{"id":4125,"date":"2025-07-05T21:58:26","date_gmt":"2025-07-05T12:58:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/?p=4125"},"modified":"2025-07-05T21:58:28","modified_gmt":"2025-07-05T12:58:28","slug":"missing-data-handling-a-roadmap-to-successful-research-and-analysis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/entry\/missing-data-handling-a-roadmap-to-successful-research-and-analysis\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6b20\u6e2c\u5024\u306e\u5bfe\u51e6\u6cd5\uff1a\u7814\u7a76\u3068\u5206\u6790\u3092\u6210\u529f\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30ed\u30fc\u30c9\u30de\u30c3\u30d7"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u7814\u7a76\u3084\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5206\u6790\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001<strong>\u6b20\u6e2c\u5024<\/strong> (Missing Values) \u306f\u907f\u3051\u3066\u901a\u308c\u306a\u3044\u554f\u984c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u304c\u6b20\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5206\u6790\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u304c\u640d\u306a\u308f\u308c\u305f\u308a\u3001\u504f\u3063\u305f\u7d50\u8ad6\u304c\u5c0e\u304d\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u9069\u5207\u306a\u5bfe\u51e6\u6cd5\u3092\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8ab2\u984c\u3092\u514b\u670d\u3057\u3001\u3088\u308a\u6b63\u78ba\u3067\u5805\u7262\u306a\u5206\u6790\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6b20\u6e2c\u5024\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u305f\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u5bfe\u51e6\u6cd5\u3068\u3001\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u6e2c\u5b9a\u56de\u6570\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u305f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u89e3\u8aac\u3059\u308b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u72b6\u6cc1\u3067\u9069\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u3055\u3089\u306b\u6df1\u304f\u5b66\u3079\u308b\u304b\u3092\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6b20\u6e2c\u5024\u306e\u5bfe\u51e6\u6cd5\u6982\u7565\uff1aMAR\u3068MNAR<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b20\u6e2c\u5024\u3078\u306e\u5bfe\u51e6\u6cd5\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u4e0a\u3067\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u306e\u304c\u3001<strong>\u6b20\u6e2c\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0<\/strong>\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6b20\u6e2c\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u306f\u5927\u304d\u304f\u5206\u3051\u3066\u3001<strong>MAR<\/strong> (Missing At Random) \u3068<strong>MNAR<\/strong> (Missing Not At Random) \u306e2\u7a2e\u985e\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">MAR\uff08Missing At Random\uff09\uff1a\u6b20\u6e2c\u304c\u4ed6\u306e\u89b3\u6e2c\u5909\u6570\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>MAR<\/strong> \u306f\u3001\u300c\u6b20\u6e2c\u304c\u3001\u89b3\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4ed6\u306e\u5909\u6570\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3067\u304d\u308b\u300d\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u6b20\u6e2c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u81ea\u4f53\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u3059\u3067\u306b\u624b\u5143\u306b\u3042\u308b\u5225\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u304b\u3089\u4e88\u6e2c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30a2\u30f3\u30b1\u30fc\u30c8\u3067\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u8cea\u554f\u306b\u56de\u7b54\u3057\u306a\u3044\u50be\u5411\u304c\u3001\u56de\u7b54\u8005\u306e\u5e74\u9f62\u3084\u6027\u5225\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u4ed6\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u3068\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306a\u3069\u304cMAR\u306b\u8a72\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u3002MAR\u306f\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u306b\u6b20\u6e2c\u3059\u308b<strong>MCAR<\/strong> (Missing Completely At Random) \u3092\u542b\u3080\u3001\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u300c\u6271\u3044\u3084\u3059\u3044\u300d\u6b20\u6e2c\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>MAR\u3092\u4eee\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306e\u5bfe\u51e6\u6cd5\u306f\u591a\u5c90\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308b\u304c\u3001\u7279\u306b\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u304c\u6319\u3052\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u591a\u91cd\u4ee3\u5165\u6cd5 (Multiple Imputation; MI)<\/strong>\uff1a\u6b20\u6e2c\u5024\u3092\u8907\u6570\u306e\u300c\u3082\u3063\u3068\u3082\u3089\u3057\u3044\u300d\u5024\u3067\u88dc\u5b8c\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u88dc\u5b8c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u3067\u5206\u6790\u3092\u884c\u3044\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u7d71\u5408\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6700\u3082\u63a8\u5968\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001<strong>R<\/strong>\u3084<strong>Python<\/strong>\u306e\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u3067\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u5b9f\u884c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6700\u5c24\u63a8\u5b9a\u6cd5 (Maximum Likelihood Estimation; MLE)<\/strong>\uff1a\u6b20\u6e2c\u5024\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u88dc\u5b8c\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u89b3\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u307f\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u63a8\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<strong>\u69cb\u9020\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u30e2\u30c7\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0 (Structural Equation Modeling; SEM)<\/strong> \u306a\u3069\u3067\u3088\u304f\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">MNAR\uff08Missing Not At Random\uff09\uff1a\u6b20\u6e2c\u304c\u6b20\u6e2c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5024\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>MNAR<\/strong> \u306f\u3001\u300c\u6b20\u6e2c\u304c\u3001\u6b20\u6e2c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5024\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u300d\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u53ce\u5165\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8cea\u554f\u3067\u3001\u53ce\u5165\u304c\u4f4e\u3044\u4eba\u307b\u3069\u56de\u7b54\u3057\u306a\u3044\u50be\u5411\u304c\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306a\u3069\u304cMNAR\u306b\u8a72\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u89b3\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u6b20\u6e2c\u306e\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u8aac\u660e\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001MAR\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3088\u308a\u3082\u5bfe\u51e6\u304c\u96e3\u3057\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>MNAR\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5bfe\u51e6\u6cd5\u306f\u3001MAR\u3088\u308a\u3082\u8907\u96d1\u3067\u3001\u8ffd\u52a0\u306e\u4eee\u5b9a\u3084\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u5316\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u9078\u629e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb (Selection Models)<\/strong>\uff1a\u6b20\u6e2c\u306e\u6709\u7121\u3092\u4e88\u6e2c\u3059\u308b\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u3001\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u3092\u4e88\u6e2c\u3059\u308b\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u540c\u6642\u306b\u63a8\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<strong>Heckman\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb<\/strong>\u306a\u3069\u304c\u6709\u540d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u6df7\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb (Pattern Mixture Models)<\/strong>\uff1a\u6b20\u6e2c\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3054\u3068\u306b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u5206\u3051\u3066\u5206\u6790\u3057\u3001\u6b20\u6e2c\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u9593\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u6027\u3092\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u5316\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u611f\u5ea6\u5206\u6790 (Sensitivity Analysis)<\/strong>\uff1a\u7570\u306a\u308bMNAR\u306e\u4eee\u5b9a\u3092\u7f6e\u3044\u3066\u5206\u6790\u3092\u884c\u3044\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u3069\u306e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306eMNAR\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u4eee\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u5206\u6790\u306e\u9811\u5065\u6027\u3092\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6df7\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u62e1\u5f35 (Extended Mixed Models)<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u6df7\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u3001\u6b20\u6e2c\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u8fbc\u3080\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001MNAR\u306e\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u624b\u6cd5\u3067\u306f\u3001<strong>\u6b20\u6e2c\u306e\u78ba\u7387<\/strong>\u81ea\u4f53\u304c\u3001\u6b20\u6e2c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5024\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4eee\u5b9a\u3092\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u5185\u306b\u7d44\u307f\u8fbc\u3080\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u7e26\u65ad\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u3042\u308b\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u306e\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u304c\u6b20\u6e2c\u3059\u308b\u78ba\u7387\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u306e\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\uff08\u89b3\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\uff09\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u5024\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u9069\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u306f\u3001\u3088\u308a\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u7d71\u8a08\u30e2\u30c7\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3059\u308b\u304c\u3001MNAR\u306e\u6b20\u6e2c\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30d0\u30a4\u30a2\u30b9\u3092\u8efd\u6e1b\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u79d8\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u6e2c\u5b9a\u56de\u6570\u3068\u6b20\u6e2c\u5024\u5bfe\u51e6\u6cd5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\uff08\u7d50\u679c\u5909\u6570\uff09\u306e\u6e2c\u5b9a\u56de\u6570\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u9069\u5207\u306a\u6b20\u6e2c\u5024\u306e\u5bfe\u51e6\u6cd5\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1\u56de\u3082\u3057\u304f\u306f2\u56de\u6e2c\u5b9a\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u306e\u5834\u5408<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u304c1\u56de\u307e\u305f\u306f2\u56de\u306e\u6e2c\u5b9a\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u306f\u6a2a\u65ad\u7814\u7a76\u3084\u4ecb\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u524d\u5f8c\u6bd4\u8f03\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u72b6\u6cc1\u304c\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>MAR\u3092\u4eee\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u5834\u5408\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u591a\u91cd\u4ee3\u5165\u6cd5 (Multiple Imputation; MI)<\/strong>\uff1a\u6700\u3082\u63a8\u5968\u3055\u308c\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u4ecb\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3068\u6700\u7d42\u6e2c\u5b9a\u306e2\u56de\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3067\u6b20\u6e2c\u5024\u304c\u3042\u308b\u88ab\u9a13\u8005\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u3084\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u5171\u5909\u91cf\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u6b20\u6e2c\u5024\u3092\u88dc\u5b8c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5b8c\u5168\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u5206\u6790 (Complete Case Analysis; CCA)<\/strong>\uff1a\u6b20\u6e2c\u5024\u3092\u542b\u3080\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u3059\u3079\u3066\u5206\u6790\u304b\u3089\u9664\u5916\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30b7\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u3060\u304c\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u5931\u308f\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u640d\u5931\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u3001\u30d0\u30a4\u30a2\u30b9\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3002\u7279\u306b\u6b20\u6e2c\u304c\u591a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\u63a8\u5968\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u30ef\u30a4\u30ba\u524a\u9664 (Listwise Deletion)<\/strong>\uff1aCCA\u3068\u540c\u7fa9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30da\u30a2\u30ef\u30a4\u30ba\u524a\u9664 (Pairwise Deletion)<\/strong>\uff1a\u5206\u6790\u3054\u3068\u306b\u5229\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u5909\u6570A\u3068\u5909\u6570B\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e2\u3064\u306e\u5909\u6570\u306b\u6b20\u6e2c\u304c\u306a\u3044\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u307f\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3002\u500b\u3005\u306e\u5206\u6790\u3067\u306f\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304c\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u4e00\u8cab\u6027\u304c\u5931\u308f\u308c\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>MNAR\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u9078\u629e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb (Selection Models)<\/strong>\uff1a\u7279\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u30d0\u30a4\u30a2\u30b9\u304c\u61f8\u5ff5\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u6709\u52b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u611f\u5ea6\u5206\u6790 (Sensitivity Analysis)<\/strong>\uff1a\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306aMNAR\u306e\u30b7\u30ca\u30ea\u30aa\u3092\u60f3\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u5206\u6790\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u9811\u5065\u6027\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3\u56de\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6e2c\u5b9a\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u306e\u5834\u5408<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u304c3\u56de\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u7e26\u65ad\u7814\u7a76\u3084\u30d1\u30cd\u30eb\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5206\u6790\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u6b20\u6e2c\u304c\u6642\u9593\u306e\u7d4c\u904e\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3088\u308a\u6d17\u7df4\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>MAR\u3092\u4eee\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u5834\u5408\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u591a\u91cd\u4ee3\u5165\u6cd5 (Multiple Imputation; MI) with Longitudinal Data<\/strong>\uff1a\u7e26\u65ad\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u7279\u5316\u3057\u305f\u591a\u91cd\u4ee3\u5165\u6cd5\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3057\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\u6b20\u6e2c\u5024\u3092\u88dc\u5b8c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u7279\u306b<strong>\u9396\u72b6\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u306b\u3088\u308b\u591a\u91cd\u4ee3\u5165 (Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations; MICE)<\/strong> \u306f\u3001\u7e26\u65ad\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u6b20\u6e2c\u5024\u88dc\u5b8c\u306b\u5e83\u304f\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6df7\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb (Mixed Models) \/ \u7dda\u5f62\u6df7\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb (Linear Mixed Models; LMM)<\/strong>\uff1a\u500b\u3005\u306e\u88ab\u9a13\u8005\u306e\u6642\u9593\u306e\u7d4c\u904e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5909\u5316\u3092\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u5316\u3059\u308b\u624b\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6df7\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u3001\u89b3\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u307f\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u63a8\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001MAR\u306e\u4eee\u5b9a\u306e\u4e0b\u3067\u306f\u52b9\u7387\u7684\u306a\u63a8\u5b9a\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6b20\u6e2c\u5024\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u88dc\u5b8c\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u8fd1\u5e74\u3067\u306f\u3053\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u4e3b\u6d41\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u63a8\u5b9a\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f (Generalized Estimating Equations; GEE)<\/strong>\uff1a\u53cd\u5fa9\u6e2c\u5b9a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5e73\u5747\u306e\u5909\u5316\u3092\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u5316\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u6df7\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u3001\u89b3\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u307f\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>MNAR\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u6df7\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb (Pattern Mixture Models)<\/strong>\uff1a\u6b20\u6e2c\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\uff08\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u9014\u4e2d\u3067\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u6b20\u6e2c\u3057\u59cb\u3081\u308b\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\uff09\u3054\u3068\u306b\u7570\u306a\u308b\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u3092\u7d71\u5408\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6df7\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u62e1\u5f35 (Extended Mixed Models)<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u6df7\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u3001\u6b20\u6e2c\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u8fbc\u3080\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u975e\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u306a\u6b20\u6e2c\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u3042\u308b\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u6b20\u6e2c\u3059\u308b\u78ba\u7387\u3092\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u306e\u771f\u306e\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u5024\u3084\u3001\u6b20\u6e2c\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u306a\u308b\u672a\u89b3\u6e2c\u306e\u8981\u56e0\uff08\u6f5c\u5728\u5909\u6570\uff09\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u7d44\u307f\u8fbc\u3080\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001<strong>\u5171\u540c\u30e2\u30c7\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0 (Joint Modeling)<\/strong> \u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u6b20\u6e2c\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u540c\u6642\u306b\u63a8\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u6b20\u6e2c\u304c\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u81ea\u4f53\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3057\u3001\u3088\u308a\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u63a8\u5b9a\u3092\u76ee\u6307\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u624b\u6cd5\u306f\u7d71\u8a08\u30bd\u30d5\u30c8\u30a6\u30a7\u30a2\u3067\u5b9f\u88c5\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u8907\u96d1\u3055\u304c\u5897\u3059\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5c02\u9580\u7684\u306a\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u611f\u5ea6\u5206\u6790 (Sensitivity Analysis)<\/strong>\uff1a\u7e26\u65ad\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u7570\u306a\u308bMNAR\u306e\u4eee\u5b9a\u306e\u4e0b\u3067\u306e\u611f\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"biost-3789262345\" class=\"biost- biost-entity-placement\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/kmhl\">\uff1e\uff1e\u3082\u3046\u7d71\u8a08\u3067\u60a9\u3080\u306e\u306f\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u306b\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b\uff1f\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/kmhl\"><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2794 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/bn_r_03.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"327\" \/><\/a>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 20px;\"><strong><span class=\"marker2\">\u21911\u4e07\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u533b\u7642\u5f93\u4e8b\u8005\u304c\u8cfc\u8aad\u4e2d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u307e\u3068\u3081<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b20\u6e2c\u5024\u3078\u306e\u5bfe\u51e6\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5206\u6790\u306e\u8cea\u3092\u5927\u304d\u304f\u5de6\u53f3\u3059\u308b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6b20\u6e2c\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\uff08MAR\u304bMNAR\u304b\uff09\u3001\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u306e\u6e2c\u5b9a\u56de\u6570\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u7684\u3092\u7dcf\u5408\u7684\u306b\u8003\u616e\u3057\u3001\u9069\u5207\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td>\u6b20\u6e2c\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0<\/td><td>\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u6e2c\u5b9a\u56de\u6570<\/td><td>\u4e3b\u306a\u89e3\u6790\u6cd5\u306e\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u4f8b<\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>MAR<\/strong><\/td><td>1\u56de\u3082\u3057\u304f\u306f2\u56de<\/td><td>\u591a\u91cd\u4ee3\u5165\u6cd5 (MI)\u3001\u6700\u5c24\u63a8\u5b9a\u6cd5 (MLE)\u3001\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u30ef\u30a4\u30ba\u524a\u9664\u3001\u30da\u30a2\u30ef\u30a4\u30ba\u524a\u9664<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>MAR<\/strong><\/td><td>3\u56de\u4ee5\u4e0a<\/td><td>\u591a\u91cd\u4ee3\u5165\u6cd5 (MI) with Longitudinal Data\u3001\u6df7\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb (Mixed Models)\u3001\u7dda\u5f62\u6df7\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb (LMM)\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u63a8\u5b9a\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f (GEE)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>MNAR<\/strong><\/td><td>\u3044\u305a\u308c\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3082<\/td><td>\u9078\u629e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb (Selection Models)\u3001\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u6df7\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb (Pattern Mixture Models)\u3001\u611f\u5ea6\u5206\u6790 (Sensitivity Analysis)\u3001Heckman\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3001\u6df7\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u62e1\u5f35 (Extended Mixed Models)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u3042\u308b\u6559\u80b2\u4ecb\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u3001\u751f\u5f92\u306e\u5b66\u529b\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u4ecb\u5165\u524d\u3001\u4ecb\u5165\u5f8c3\u30f6\u6708\u3001\u4ecb\u5165\u5f8c6\u30f6\u6708\u306e3\u56de\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u751f\u5f92\u304c\u9014\u4e2d\u3067\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304f\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u3082\u3057\u3001\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u7406\u7531\u304c\u3001\u6b20\u5e2d\u304c\u591a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306a\u3069\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u89b3\u6e2c\u5909\u6570\uff08\u6b20\u5e2d\u65e5\u6570\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3067\u8aac\u660e\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001<strong>MAR<\/strong>\u3092\u4eee\u5b9a\u3057\u3001<strong>\u7dda\u5f62\u6df7\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb (LMM)<\/strong> \u3084<strong>\u7e26\u65ad\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u7279\u5316\u3057\u305f\u591a\u91cd\u4ee3\u5165\u6cd5 (MI with Longitudinal Data)<\/strong> \u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u3082\u3057\u3001\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u7406\u7531\u304c\u3001\u5b66\u529b\u304c\u4f4e\u3044\u751f\u5f92\u307b\u3069\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u907f\u3051\u308b\u50be\u5411\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306a\u3069\u3001\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u7d50\u679c\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u306b\u8d77\u56e0\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001<strong>MNAR<\/strong>\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3057\u3001<strong>\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u6df7\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb<\/strong>\u3084<strong>\u6df7\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u62e1\u5f35<\/strong>\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066<strong>\u611f\u5ea6\u5206\u6790<\/strong>\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b20\u6e2c\u5024\u306e\u5bfe\u51e6\u6cd5\u306f\u5965\u6df1\u304f\u3001\u5e38\u306b\u9032\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u304c\u3001\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5206\u6790\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6b20\u6e2c\u5024\u306e\u554f\u984c\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u3080\u304d\u3063\u304b\u3051\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u3088\u308a\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3092\u5f97\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u4e00\u52a9\u3068\u306a\u308c\u3070\u5e78\u3044\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7814\u7a76\u3084\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5206\u6790\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6b20\u6e2c\u5024 (Missing Values) \u306f\u907f\u3051\u3066\u901a\u308c\u306a\u3044\u554f\u984c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u304c\u6b20\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5206\u6790\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u304c\u640d\u306a\u308f\u308c\u305f\u308a\u3001\u504f\u3063\u305f\u7d50\u8ad6\u304c\u5c0e\u304d\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u9069\u5207\u306a\u5bfe\u51e6\u6cd5 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"swell_btn_cv_data":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[149],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4125","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-149"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4125","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4125"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4125\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4126,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4125\/revisions\/4126"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4125"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4125"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4125"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}