{"id":4536,"date":"2026-01-01T21:06:45","date_gmt":"2026-01-01T12:06:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/?p=4536"},"modified":"2026-10-24T20:41:05","modified_gmt":"2026-10-24T11:41:05","slug":"how-to-conduct-simulation-based-sample-size-calculation-for-linear-mixed-models","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/entry\/how-to-conduct-simulation-based-sample-size-calculation-for-linear-mixed-models\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7dda\u5f62\u6df7\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u8a08\u7b97\u3092\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u884c\u3046\u65b9\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7814\u7a76\u8a08\u753b\u3092\u7acb\u3066\u308b\u969b\u3001\u907f\u3051\u3066\u901a\u308c\u306a\u3044\u306e\u304c\u76ee\u6a19\u75c7\u4f8b\u6570\uff08\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\uff09\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7279\u306b\u3001\u540c\u4e00\u88ab\u9a13\u8005\u3092\u8907\u6570\u56de\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u300c\u7e26\u65ad\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u300d\u3084\u300c\u53cd\u5fa9\u6e2c\u5b9a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u300d\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u8a08\u7b97\u306f\u4e00\u6c17\u306b\u8907\u96d1\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5f93\u6765\u306e\u6570\u5f0f\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8a08\u7b97\u304c\u56f0\u96e3\u306a\u300c\u7dda\u5f62\u6df7\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u300d\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001R\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u3092\u5c0e\u304d\u51fa\u3059\u624b\u6cd5\u3092\u89e3\u8aac\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7dda\u5f62\u6df7\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u306f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7dda\u5f62\u6df7\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\uff08Linear Mixed Model: LMM\uff09\u3068\u306f\u3001\u89e3\u6790\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u4e2d\u306b<span class=\"swl-marker mark_orange\">\u300c\u56fa\u5b9a\u52b9\u679c\u300d\u3068\u300c\u5909\u91cf\u52b9\u679c\u300d<\/span>\u3092\u540c\u6642\u306b\u7d44\u307f\u8fbc\u3093\u3060\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u56fa\u5b9a\u52b9\u679c<\/strong>: \u85ac\u5264\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u3084\u7d4c\u904e\u6642\u9593\u306a\u3069\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u304c\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306b\u5dee\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u305f\u3044\u4e3b\u305f\u308b\u8981\u56e0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5909\u91cf\u52b9\u679c<\/strong>: \u88ab\u9a13\u8005\u3054\u3068\u306e\u500b\u4f53\u5dee\uff08\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u9ad8\u3055\u3084\u53cd\u5fdc\u6027\u306e\u9055\u3044\uff09\u306a\u3069\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u30d0\u30e9\u30c4\u30ad\u3068\u3057\u3066\u51e6\u7406\u3059\u3079\u304d\u8981\u56e0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7e26\u65ad\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3067\u306f\u300c\u540c\u4e00\u4eba\u7269\u304b\u3089\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u540c\u58eb\u306f\u4f3c\u901a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6027\u8cea\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u4f9d\u5b58\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u9069\u5207\u306b\u51e6\u7406\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u304c\u3001\u6df7\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u6700\u5927\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u8a08\u7b97\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u5c40\u9762<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7279\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\u306e\u304c\u3001\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u300c\u6709\u610f\u5dee\u306a\u3057\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d50\u679c\u306b\u7d42\u308f\u3063\u305f\u4eee\u8aac\u3092\u518d\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6709\u610f\u5dee\u304c\u51fa\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u539f\u56e0\u304c\u300c\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u85ac\u306b\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u306a\u3044\u300d\u305f\u3081\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u300c\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u4e0d\u8db3\u306b\u3088\u308b\u691c\u51fa\u529b\uff08Power\uff09\u306e\u6b20\u5982\u300d\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306a\u306e\u304b\u306f\u3001\u4e8b\u524d\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u306a\u3057\u306b\u306f\u5224\u5225\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002\u7279\u306b\u6cbb\u7642\u52b9\u679c\u306e\u300c\u5909\u5316\u306e\u50be\u5411\uff08\u50be\u304d\uff09\u300d\u306e\u5dee\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5358\u7d14\u306a2\u7fa4\u6bd4\u8f03\u3088\u308a\u3082\u591a\u304f\u306e\u4eba\u6570\u3092\u8981\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u7dbf\u5bc6\u306a\u8a2d\u8a08\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"biost-1960515425\" class=\"biost- biost-entity-placement\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"\u5e83\u544a\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/kmhl\">\uff1e\uff1e\u3082\u3046\u7d71\u8a08\u3067\u60a9\u3080\u306e\u306f\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u306b\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b\uff1f\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/kmhl\"><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2794 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/bn_r_03.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"327\" \/><\/a>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 20px;\"><strong><span class=\"marker2\">\u21911\u4e07\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u533b\u7642\u5f93\u4e8b\u8005\u304c\u8cfc\u8aad\u4e2d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u884c\u3046\u3079\u304d\u7406\u7531<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u306a\u305c\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u7d71\u8a08\u30bd\u30d5\u30c8\u306e\u6570\u5f0f\u5165\u529b\u3067\u306f\u4e0d\u5341\u5206\u306a\u306e\u3060\u308d\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u8907\u96d1\u6027<\/strong>: \u6df7\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u306f\u500b\u4f53\u9593\u30fb\u500b\u4f53\u5185\u306e\u5206\u6563\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u591a\u6570\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3001\u5358\u7d14\u306a\u6570\u5f0f\uff08t\u691c\u5b9a\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3067\u306f\u305d\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u8868\u73fe\u3057\u304d\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u975e\u5b9a\u578b\u306a\u6e2c\u5b9a\u70b9<\/strong>: \u4eca\u56de\u306e\u4f8b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u300c0, 1, 3, 6\u30f6\u6708\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u4e0d\u7b49\u9593\u9694\u306e\u6e2c\u5b9a\u30b9\u30b1\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306a\u3089\u5b9f\u614b\u306b\u5373\u3057\u3066\u67d4\u8edf\u306b\u8a08\u7b97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u73fe\u5b9f\u7684\u306a\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u53cd\u6620<\/strong>: \u5c06\u6765\u7684\u306b\u4e88\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u8131\u843d\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u7d44\u307f\u8fbc\u307f\u306a\u3069\u3001\u5b9f\u52d9\u306b\u5373\u3057\u305f\u30ab\u30b9\u30bf\u30de\u30a4\u30ba\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u3067\u306e\u5b9f\u8df5\u4f8b\uff1asimr\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u6d3b\u7528<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u306e <code>simr<\/code> \u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308c\u3070\u3001\u69cb\u7bc9\u3057\u305f\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u30e2\u30f3\u30c6\u30ab\u30eb\u30ed\u30fb\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u56de\u3057\u3001\u691c\u51fa\u529b\u3092\u7b97\u51fa\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b\u30014\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\u3092\u60f3\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u9aa8\u683c\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u307e\u305a\u3001\u30c0\u30df\u30fc\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u300c\u89e3\u6790\u3057\u305f\u3044\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u5f62\u300d\u3092R\u306b\u6559\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u6e96\u5099\uff08\u672a\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306e\u307f\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\uff09\npkgs &lt;- c(\"lme4\", \"simr\", \"lmerTest\")\nfor (p in pkgs) if (!requireNamespace(p, quietly = TRUE)) install.packages(p)\nlibrary(lme4)\nlibrary(simr)\n\n# 10\u4eba\u5206\u306e\u30c0\u30df\u30fc\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\uff080, 1, 3, 6\u30f6\u6708\uff09\ndat &lt;- expand.grid(time = c(0, 1, 3, 6), id = factor(1:10))\ndat$group &lt;- factor(rep(c(\"Old\", \"New\"), each = 20),\n                    levels = c(\"Old\", \"New\"))  # \u5f93\u6765\u85ac\uff08Old\uff09\u3092\u57fa\u6e96\u7fa4\u306b\u3059\u308b\nset.seed(123)\n# \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u300c\u578b\u300d\u3092\u4f5c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u4eee\u306e\u5024\uff08\u6570\u5024\u306f\u624b\u98062\u3067\u3059\u3079\u3066\u4e0a\u66f8\u304d\u3055\u308c\u308b\uff09\ndat$score &lt;- rnorm(10, sd = 0.8)&#91;dat$id] + rnorm(nrow(dat), sd = 1.2)\n\nmodel &lt;- lmer(score ~ time * group + (1 | id), data = dat)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>factor()<\/code>\u00a0\u306e\u6c34\u6e96\u306f\u30a2\u30eb\u30d5\u30a1\u30d9\u30c3\u30c8\u9806\u306b\u4e26\u3076\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4f55\u3082\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3068 New\uff08\u65b0\u85ac\uff09\u304c\u57fa\u6e96\u7fa4\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u00a0<code>levels<\/code>\u00a0\u3067\u5f93\u6765\u85ac\uff08Old\uff09\u3092\u5148\u982d\u306b\u3057\u3001\u300c\u5f93\u6765\u85ac\u3068\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u65b0\u85ac\u306e\u50be\u304d\u304c\u3069\u308c\u3060\u3051\u9055\u3046\u304b\u300d\u3092\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u00a0<code>time:groupNew<\/code>\u00a0\u3067\u8868\u305b\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\uff08\u52b9\u679c\u91cf\u3068\u3070\u3089\u3064\u304d\uff09\u306e\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u3053\u304c\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5148\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u306a\u3069\u3092\u53c2\u8003\u306b\u3001<span class=\"swl-marker mark_orange\">\u300c\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u3053\u308c\u304f\u3089\u3044\u306e\u5dee\u306f\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u3044\u300d<\/span>\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6570\u5024\u3092\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u6ce8\u5165\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3059\u3067\u306b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u3088\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \u56fa\u5b9a\u52b9\u679c\uff08\u4fc2\u6570\uff09\u306e\u8a2d\u5b9a\n# 6\u30f6\u6708\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u65b0\u85ac\u304c\u5f93\u6765\u85ac\u3088\u308a\u300c1.2\u300d\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u304c\u6539\u5584\u3059\u308b\u3068\u4eee\u5b9a\uff08\u50be\u304d\u306e\u5dee = 1.2\/6 = 0.2\uff09\nfixef(model) &lt;- c(\n  \"(Intercept)\"   = 10,    # \u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u70b9\uff08\u5f93\u6765\u85ac\u7fa4\uff09\n  \"time\"          = -0.1,  # \u5f93\u6765\u85ac\u306e\u81ea\u7136\u306a\u5909\u5316\uff081\u30f6\u6708\u3042\u305f\u308a\uff09\n  \"groupNew\"      = 0,     # \u958b\u59cb\u6642\u70b9\u306e\u7fa4\u9593\u5dee\n  \"time:groupNew\" = 0.2    # \u3010\u91cd\u8981\u3011\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u3044\u300c\u50be\u304d\u306e\u5dee\u300d\n)\n# \u8aa4\u5dee\uff08\u3070\u3089\u3064\u304d\uff09\u306e\u8a2d\u5b9a\nsigma(model) &lt;- 1.2                 # \u6b8b\u5deeSD\uff08\u500b\u4f53\u5185\u306e\u5909\u52d5\uff09\nVarCorr(model) &lt;- list(id = 0.8^2)  # \u500b\u4f53\u5dee\uff08\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u5207\u7247\u306e\u5206\u6563 = SD 0.8 \u306e2\u4e57\uff09\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u306e\u62e1\u5f35\u3068\u8a66\u884c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4eba\u6570\u3092\u5897\u3084\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u300180%\u306e\u691c\u51fa\u529b\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u308b\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u63a2\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \u4e21\u7fa4\u5408\u8a08100\u4eba\u307e\u3067\u62e1\u5f35\u3057\u300120\u301c100\u4eba\u309210\u4eba\u523b\u307f\u3067\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\nmodel_ext &lt;- extend(model, along = \"id\", n = 100)\n\nset.seed(2026)\npc &lt;- powerCurve(model_ext,\n                 test   = fixed(\"time:groupNew\", \"t\"),  # Satterthwaite \u8fd1\u4f3c\u306e t \u691c\u5b9a\uff08lmerTest \u3092\u5229\u7528\uff09\n                 along  = \"id\",\n                 breaks = seq(20, 100, by = 10),\n                 nsim   = 100)   # \u8a66\u3057\u5b9f\u884c\u306f 100 \u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u5224\u65ad\u306f 1000 \u4ee5\u4e0a\u3092\u63a8\u5968\nprint(pc)\nplot(pc)\n\n# simr \u306e\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u5f8c\u306b\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u308b offset \u3068 weights \u3092\u524a\u9664\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\nrm(list = intersect(c(\"offset\", \"weights\"), ls()))<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"560\" src=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4977\" srcset=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-7.png 800w, https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-7-300x210.png 300w, https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-7-767x537.png 767w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u30d1\u30ef\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u30d6\uff08nsim = 1000\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>breaks<\/code>\u00a0\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3001\u6700\u5c0f\u306e\u70b9\u304c\u300c3\u4eba\u300d\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u30c0\u30df\u30fc\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3067\u306f1\u301c5\u756a\u76ee\u306e id \u304c\u3059\u3079\u3066\u5f93\u6765\u85ac\u7fa4\u306a\u306e\u3067\u30013\u4eba\u3067\u306f\u7247\u65b9\u306e\u7fa4\u3057\u304b\u5b58\u5728\u305b\u305a\u3001\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3092\u63a8\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\uff08100\u56de\u3059\u3079\u3066\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u306b\u306a\u308b\uff09\u300210\u4eba\u523b\u307f\u306b\u3057\u3066\u304a\u3051\u3070\u3001\u3069\u306e\u70b9\u3067\u3082\u4e21\u7fa4\u304c 1:1 \u306b\u4fdd\u305f\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u203b\u30b3\u30e9\u30e0\uff1asimr \u3092\u56de\u3059\u3068\u00a0<code>offset<\/code>\u00a0\u3068\u00a0<code>weights<\/code>\u00a0\u304c\u73fe\u308c\u308b<\/strong>\u00a0<code>powerSim()<\/code>\u00a0\u3084\u00a0<code>powerCurve()<\/code>\u00a0\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u00a0<code>offset<\/code>\u00a0\u3068\u00a0<code>weights<\/code>\u00a0\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u304c\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f R \u672c\u4f53\u306e\u00a0<code>stats::offset()<\/code>\u30fb<code>stats::weights()<\/code>\u00a0\u3068\u540c\u3058\u540d\u524d\u3067\u3001\u3044\u308f\u3070\u300c\u672c\u7269\u306e\u9053\u5177\u7bb1\u306e\u6a2a\u306b\u3001\u540c\u3058\u30e9\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u7a7a\u304d\u7bb1\u304c\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u300d\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u76f4\u3061\u306b\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u306b\u306a\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u5f8c\u3067\u00a0<code>weights<\/code>\u00a0\u3092\u5f15\u6570\u306b\u4f7f\u3046\u89e3\u6790\u3092\u3057\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u9055\u3048\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3046\u308b\u3002\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304c\u7d42\u308f\u3063\u305f\u3089\u00a0<code>rm()<\/code>\u00a0\u3067\u7247\u4ed8\u3051\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3068\u5b89\u5fc3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u540c\u3058\u7406\u7531\u3067\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u540d\u306b\u00a0<code>df<\/code>\uff08F\u5206\u5e03\u306e\u5bc6\u5ea6\u95a2\u6570\u3068\u540c\u540d\uff09\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u306e\u3082\u907f\u3051\u305f\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u89e3\u91c8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\uff08\u6a2a\u8ef8\uff09\u3068\u691c\u51fa\u529b\uff08\u7e26\u8ef8\uff09\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u793a\u3059<span class=\"swl-marker mark_orange\">\u300c\u30d1\u30ef\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u30d6\u300d<\/span>\u304c\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u9752\u3044\u70b9\uff08\u70b9\u63a8\u5b9a\u5024\uff09<\/strong>: \u5404\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u4e0a\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u7684\u306a\u691c\u51fa\u529b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\uff0895%\u4fe1\u983c\u533a\u9593\uff09<\/strong>: \u8a66\u884c\u56de\u6570\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u63a8\u5b9a\u306e\u5e45\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6a2a\u8ef8\u306e\u300cnumber of levels in id\u300d\u306f id \u306e\u6570\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a<strong>\u4e21\u7fa4\u3092\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u4eba\u6570<\/strong>\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5b9f\u52d9\u7684\u306b\u306f\u3001\u300c\u4fe1\u983c\u533a\u9593\u306e\u4e0b\u9650\u304c\u76ee\u6a19\u3068\u3059\u308b\u691c\u51fa\u529b\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u306b80%\uff09\u3092\u5b89\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u4e0a\u56de\u308b\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u300d\u3092\u5fc5\u8981\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63a1\u7528\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u3001\u6700\u3082\u5805\u5b9f\u306a\u5224\u65ad\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4e0a\u8a18\u306e\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3067 nsim = 1000 \u3068\u3057\u3066\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u4e0b\u9650\u304c80%\u3092\u521d\u3081\u3066\u8d85\u3048\u308b\u306e\u306f\u4e21\u7fa4\u5408\u8a0860\u4eba\uff08\u691c\u51fa\u529b83.1%\u300195%\u4fe1\u983c\u533a\u9593 80.6\u301c85.4%\uff09\u3060\u304c\u3001\u304e\u308a\u304e\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4f59\u88d5\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u4e0a\u56de\u308b\u4e21\u7fa4\u5408\u8a0870\u4eba\uff08\u5404\u7fa435\u4eba\u3001\u691c\u51fa\u529b89.7%\u300195%\u4fe1\u983c\u533a\u9593 87.7\u301c91.5%\uff09\u3092\u63a1\u7528\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u5b89\u5168\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u306a\u304a\u3001nsim = 100 \u306e\u307e\u307e\u3067\u306f\u4fe1\u983c\u533a\u9593\u304c\u5e83\u304f\u3001\u5b9f\u884c\u306e\u305f\u3073\u306b\u7d50\u8ad6\u304c\u63fa\u308c\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3002\u76ee\u5b89\u3092\u3064\u304b\u3080\u6bb5\u968e\u3067\u306f100\u56de\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u6c7a\u5b9a\u306e\u524d\u306b\u306f1000\u56de\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3067\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3088\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u30c9\u30ed\u30c3\u30d7\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3057\u305f\u5b9f\u52d9\u7684\u306a\u5224\u65ad<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u7b97\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f $n$ \u306f\u3001\u89e3\u6790\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u306a\u308b\u300c\u6709\u52b9\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u6570\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u6ce8\u610f\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u81e8\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u306f\u5fc5\u305a\u8131\u843d\uff08\u30c9\u30ed\u30c3\u30d7\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\uff09\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u3067\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306a\u52df\u96c6\u4eba\u6570\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4e88\u6e2c\u8131\u843d\u7387\u306e\u7b97\u51fa<\/strong>: \u5148\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u6e2c\u5b9a\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u306e\u8131\u843d\u7387\u3092\u4e88\u6e2c\u3059\u308b\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a20%\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u76ee\u6a19\u52df\u96c6\u4eba\u6570\u306e\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/strong>: <code>\u5fc5\u8981\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba \u00f7 (1 - \u8131\u843d\u7387)<\/code>\u3002\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4f8b\uff1a\u8a08\u7b97\u4e0a\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6570\u304c70\u4eba\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001$70 \\div 0.8 = 87.5$\u3002\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001<strong>90\u4eba<\/strong>\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3092\u30ea\u30af\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u59a5\u5f53\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u306a\u304a\u3001\u7dda\u5f62\u6df7\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u9014\u4e2d\u3067\u8131\u843d\u3057\u305f\u4eba\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3082\u3001\u305d\u3053\u307e\u3067\u306e\u6e2c\u5b9a\u5024\u3092\u89e3\u6790\u306b\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u300c\u00f7(1 \u2212 \u8131\u843d\u7387)\u300d\u306f\u5b89\u5168\u5074\uff08\u591a\u3081\uff09\u306e\u898b\u7a4d\u3082\u308a\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3088\u308a\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u898b\u7a4d\u3082\u308a\u305f\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u8131\u843d\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u8fbc\u3093\u3060\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3067\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3088\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u82f1\u6587\u30c6\u30f3\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u6570\u5024\u306f\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u306e\u8a2d\u5b9a\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u60f3\u5b9a\u5024\u3068\u3001\u624b\u5143\u3067\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u306b\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3066\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Methods\uff08Sample size\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The sample size was determined by simulation-based power analysis using the simr package (version 1.0.11) in R (version 4.5). We assumed a linear mixed-effects model with fixed effects of time, treatment group, and their interaction, and a random intercept for participants, with outcome assessments at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months. Based on previous studies, we assumed a difference in the rate of change between groups of 0.2 points per month (corresponding to a 1.2-point difference at 6 months), a between-participant standard deviation of 0.8, and a residual standard deviation of 1.2. The group-by-time interaction was tested using a t-test with Satterthwaite&#8217;s approximation for degrees of freedom at a two-sided significance level of 0.05. Based on 1,000 simulations, a total of 70 participants (35 per group) was required to achieve at least 80% power, where the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval for the estimated power exceeded 80%. Allowing for an anticipated dropout rate of 20%, we planned to enroll 90 participants (45 per group).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u548c\u8a33<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u306f\u3001R\uff08version 4.5\uff09\u306e simr \u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\uff08version 1.0.11\uff09\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u3088\u308b\u691c\u51fa\u529b\u5206\u6790\u3067\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u3002\u6642\u9593\u30fb\u6cbb\u7642\u7fa4\u30fb\u305d\u306e\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3092\u56fa\u5b9a\u52b9\u679c\u3001\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u306e\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u5207\u7247\u3092\u5909\u91cf\u52b9\u679c\u3068\u3059\u308b\u7dda\u5f62\u6df7\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u60f3\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u8a55\u4fa1\u6642\u70b9\u306f\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u30011\u30013\u30016\u30f6\u6708\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5148\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u7fa4\u9593\u306e\u5909\u5316\u901f\u5ea6\u306e\u5dee\u3092 1\u30f6\u6708\u3042\u305f\u308a 0.2\u70b9\uff086\u30f6\u6708\u6642\u70b9\u3067 1.2\u70b9\u306e\u5dee\u306b\u76f8\u5f53\uff09\u3001\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u9593\u306e\u6a19\u6e96\u504f\u5dee\u3092 0.8\u3001\u6b8b\u5dee\u6a19\u6e96\u504f\u5dee\u3092 1.2 \u3068\u4eee\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u3002\u7fa4\u00d7\u6642\u9593\u306e\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u306f\u3001Satterthwaite \u8fd1\u4f3c\u306b\u3088\u308b\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f t \u691c\u5b9a\uff08\u4e21\u5074\u6709\u610f\u6c34\u6e96 0.05\uff09\u3067\u691c\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u30021,000\u56de\u306e\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u63a8\u5b9a\u691c\u51fa\u529b\u306e 95%\u4fe1\u983c\u533a\u9593\u306e\u4e0b\u9650\u304c 80% \u3092\u4e0a\u56de\u308b\u4eba\u6570\u306f\u5408\u8a08 70 \u4eba\uff08\u5404\u7fa4 35 \u4eba\uff09\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u300220% \u306e\u8131\u843d\u3092\u898b\u8fbc\u307f\u3001\u767b\u9332\u76ee\u6a19\u6570\u3092 90 \u4eba\uff08\u5404\u7fa4 45 \u4eba\uff09\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u307e\u3068\u3081<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7dda\u5f62\u6df7\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u8a08\u7b97\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u6975\u3081\u3066\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u6b66\u5668\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>simr<\/strong> \u7b49\u306e\u30c4\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u3001\u5b9f\u614b\u306b\u5373\u3057\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u8a66\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5358\u306a\u308b\u5e73\u5747\u5024\u306e\u5dee\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001<span class=\"swl-marker mark_orange\">\u300c\u6642\u9593\u306e\u7d4c\u904e\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u7fa4\u9593\u5dee\uff08\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff09\u300d<\/span>\u3092\u30bf\u30fc\u30b2\u30c3\u30c8\u306b\u636e\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u30d1\u30ef\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u30d6\u306e<strong>\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306e\u4e0b\u9650<\/strong>\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u4f59\u88d5\u3092\u6301\u3063\u305f\u8a08\u753b\u3092\u7acb\u3066\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306a\u88cf\u4ed8\u3051\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u8a2d\u8a08\u3053\u305d\u304c\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u4fa1\u5024\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3065\u3051\u308b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e00\u62ec\u30b3\u30d4\u30da\u7528R\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30d7\u30c8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># ============================================================\n# \u7dda\u5f62\u6df7\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u8a08\u7b97\uff08simr \u306b\u3088\u308b\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\uff09\n# \u4e00\u62ec\u30b3\u30d4\u30da\u7528\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30d7\u30c8\n# ============================================================\n\n# \u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u6e96\u5099\uff08\u672a\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306e\u307f\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\uff09\npkgs &lt;- c(\"lme4\", \"simr\", \"lmerTest\")\nfor (p in pkgs) if (!requireNamespace(p, quietly = TRUE)) install.packages(p)\nlibrary(lme4)\nlibrary(simr)\n\n# 1. \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9 ------------------------------------------\n# 10\u4eba\u5206\u306e\u30c0\u30df\u30fc\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\uff080, 1, 3, 6\u30f6\u6708\uff09\n# \u203b \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u540d\u3092 df \u306b\u3059\u308b\u3068 stats::df()\uff08F\u5206\u5e03\u306e\u5bc6\u5ea6\u95a2\u6570\uff09\u3068\u540d\u524d\u304c\u885d\u7a81\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081 dat \u3068\u3059\u308b\ndat &lt;- expand.grid(time = c(0, 1, 3, 6), id = factor(1:10))\ndat$group &lt;- factor(rep(c(\"Old\", \"New\"), each = 20),\n                    levels = c(\"Old\", \"New\"))  # \u5f93\u6765\u85ac\uff08Old\uff09\u3092\u57fa\u6e96\u7fa4\u306b\u3059\u308b\nset.seed(123)\n# \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u300c\u578b\u300d\u3092\u4f5c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u4eee\u306e\u5024\uff08\u6570\u5024\u306f\u624b\u98062\u3067\u3059\u3079\u3066\u4e0a\u66f8\u304d\u3055\u308c\u308b\uff09\ndat$score &lt;- rnorm(10, sd = 0.8)&#91;dat$id] + rnorm(nrow(dat), sd = 1.2)\n\nmodel &lt;- lmer(score ~ time * group + (1 | id), data = dat)\n\n# 2. \u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\uff08\u52b9\u679c\u91cf\u3068\u3070\u3089\u3064\u304d\uff09\u306e\u8a2d\u5b9a ----------------------\n# 6\u30f6\u6708\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u65b0\u85ac\u304c\u5f93\u6765\u85ac\u3088\u308a\u300c1.2\u300d\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u304c\u6539\u5584\u3059\u308b\u3068\u4eee\u5b9a\uff08\u50be\u304d\u306e\u5dee = 1.2\/6 = 0.2\uff09\nfixef(model) &lt;- c(\n  \"(Intercept)\"   = 10,    # \u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u70b9\uff08\u5f93\u6765\u85ac\u7fa4\uff09\n  \"time\"          = -0.1,  # \u5f93\u6765\u85ac\u306e\u81ea\u7136\u306a\u5909\u5316\uff081\u30f6\u6708\u3042\u305f\u308a\uff09\n  \"groupNew\"      = 0,     # \u958b\u59cb\u6642\u70b9\u306e\u7fa4\u9593\u5dee\n  \"time:groupNew\" = 0.2    # \u3010\u91cd\u8981\u3011\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u3044\u300c\u50be\u304d\u306e\u5dee\u300d\n)\nsigma(model) &lt;- 1.2                 # \u6b8b\u5deeSD\uff08\u500b\u4f53\u5185\u306e\u5909\u52d5\uff09\nVarCorr(model) &lt;- list(id = 0.8^2)  # \u500b\u4f53\u5dee\uff08\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u5207\u7247\u306e\u5206\u6563 = SD 0.8 \u306e2\u4e57\uff09\n\n# 3. \u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u306e\u62e1\u5f35\u3068\u8a66\u884c --------------------------------\n# \u4e21\u7fa4\u5408\u8a08100\u4eba\u307e\u3067\u62e1\u5f35\u3057\u300120\u301c100\u4eba\u309210\u4eba\u523b\u307f\u3067\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\nmodel_ext &lt;- extend(model, along = \"id\", n = 100)\n\nset.seed(2026)\npc &lt;- powerCurve(model_ext,\n                 test   = fixed(\"time:groupNew\", \"t\"),  # Satterthwaite \u8fd1\u4f3c\u306e t \u691c\u5b9a\uff08lmerTest \u3092\u5229\u7528\uff09\n                 along  = \"id\",\n                 breaks = seq(20, 100, by = 10),\n                 nsim   = 1000)   # \u8a66\u3057\u5b9f\u884c\u306f 100 \u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u5224\u65ad\u306f 1000 \u4ee5\u4e0a\u3092\u63a8\u5968\u3002nsim = 1000 \u3067\u5b9f\u884c\u6642\u9593\u306f\u6570\u5206\u7a0b\u5ea6\nprint(pc)\nplot(pc)\n\n# 4. \u5f8c\u7247\u4ed8\u3051 --------------------------------------------------\n# simr \u306e\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u5f8c\u3001\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u74b0\u5883\u306b offset \u3068 weights \u3068\u3044\u3046\n# \u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u304c\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u3001stats::offset() \/ stats::weights() \u3068\u540d\u524d\u304c\u885d\u7a81\u3059\u308b\u3002\n# \u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u89e3\u6790\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u524a\u9664\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\nrm(list = intersect(c(\"offset\", \"weights\"), ls()))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Green P, MacLeod CJ. SIMR: an R package for power analysis of generalized linear mixed models by simulation.\u00a0<em>Methods in Ecology and Evolution<\/em>. 2016;7(4):493\u2013498.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/2041-210X.12504\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/2041-210X.12504<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kumle L, V\u00f5 ML-H, Draschkow D. Estimating power in (generalized) linear mixed models: An open introduction and tutorial in R.\u00a0<em>Behavior Research Methods<\/em>. 2021;53(6):2528\u20132543.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8613146\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8613146\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u304a\u3059\u3059\u3081\u66f8\u7c4d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/4smVlcI\">\u8ab0\u3082\u6559\u3048\u3066\u304f\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3000\u533b\u7642\u7d71\u8a08\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u5206\u3051\u301c\u8ff7\u3044\u3084\u3059\u3044\u89e3\u6790\u624b\u6cd5\u306e\u9078\u3073\u65b9\u304c\uff0cR\u3067\u5b9f\u611f\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u308f\u304b\u308b\uff01<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7814\u7a76\u8a08\u753b\u3092\u7acb\u3066\u308b\u969b\u3001\u907f\u3051\u3066\u901a\u308c\u306a\u3044\u306e\u304c\u76ee\u6a19\u75c7\u4f8b\u6570\uff08\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\uff09\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7279\u306b\u3001\u540c\u4e00\u88ab\u9a13\u8005\u3092\u8907\u6570\u56de\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u300c\u7e26\u65ad\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u300d\u3084\u300c\u53cd\u5fa9\u6e2c\u5b9a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u300d\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u8a08\u7b97\u306f\u4e00\u6c17\u306b\u8907\u96d1\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002 \u672c\u8a18\u4e8b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4977,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"swell_btn_cv_data":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4536","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-16"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-7.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4536","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4536"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4536\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4978,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4536\/revisions\/4978"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4977"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4536"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4536"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4536"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}