u504f\u5dee<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>s2\u200b: \u7b2c2\u7fa4\u306e\u6a19\u6e96\u504f\u5dee<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u89e3\u91c8\u306e\u76ee\u5b89\uff08Cohen\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\uff09\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>d=0.2 \u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1a\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u52b9\u679c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>d=0.5 \u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1a\u4e2d\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u52b9\u679c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>d=0.8 \u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1a\u5927\u304d\u3044\u52b9\u679c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4f8b:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3042\u308b\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u6cbb\u7642\u6cd5\uff08\u5b9f\u9a13\u7fa4\uff09\u3068\u5f93\u6765\u306e\u6cbb\u7642\u6cd5\uff08\u5bfe\u7167\u7fa4\uff09\u304c\u75c7\u72b6\u6539\u5584\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\uff08\u72b6\u614b\u304c\u3088\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306b\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\uff09\u306b\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5b9f\u9a13\u7fa4\uff1an1\u200b=50, M1\u200b=75, s1\u200b=10 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bfe\u7167\u7fa4\uff1an2\u200b=50, M2\u200b=70, s2\u200b=9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u307e\u305a\u3001\u7d71\u5408\u6a19\u6e96\u504f\u5dee\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$$ S_{pooled} = \\sqrt{\\frac{(50-1)10^2 + (50-1)9^2}{50+50-2}} \\approx 9.51 $$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7d04 9.51 \u3068\u8a08\u7b97\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b21\u306b\u3001Cohen&#8217;s d \u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$$ d = \\frac{75-71}{9.51} \\approx 0.53 $$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001d=0.53 \u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u4e2d\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u6cbb\u7642\u6cd5\u304c\u75c7\u72b6\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u306b\u4e2d\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5bfe\u5fdc\u306e\u3042\u308b2\u7fa4\u9593\u306e\u5dee\uff1aCohen&#8217;s dz<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bfe\u5fdc\u306e\u3042\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u524d\u5f8c\u6bd4\u8f03\u3001\u540c\u4e00\u88ab\u9a13\u8005\u5185\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\uff09\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u306eCohen&#8217;s d \u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5dee\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u5024\u3068\u5dee\u306e\u6a19\u6e96\u504f\u5dee\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308bCohen&#8217;s dz\u200b \u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304c\u9069\u5207\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u8a08\u7b97\u5f0f:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$$ d_z = \\frac{M_D}{S_D} $$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>MD\u200b: \u5404\u30da\u30a2\u306e\u5dee\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u5024<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SD\u200b: \u5404\u30da\u30a2\u306e\u5dee\u306e\u6a19\u6e96\u504f\u5dee<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u81e8\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u4f8b:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3042\u308b\u6cbb\u7642\u6cd5\u304c\u60a3\u8005\u306e\u75bc\u75db\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u306b\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6cbb\u7642\u524d\u3068\u6cbb\u7642\u5f8c\u306e\u75bc\u75db\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3002\u60a3\u80051\u4eba\u3042\u305f\u308a\u306e\u6cbb\u7642\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u75bc\u75db\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u306e\u5dee\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5dee\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u5024\u3068\u6a19\u6e96\u504f\u5dee\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6cbb\u7642\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u75bc\u75db\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u306e\u5dee\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u5024 MD\u200b=\u22125.3 \u70b9\uff08\u6cbb\u7642\u5f8c\u306b\u5e73\u5747 5.3 \u70b9\u6539\u5584\uff09 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6cbb\u7642\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u75bc\u75db\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u306e\u5dee\u306e\u6a19\u6e96\u504f\u5dee SD\u200b=10 \u70b9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>$$ d_z = \\frac{-5.3}{10} = -0.53 $$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u89e3\u91c8\u306e\u76ee\u5b89:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bfe\u5fdc\u306e\u3042\u308b\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u5206\u6563\u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u304f\u306a\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u72ec\u7acb2\u7fa4\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306eCohen\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u3088\u308a\u3082\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u5024\u3067\u3082\u300c\u5927\u304d\u3044\u300d\u3068\u89e3\u91c8\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002dz \u3092 $ \\sqrt{2} $ \u500d\u3057\u3066\u3001d \u3068\u540c\u3058\u89e3\u91c8\u3092\u3059\u308c\u3070\u826f\u3044\uff08\u4f8b\uff1adz = 0.53 \u306e\u3068\u304d\u3001$ d = 0.53 \\sqrt{2} \\approx 0.75$\uff09\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001dz\u200b = -0.53 \u3064\u307e\u308a d = -0.75 \u76f8\u5f53 \u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u6cbb\u7642\u304c\u75bc\u75db\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u306b\u5927\u304d\u306a\u52b9\u679c\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3\u7fa4\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u5024\u306e\u5dee\uff1a\u03b72 (\u30a4\u30fc\u30bf\u4e8c\u4e57) <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8907\u6570\u306e\u6cbb\u7642\u6cd5\u3084\u4ecb\u5165\u7fa4\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308bANOVA\uff08\u5206\u6563\u5206\u6790\uff09\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u52b9\u679c\u91cf\u3068\u3057\u3066\u793a\u3059\u5834\u5408\u3001$ \\eta^2 $ (\u30a4\u30fc\u30bf\u4e8c\u4e57\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u03b72) \u304c\u3088\u304f\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u5f93\u5c5e\u5909\u6570\u306e\u5168\u5909\u52d5\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u5909\u6570\uff08\u6cbb\u7642\u6cd5\u306a\u3069\uff09\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5909\u52d5\u306e\u5272\u5408\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u8a08\u7b97\u5f0f:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$$ \\eta^2 = \\frac{SS_{between}}{SS_{total}} $$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>$SS_{between}$\u200b: \u7fa4\u9593\u5e73\u65b9\u548c\uff08\u6cbb\u7642\u6cd5\u9593\u306e\u5dee\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5909\u52d5\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>$SS_{total}\u200b$: \u5168\u5e73\u65b9\u548c\uff08\u5168\u5909\u52d5\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u89e3\u91c8\u306e\u76ee\u5b89\uff08Cohen\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\uff09\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u03b72=0.01 \u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1a\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u52b9\u679c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03b72=0.06 \u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1a\u4e2d\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u52b9\u679c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03b72=0.14 \u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1a\u5927\u304d\u3044\u52b9\u679c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u81e8\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u4f8b:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3\u7a2e\u985e\u306e\u6297\u3046\u3064\u85ac\uff08\u85acA, \u85acB, \u85acC\uff09\u304c\u60a3\u8005\u306e\u3046\u3064\u75c5\u8a55\u4fa1\u5c3a\u5ea6\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u306b\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u52b9\u679c\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u3001ANOVA\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>$SS_{between}$\u200b = 4848<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>$SS_{total}\u200b$ = 12371<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>k=3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03b72 \u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$$ \\eta^2 = \\frac{4848}{12371} \\approx 0.39 $$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u3001\u6297\u3046\u3064\u85ac\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u304c\u3046\u3064\u75c5\u8a55\u4fa1\u5c3a\u5ea6\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u306e\u5909\u52d5\u306e \u7d04 39 %\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3001\u5927\u304d\u3044\u52b9\u679c\u3068\u89e3\u91c8\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u5909\u6570\u9593\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u6027\uff1aphi (\u03d5) \u4fc2\u6570\u3001Cramer&#8217;s V<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u85ac\u5264\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u7121\u3068\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u306e\u767a\u751f\u6709\u7121\u306a\u3069\u30012\u3064\u306e\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u5909\u6570\u9593\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u6027\u3092\u793a\u3059\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30ab\u30a4\u4e8c\u4e57\u691c\u5b9a\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u304b\u3089\u52b9\u679c\u91cf\u3092\u7b97\u51fa\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2&#215;2\u5206\u5272\u8868\u306e\u5834\u5408\uff1aphi (\u03d5) \u4fc2\u6570<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>$$ \\phi = \\sqrt{\\frac{\\chi^2}{N}} $$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u03c72: \u30ab\u30a4\u4e8c\u4e57\u5024<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N: \u7dcf\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u89e3\u91c8\u306e\u76ee\u5b89\uff08Cohen\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u03d5=0.1 \u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1a\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u52b9\u679c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03d5=0.3 \u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1a\u4e2d\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u52b9\u679c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03d5=0.5 \u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1a\u5927\u304d\u3044\u52b9\u679c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306aIxJ\u5206\u5272\u8868\u306e\u5834\u5408\uff1aCramer&#8217;s V<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Cramer&#8217;s V \u306f\u30012&#215;2\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u4efb\u610f\u306e\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u306e\u5206\u5272\u8868\u306b\u9069\u7528\u3067\u304d\u308b\u52b9\u679c\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u8a08\u7b97\u5f0f:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$$ V = \\sqrt{\\frac{\\chi^2}{N \\times \\text{min}(I &#8211; 1, J &#8211; 1)}} $$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>I: \u884c\u306e\u6570<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>J: \u5217\u306e\u6570<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>min(I\u22121, J\u22121): \u884c\u6570\u3068\u5217\u6570\u306e\u3046\u3061\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u65b9\u306e\u6570\u304b\u30891\u3092\u5f15\u3044\u305f\u5024<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u89e3\u91c8\u306e\u76ee\u5b89\uff08Cohen\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\uff09\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>V=0.1 \u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1a\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u52b9\u679c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V=0.3 \u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1a\u4e2d\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u52b9\u679c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V=0.5 \u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1a\u5927\u304d\u3044\u52b9\u679c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u81e8\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u4f8b:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3042\u308b\u65b0\u85ac\u306e\u6295\u4e0e\u306e\u6709\u7121\u3068\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u809d\u6a5f\u80fd\u969c\u5bb3\uff09\u306e\u767a\u751f\u6709\u7121\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e2&#215;2\u5206\u5272\u8868\u304c\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><\/td><td>\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3042\u308a<\/td><td>\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u306a\u3057<\/td><td>\u5408\u8a08<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u65b0\u85ac\u6295\u4e0e<\/td><td>20<\/td><td>80<\/td><td>100<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u30d7\u30e9\u30bb\u30dc<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>95<\/td><td>100<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5408\u8a08<\/td><td>25<\/td><td>175<\/td><td>200<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304b\u3089\u306f\u3001\u30ab\u30a4\u4e8c\u4e57\u5024 \u03c72=9.87 \u304c\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7dcf\u6a19\u672c\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba N=200\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u03a6\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3068 0.23 \u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$$ \\phi = \\sqrt{\\frac{10.286}{200}} = \\sqrt{0.05143} \\approx 0.23 $$<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u03d5\u22480.23 \u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u65b0\u85ac\u6295\u4e0e\u3068\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u306e\u767a\u751f\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u6027\u306f\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u9023\u7d9a\u5909\u6570\u9593\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u6027\uff1a\u76f8\u95a2\u4fc2\u6570 r \u3068\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4fc2\u6570 R2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u76f8\u95a2\u4fc2\u6570 r<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u306e\u7a4d\u7387\u76f8\u95a2\u4fc2\u6570 r \u306f\u30012\u3064\u306e\u9023\u7d9a\u5909\u6570\u9593\u306e\u7dda\u5f62\u306a\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u5f37\u3055\u3068\u65b9\u5411\u3092\u793a\u3059\u6307\u6a19\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u81ea\u4f53\u304c\u52b9\u679c\u91cf\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u89e3\u91c8\u306e\u76ee\u5b89\uff08Cohen\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\uff09\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>r=0.1 \u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1a\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u52b9\u679c\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u95a2\u9023\u304c\u306a\u3044\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>r=0.3 \u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1a\u4e2d\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u52b9\u679c\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u3042\u308b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>r=0.5 \u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1a\u5927\u304d\u3044\u52b9\u679c\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u5f37\u3044\u95a2\u9023\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u81e8\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u4f8b:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u60a3\u8005\u306e\u55ab\u7159\u91cf\uff081\u65e5\u3042\u305f\u308a\u306e\u55ab\u7159\u672c\u6570\uff09\u3068\u80ba\u6a5f\u80fd\u691c\u67fb\u5024\uff08FEV1\u30011\u79d2\u91cf\uff09\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u6027\u3092\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3002\u55ab\u7159\u91cf\u304c\u5897\u3048\u308b\u307b\u3069FEV1\u304c\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4eee\u8aac\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u76f8\u95a2\u4fc2\u6570\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001r=\u22120.65 \u304c\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u55ab\u7159\u91cf\u3068FEV1\u306e\u9593\u306b\u306f\u5f37\u3044\u8ca0\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\uff08\u55ab\u7159\u91cf\u304c\u5897\u3048\u308b\u307b\u3069FEV1\u304c\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3059\u308b\uff09\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4fc2\u6570 R2<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u91cd\u56de\u5e30\u5206\u6790\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u304c\u5f93\u5c5e\u5909\u6570\u306e\u5206\u6563\u3092\u3069\u308c\u3060\u3051\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u793a\u3059\u306e\u304c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4fc2\u6570 $ R^2 $\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3001R2\uff09 \u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u4e88\u6e2c\u5909\u6570\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5f93\u5c5e\u5909\u6570\u306e\u5206\u6563\u306e\u5272\u5408\u3092\u8868\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u8a08\u7b97\u5f0f:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$$ R^2 = \\frac{SS_{regression}}{SS_{total}} $$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>$ SS_{regression\u200b} $: \u56de\u5e30\u5e73\u65b9\u548c\uff08\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5909\u52d5\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>$ SS_{total} $\u200b: \u5168\u5e73\u65b9\u548c\uff08\u5168\u5909\u52d5\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u89e3\u91c8\u306e\u76ee\u5b89\uff08Cohen\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\uff09\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>R2=0.02 \u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1a\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u52b9\u679c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>R2=0.13 \u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1a\u4e2d\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u52b9\u679c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>R2=0.26 \u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1a\u5927\u304d\u3044\u52b9\u679c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u81e8\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u4f8b:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u60a3\u8005\u306e\u8840\u5727\uff08\u5f93\u5c5e\u5909\u6570\uff09\u3092\u3001\u5e74\u9f62\u3001BMI\u3001\u5869\u5206\u6442\u53d6\u91cf\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u8907\u6570\u306e\u8981\u56e0\uff08\u4e88\u6e2c\u5909\u6570\uff09\u3067\u4e88\u6e2c\u3059\u308b\u91cd\u56de\u5e30\u5206\u6790\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5206\u6790\u3067R2=0.49 \u304c\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4e88\u6e2c\u5909\u6570\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u60a3\u8005\u306e\u8840\u5727\u306e\u5909\u52d5\u306e49%\u304c\u8aac\u660e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3001\u5927\u304d\u3044\u52b9\u679c\uff08\u9ad8\u3044\u8aac\u660e\u529b\uff09\u3092\u6301\u3064\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u89e3\u91c8\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u767a\u751f\u7387\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\uff1a\u30aa\u30c3\u30ba\u6bd4\uff08Odds Ratio\uff09\u3068\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u6bd4\uff08Relative Risk\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3b\u306b\u75ab\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3084\u81e8\u5e8a\u8a66\u9a13\u3067\u3001\u75be\u60a3\u306e\u767a\u751f\u3084\u6cbb\u7642\u52b9\u679c\u306e\u6709\u7121\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u767a\u751f\u7387\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u30aa\u30c3\u30ba\u6bd4\uff08Odds Ratio, OR\uff09<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3042\u308b\u66dd\u9732\u7fa4\u3068\u975e\u66dd\u9732\u7fa4\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\uff08\u75be\u60a3\u306e\u767a\u751f\u306a\u3069\uff09\u306e\u30aa\u30c3\u30ba\uff08\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u78ba\u7387\u3068\u767a\u751f\u3057\u306a\u3044\u78ba\u7387\u306e\u6bd4\uff09\u306e\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$$ OR = \\frac{\\text{\u66dd\u9732\u7fa4\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30aa\u30c3\u30ba}}{\\text{\u975e\u66dd\u9732\u7fa4\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30aa\u30c3\u30ba}} = \\frac{a\/b}{c\/d} = \\frac{ad}{bc} $$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>a: \u66dd\u9732\u3042\u308a\u30fb\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u3042\u308a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>b: \u66dd\u9732\u3042\u308a\u30fb\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u306a\u3057<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>c: \u66dd\u9732\u306a\u3057\u30fb\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u3042\u308a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>d: \u66dd\u9732\u306a\u3057\u30fb\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u306a\u3057<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u89e3\u91c8:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>OR=1: \u66dd\u9732\u3068\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u306a\u3057<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>OR&gt;1: \u66dd\u9732\u306b\u3088\u308a\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u767a\u751f\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3042\u308a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>OR&lt;1: \u66dd\u9732\u306b\u3088\u308a\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u4e88\u9632\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3042\u308a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u6bd4\uff08Relative Risk, RR\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u66dd\u9732\u7fa4\u3068\u975e\u66dd\u9732\u7fa4\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u306e\u767a\u751f\u7387\uff08\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\uff09\u306e\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$$ RR = \\frac{\u66dd\u9732\u7fa4\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u306e\u767a\u751f\u7387}{\u975e\u66dd\u9732\u7fa4\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u306e\u767a\u751f\u7387} = \\frac{a\/(a+b)}{c\/(c+d)} $$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u89e3\u91c8:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>RR=1: \u66dd\u9732\u3068\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u306a\u3057<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>RR&gt;1: \u66dd\u9732\u306b\u3088\u308a\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u304c\u5897\u52a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>RR&lt;1: \u66dd\u9732\u306b\u3088\u308a\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u304c\u6e1b\u5c11<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u81e8\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u4f8b:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3042\u308b\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u5909\u7570\uff08\u66dd\u9732\uff09\u304c\u5927\u8178\u304c\u3093\uff08\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\uff09\u306e\u767a\u751f\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u306b\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u8abf\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u30b3\u30db\u30fc\u30c8\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><\/td><td>\u5927\u8178\u304c\u3093\u3042\u308a<\/td><td>\u5927\u8178\u304c\u3093\u306a\u3057<\/td><td>\u5408\u8a08<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u5909\u7570\u3042\u308a<\/td><td>30<\/td><td>970<\/td><td>1000<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u5909\u7570\u306a\u3057<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>990<\/td><td>1000<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u6bd4\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u5909\u7570\u3042\u308a\u7fa4\u306e\u767a\u751f\u7387 = 30\/1000=0.03<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u5909\u7570\u306a\u3057\u7fa4\u306e\u767a\u751f\u7387 = 10\/1000=0.01<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>$$ RR = \\frac{0.03}{0.01} = 3 $$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001RR=3 \u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u3053\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u5909\u7570\u3092\u6301\u3064\u4eba\u306f\u6301\u305f\u306a\u3044\u4eba\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u5927\u8178\u304c\u3093\u306e\u767a\u751f\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u304c3\u500d\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"biost-80984682\" class=\"biost- biost-entity-placement\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/kmhl\">\uff1e\uff1e\u3082\u3046\u7d71\u8a08\u3067\u60a9\u3080\u306e\u306f\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u306b\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b\uff1f\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/kmhl\"><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2794 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/bn_r_03.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"327\" \/><\/a>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 20px;\"><strong><span class=\"marker2\">\u21911\u4e07\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u533b\u7642\u5f93\u4e8b\u8005\u304c\u8cfc\u8aad\u4e2d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30d7\u30c8\u4f8b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cohen&#8217;s d \u306e\u8a08\u7b97\uff08\u72ec\u7acb 2 \u7fa4 t \u691c\u5b9a\u306e\u5834\u5408\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>pysch \u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8 \u306e m2d \u95a2\u6570\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8a08\u7b97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5b9f\u9a13\u7fa4\uff1an1\u200b=50, M1\u200b=75, s1\u200b=10<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bfe\u7167\u7fa4\uff1an2\u200b=50, M2\u200b=70, s2\u200b=9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># psych \u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\uff08\u521d\u56de\u306e\u307f\uff09\n# install.packages(\"psych\")\n\nlibrary(psych)\nm2d(m1=75, m2=70, s1=10, s2=9, n1=50, n2=50)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5b9f\u884c\u7d50\u679c\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>> m2d(m1=75, m2=70, s1=10, s2=9, n1=50, n2=50)\n&#91;1] 0.5255883<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>0.5255883 \uff08\u7d04 0.53\uff09\u3068\u8a08\u7b97\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cohen&#8217;s dz \u306e\u8a08\u7b97\uff08\u5bfe\u5fdc\u306e\u3042\u308b t \u691c\u5b9a\u306e\u5834\u5408\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30d7\u30c8\u3067\u8a08\u7b97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \u5bfe\u5fdc\u306e\u3042\u308bt\u691c\u5b9a\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u91cf (Cohen's dz) \u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u95a2\u6570\ncalculate_cohens_dz &lt;- function(mean_difference, sd_difference) {\n  dz &lt;- mean_difference \/ sd_difference\n  return(dz)\n}\n\n# \u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u81e8\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u6570\u5024\u3092\u4f7f\u3044\u307e\u3059\n# \u6cbb\u7642\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u75bc\u75db\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u306e\u5dee\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u5024 MD = -5.3\n# \u6cbb\u7642\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u75bc\u75db\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u306e\u5dee\u306e\u6a19\u6e96\u504f\u5dee SD = 10\n# (\u8ca0\u306e\u5024\u306f\u6539\u5584\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3068\u4eee\u5b9a)\n\nmean_diff &lt;- -5.3\nsd_diff &lt;- 10\n\ncohens_dz_value &lt;- calculate_cohens_dz(mean_diff, sd_diff)\nprint(cohens_dz_value)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5b9f\u884c\u7d50\u679c\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>> print(cohens_dz_value)\n&#91;1] -0.53<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8a08\u7b97\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u3001-0.53  \u3068\u8a08\u7b97\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u03b72 \u306e\u8a08\u7b97\uff08\u4e00\u5143\u914d\u7f6e\u5206\u6563\u5206\u6790\u306e\u5834\u5408\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><code>rstatix<\/code> \u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3001ANOVA\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u304b\u3089\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u52b9\u679c\u91cf\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># rstatix\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\uff08\u521d\u56de\u306e\u307f\uff09\n# install.packages(\"rstatix\")\n\n# \u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u8aad\u307f\u8fbc\u307f\nlibrary(rstatix)\nlibrary(dplyr) # \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u64cd\u4f5c\u306e\u305f\u3081\n\n# \u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u4f5c\u6210\uff08\u81e8\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u4f8b\uff1a3\u7a2e\u985e\u306e\u6297\u3046\u3064\u85ac\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u6bd4\u8f03\uff09\nset.seed(456)\ndata_anova_drugs &lt;- tibble(\n  drug_type = factor(rep(c(\"Drug_A\", \"Drug_B\", \"Drug_C\"), each = 40)), # \u5404\u7fa440\u4eba\n  depression_score = c(rnorm(40, mean = 55, sd = 8),  # Drug A: 55\u70b9\n                       rnorm(40, mean = 48, sd = 9),  # Drug B: 48\u70b9\n                       rnorm(40, mean = 40, sd = 7))   # Drug C: 40\u70b9 (\u6700\u3082\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u3068\u4eee\u5b9a)\n)\nhead(data_anova_drugs)\nsummary(data_anova_drugs)\n\n# ANOVA\u306e\u5b9f\u884c\nanova_result_drugs &lt;- aov(depression_score ~ drug_type, data = data_anova_drugs)\n\n# ANOVA\u306e\u30b5\u30de\u30ea\u30fc\nsummary(anova_result_drugs)\n\n# \u03b72 \u4e57\neta_squared(anova_result_drugs)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5b9f\u884c\u7d50\u679c\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>> # ANOVA\u306e\u30b5\u30de\u30ea\u30fc\n> summary(anova_result_drugs)\n             Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value   Pr(>F)    \ndrug_type     2   4848  2423.8   37.69 2.32e-13 ***\nResiduals   117   7523    64.3                     \n---\nSignif. codes:  0 \u2018***\u2019 0.001 \u2018**\u2019 0.01 \u2018*\u2019 0.05 \u2018.\u2019 0.1 \u2018 \u2019 1\n\neta_squared(anova_result_drugs)\n> \n> eta_squared(anova_result_drugs)\ndrug_type \n0.3918518 <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6297\u3046\u3064\u75c5\u306e Sum Sq (SS) \u306f 4848\u3001\u8aa4\u5dee\uff08Residuals\uff09\u306e SS \u306f 7523\u3068\u8a08\u7b97\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u03b72 \u4e57\u306f\u3001\u7d04 0.39 \u3068\u8a08\u7b97\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u03a6\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\uff08\u30ab\u30a4\u4e8c\u4e57\u691c\u5b9a\u306e\u5834\u5408\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>pwr \u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u306e ES.w2 \u95a2\u6570\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># install.packages(\"pwr\") # \u521d\u56de\u306e\u307f\n\nlibrary(pwr)\n\ntable_data &lt;- matrix(c(20, 5, 80, 95), nrow = 2)\n\nrownames(table_data) &lt;- c(\"NewDrug\", \"Placebo\")\ncolnames(table_data) &lt;- c(\"Side_effect_Yes\", \"Side_effect_No\")\n\nprint(table_data)\n\nsum(table_data)\n\nES.w2(table_data\/sum(table_data))<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5b9f\u884c\u7d50\u679c\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>> print(table_data)\n        Side_effect_Yes Side_effect_No\nNewDrug              20             80\nPlacebo               5             95\n> sum(table_data)\n&#91;1] 200\n> ES.w2(table_data\/sum(table_data))\n&#91;1] 0.2267787<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>2&#215;2\u5206\u5272\u8868\u3092\u884c\u5217\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u3067\u5272\u3063\u3066\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u306b\u5360\u3081\u308b\u5272\u5408\u306b\u3057\u3066\u304b\u3089\u3001ES.w2 \u306b\u6e21\u3059\u3068\u3001\u03a6\u304c \u7d04 0.23 \u3068\u8a08\u7b97\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R 2 \u4e57\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\uff08\u91cd\u56de\u5e30\u5206\u6790\u306e\u5834\u5408\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>R \u306e\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3001lm \u95a2\u6570\u3067\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5909\u6570\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3068\u304a\u308a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5f93\u5c5e\u5909\u6570 (\u76ee\u7684\u5909\u6570)<\/strong>: \u8840\u5727 (\u53ce\u7e2e\u671f\u8840\u5727\u3092\u60f3\u5b9a) <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4e88\u6e2c\u5909\u6570 (\u8aac\u660e\u5909\u6570)<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5e74\u9f62 (age)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>BMI (bmi)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5869\u5206\u6442\u53d6\u91cf (salt_intake)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u8fbc\u307f\u307e\u3059\uff08\u307e\u3060\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f install.packages(\"tidyverse\") \u306a\u3069\u3067\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\uff09\nlibrary(tidyverse) # \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u64cd\u4f5c\u3068\u53ef\u8996\u5316\u306b\u4fbf\u5229\n\n# \u518d\u73fe\u6027\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u30b7\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\nset.seed(123)\n\n# \u60a3\u8005\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u751f\u6210\nn_patients &lt;- 200 # \u60a3\u8005\u6570\n\n# \u4e88\u6e2c\u5909\u6570\u3092\u751f\u6210\nage &lt;- sample(30:70, n_patients, replace = TRUE) # \u5e74\u9f62\u309230\u6b73\u304b\u308970\u6b73\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u3067\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u306b\u751f\u6210\nbmi &lt;- round(rnorm(n_patients, mean = 25, sd = 4), 1) # BMI\u3092\u5e73\u574725\u3001\u6a19\u6e96\u504f\u5dee4\u3067\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u304b\u3089\u751f\u6210\nsalt_intake &lt;- round(rnorm(n_patients, mean = 8, sd = 2), 1) # \u5869\u5206\u6442\u53d6\u91cf\u3092\u5e73\u57478g\u3001\u6a19\u6e96\u504f\u5dee2g\u3067\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u304b\u3089\u751f\u6210\n\n# \u8840\u5727\uff08\u5f93\u5c5e\u5909\u6570\uff09\u3092\u751f\u6210\n# \u3053\u3053\u3067\u8840\u5727\u3068\u5404\u4e88\u6e2c\u5909\u6570\u306b\u76f8\u95a2\u3092\u6301\u305f\u305b\u3001R2\u4e57\u304c\u7d040.40\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u4fc2\u6570\u3092\u8abf\u6574\u3057\u307e\u3059\n# \u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u30ce\u30a4\u30ba\u3092\u52a0\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u5b8c\u74a7\u306a\u76f8\u95a2\u306b\u306f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\nblood_pressure &lt;- 90 + (age * 0.5) + (bmi * 1.5) + (salt_intake * 2.0) + rnorm(n_patients, mean = 0, sd = 10)\n\n# \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u306b\u307e\u3068\u3081\u308b\npatient_data &lt;- tibble(\n    age = age,\n    bmi = bmi,\n    salt_intake = salt_intake,\n    blood_pressure = blood_pressure\n)\n\n# \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u6700\u521d\u306e\u6570\u884c\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\nprint(head(patient_data))\n\n# \u5404\u5909\u6570\u306e\u8981\u7d04\u7d71\u8a08\u91cf\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\nprint(summary(patient_data))\n\n# \u91cd\u56de\u5e30\u5206\u6790\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u69cb\u7bc9\n# \u5f93\u5c5e\u5909\u6570 ~ \u4e88\u6e2c\u5909\u65701 + \u4e88\u6e2c\u5909\u65702 + ... \u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\nmodel &lt;- lm(blood_pressure ~ age + bmi + salt_intake, data = patient_data)\n\n# \u5206\u6563\u5206\u6790\u8868\u3092\u8868\u793a\nanova(model)\n\n# \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u8981\u7d04\u3092\u8868\u793a\n# \u3053\u3053\u3067\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4fc2\u6570 (R-squared) \u306e\u5024\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\nprint(summary(model))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5b9f\u884c\u7d50\u679c\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>> # \u5206\u6563\u5206\u6790\u8868\u3092\u8868\u793a\n> anova(model)\nAnalysis of Variance Table\n\nResponse: blood_pressure\n             Df  Sum Sq Mean Sq F value    Pr(>F)    \nage           1  6651.2  6651.2  66.522 4.073e-14 ***\nbmi           1  8514.1  8514.1  85.154 &lt; 2.2e-16 ***\nsalt_intake   1  3348.2  3348.2  33.487 2.805e-08 ***\nResiduals   196 19596.9   100.0                      \n---\nSignif. codes:  0 \u2018***\u2019 0.001 \u2018**\u2019 0.01 \u2018*\u2019 0.05 \u2018.\u2019 0.1 \u2018 \u2019 1\n> # \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u8981\u7d04\u3092\u8868\u793a\n> # \u3053\u3053\u3067\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4fc2\u6570 (R-squared) \u306e\u5024\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\n> print(summary(model))\n\nCall:\nlm(formula = blood_pressure ~ age + bmi + salt_intake, data = patient_data)\n\nResiduals:\n    Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max \n-30.397  -6.789   0.014   6.458  33.281 \n\nCoefficients:\n            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    \n(Intercept) 88.41599    5.90761  14.966  &lt; 2e-16 ***\nage          0.49679    0.06558   7.575 1.38e-12 ***\nbmi          1.55583    0.17196   9.048  &lt; 2e-16 ***\nsalt_intake  2.06965    0.35765   5.787 2.81e-08 ***\n---\nSignif. codes:  0 \u2018***\u2019 0.001 \u2018**\u2019 0.01 \u2018*\u2019 0.05 \u2018.\u2019 0.1 \u2018 \u2019 1\n\nResidual standard error: 9.999 on 196 degrees of freedom\nMultiple R-squared:  0.4858,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.4779 \nF-statistic: 61.72 on 3 and 196 DF,  p-value: &lt; 2.2e-16 <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5206\u6563\u5206\u6790\u8868\u304b\u3089\u3001\u56de\u5e30\u90e8\u5206\u306e SS \u304c\u8a08\u7b97\u3055\u308c\uff08\u56de\u5e30\u90e8\u5206\u306e\u5408\u8a08\uff1a 6651.2+8514.1+3348.2 = 18513.5 \uff09\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u306e SS = 18513.5 + 19596.9 = 38110.4 \u3068\u306e\u6bd4 18513.5 \/ 38110.4 = 0.4858 \u304c\u3001\u4e0b\u304b\u30892\u884c\u76ee\u306e Multiple R-squared: 0.4858 \u306b\u51fa\u529b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u30aa\u30c3\u30ba\u6bd4\uff08OR\uff09\u3068\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u6bd4\uff08RR\uff09\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\uff08\u75ab\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u5834\u5408\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><code>epitools<\/code> \u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3001\u75ab\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u52b9\u679c\u91cf\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># epitools\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\uff08\u521d\u56de\u306e\u307f\uff09\n# install.packages(\"epitools\")\n\n# \u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u8aad\u307f\u8fbc\u307f\nlibrary(epitools)\n\n# 2x2\u5206\u5272\u8868\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\uff08\u81e8\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u4f8b\uff1a\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u5909\u7570\u3068\u5927\u8178\u304c\u3093\uff09\n# \u884c: \u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u5909\u7570\u306e\u6709\u7121 (\u3042\u308a\/\u306a\u3057)\n# \u5217: \u5927\u8178\u304c\u3093\u306e\u6709\u7121 (\u3042\u308a\/\u306a\u3057)\n# \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306f matrix \u5f62\u5f0f\u3067\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u3001\u884c\u540d\u3068\u5217\u540d\u3092\u4ed8\u4e0e\ndisease_data &lt;- matrix(c(30, 970, 10, 990), nrow = 2, byrow = TRUE)\ncolnames(disease_data) &lt;- c(\"Cancer_Yes\", \"Cancer_No\")\nrownames(disease_data) &lt;- c(\"Mutation_Yes\", \"Mutation_No\")\n\nprint(disease_data)\n\n# \u30aa\u30c3\u30ba\u6bd4\u3068\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u6bd4\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\noddsratio(disease_data, rev = \"both\")\n\nriskratio(disease_data, rev = \"both\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5b9f\u884c\u7d50\u679c\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>> # \u30aa\u30c3\u30ba\u6bd4\u3068\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u6bd4\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\n> oddsratio(disease_data, rev = \"both\")\n\nriskratio(disease_data, rev = \"both\")\n$data\n             Cancer_No Cancer_Yes Total\nMutation_No        990         10  1000\nMutation_Yes       970         30  1000\nTotal             1960         40  2000\n\n$measure\n                        NA\nodds ratio with 95% C.I. estimate    lower    upper\n            Mutation_No  1.000000       NA       NA\n            Mutation_Yes 3.027886 1.517734 6.594998\n\n$p.value\n              NA\ntwo-sided       midp.exact fisher.exact  chi.square\n  Mutation_No           NA           NA          NA\n  Mutation_Yes 0.001305077  0.002008334 0.001401302\n\n$correction\n&#91;1] FALSE\n\nattr(,\"method\")\n&#91;1] \"median-unbiased estimate &amp; mid-p exact CI\"\n> \n> riskratio(disease_data, rev = \"both\")\n$data\n             Cancer_No Cancer_Yes Total\nMutation_No        990         10  1000\nMutation_Yes       970         30  1000\nTotal             1960         40  2000\n\n$measure\n                        NA\nrisk ratio with 95% C.I. estimate    lower    upper\n            Mutation_No         1       NA       NA\n            Mutation_Yes        3 1.474505 6.103742\n\n$p.value\n              NA\ntwo-sided       midp.exact fisher.exact  chi.square\n  Mutation_No           NA           NA          NA\n  Mutation_Yes 0.001305077  0.002008334 0.001401302\n\n$correction\n&#91;1] FALSE\n\nattr(,\"method\")\n&#91;1] \"Unconditional MLE &amp; normal approximation (Wald) CI\"\n> <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u3001\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30aa\u30c3\u30ba\u6bd4 3.02, \u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u6bd4 3 \u3068\u307b\u307c\u540c\u69d8\u306e\u5024\u3068\u8a08\u7b97\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u307e\u3068\u3081<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u52b9\u679c\u91cf\u306f\u3001\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u6709\u610f\u6027\uff08P\u5024\uff09\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u898b\u3048\u3066\u3053\u306a\u3044\u300c<strong>\u52b9\u679c\u306e\u5927\u304d\u3055<\/strong>\u300d\u3092\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u306b\u793a\u3059\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u30c4\u30fc\u30eb\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u81e8\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u6cbb\u7642\u6cd5\u304c\u60a3\u8005\u306b\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u5f71\u97ff\u306e<strong>\u81e8\u5e8a\u7684\u610f\u7fa9<\/strong>\u3092\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u7a3f\u3067\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u305fCohen&#8217;s d\u3001dz\u3001\u03b72\u3001\u03a6\u3001Cramer&#8217;s V\u3001\u76f8\u95a2\u4fc2\u6570 r\u3001\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4fc2\u6570R2\u3001\u30aa\u30c3\u30ba\u6bd4\u3001\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u6bd4\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u52b9\u679c\u91cf\u3092\u9069\u5207\u306b\u8a08\u7b97\u3057\u3001\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u3088\u308a\u8cea\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u7814\u7a76\u5831\u544a\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.utstat.toronto.edu\/~brunner\/oldclass\/378f16\/readings\/CohenPower.pdf\">https:\/\/www.utstat.toronto.edu\/~brunner\/oldclass\/378f16\/readings\/CohenPower.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7814\u7a76\u8ad6\u6587\u3084\u7d71\u8a08\u89e3\u6790\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u76ee\u306b\u3057\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3001\u300c\u6709\u610f\u5dee\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5831\u544a\u306b\u63a5\u3059\u308b\u6a5f\u4f1a\u306f\u591a\u3044\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001P\u5024\u304c\u793a\u3059\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u6709\u610f\u6027\u306f\u3001\u3042\u304f\u307e\u3067\u5076\u7136\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u304b\u5426\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u78ba\u7387\u7684\u306a\u6307\u6a19\u306b\u904e\u304e\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3067\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u300c\u3069\u308c\u304f\u3089\u3044\u306e\u52b9\u679c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"swell_btn_cv_data":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[57,25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3968","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-57","category-25"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3968","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3968"}],"version-history":[{"count":30,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3968\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4000,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3968\/revisions\/4000"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3968"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3968"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3968"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}