{"id":4575,"date":"2026-03-22T13:22:54","date_gmt":"2026-03-22T04:22:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/?p=4575"},"modified":"2026-03-22T13:22:56","modified_gmt":"2026-03-22T04:22:56","slug":"before-you-ask-for-significant-differences-or-p-values-what-to-know-to-keep-your-stats-software-happy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/entry\/before-you-ask-for-significant-differences-or-p-values-what-to-know-to-keep-your-stats-software-happy\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7d71\u8a08\u30bd\u30d5\u30c8\u3092\u56f0\u3089\u305b\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3002\u300c\u6709\u610f\u5dee\u300d\u3068\u300cP\u5024\u300d\u306e\u524d\u306b\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u304a\u304d\u305f\u3044\u3053\u3068"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u7d71\u8a08\u3092\u5b66\u3073\u59cb\u3081\u305f\u3070\u304b\u308a\u306e\u9803\u3001\u8ab0\u3082\u304c\u4e00\u5ea6\u306f\u300c\u3053\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u5024\u306b\u6709\u610f\u5dee\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304b\uff1f\u300d\u3068\u554f\u3044\u304b\u3051\u305f\u308a\u3001\u300c\u3068\u308a\u3042\u3048\u305a\u7d71\u8a08\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066P\u5024\u3092\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u300d\u3068\u9858\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u7d71\u8a08\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u3084\u30b3\u30f3\u30b5\u30eb\u30bf\u30f3\u30c8\u306b\u3053\u306e\u8cea\u554f\u3092\u6295\u3052\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u5c11\u3057\u56f0\u3063\u305f\u9854\u3092\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u610f\u5730\u60aa\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001<strong>\u7d71\u8a08\u5b66\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u300d\u3092\u52d5\u304b\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306e\u71c3\u6599\uff08\u6750\u6599\uff09\u304c\u8db3\u308a\u306a\u3044<\/strong>\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4eca\u56de\u306f\u3001\u521d\u5fc3\u8005\u304c\u3064\u3044\u3064\u3044\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u300c\u9b54\u6cd5\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u300d\u306e\u6b63\u4f53\u3092\u7d10\u89e3\u304d\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u4fa1\u5024\u3042\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306b\u5909\u3048\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u3092\u6574\u7406\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr 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class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u6bd4\u55a9\u3067\u8003\u3048\u308b\uff1a\u30ea\u30f3\u30b4\u306e\u91cd\u3055<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u76ee\u306e\u524d\u306b150g\u306e\u30ea\u30f3\u30b4\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u300c\u3053\u306e\u30ea\u30f3\u30b4\u306f\u91cd\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff08\u6709\u610f\u306a\u5dee\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304b\uff09\uff1f\u300d\u3068\u805e\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3082\u3001\u8ab0\u3082\u7b54\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u300c\u30b9\u30fc\u30d1\u30fc\u3067\u58f2\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5e73\u5747\u7684\u306a\u30ea\u30f3\u30b4\uff08100g\uff09\u300d\u3068\u6bd4\u3079\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u300c\u6628\u65e5\u8cb7\u3063\u305f\u7279\u5927\u306e\u30ea\u30f3\u30b4\uff08200g\uff09\u300d\u3068\u6bd4\u3079\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3002<span class=\"swl-marker mark_orange\">\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u76f8\u624b\uff08\u30e2\u30ce\u30b5\u30b7\uff09<\/span>\u304c\u6c7a\u307e\u3063\u3066\u521d\u3081\u3066\u3001\u91cd\u3044\u304b\u8efd\u3044\u304b\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u304c\u59cb\u307e\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7d71\u8a08\u5b66\u3067\u300c\u6709\u610f\u5dee\u304c\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u8a00\u3044\u305f\u3044\u3068\u304d\u306f\u3001\u307e\u305a\u300c\u4f55\u3068\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046<span class=\"swl-marker mark_orange\">\u6bd4\u8f03\u5bfe\u8c61\uff08\u57fa\u6e96\u5024\u3084\u5bfe\u7167\u7fa4\uff09<\/span>\u3092\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u3067\u7528\u610f\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u5024\u306f\u300c\u305f\u307e\u305f\u307e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u300d\u306e\u8a3c\u660e\u66f8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u300c\u3068\u306b\u304b\u304f\u7d71\u8a08\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066P\u5024\u3092\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8981\u671b\u3082\u591a\u3044\u3002P\u5024\u3055\u3048\u51fa\u308c\u3070\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u300c\u6b63\u89e3\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8a3c\u660e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6c17\u304c\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3060\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001P\u5024\u306f\u4e07\u80fd\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u6a5f\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u6bd4\u55a9\u3067\u8003\u3048\u308b\uff1a\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u30b9\u30ed\u30fc\u306e\u6210\u529f\u7387<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>P\u5024\u3068\u306f\u3001\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u8a00\u3048\u3070<span class=\"swl-marker 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wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u5168\u54e1\u304c75\u70b9\u3092\u53d6\u3063\u305f\u300c\u5e73\u574775\u70b9\u300d\u306e\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u3068\u30010\u70b9\u304b\u3089150\u70b9\u307e\u3067\u6fc0\u3057\u304f\u6563\u3089\u3070\u3063\u305f\u672b\u306e\u300c\u5e73\u574775\u70b9\u300d\u306e\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u540c\u3058\u5e73\u5747\u70b9\u3067\u3082\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u300c\u5b89\u5b9a\u611f\u300d\u306f\u5168\u304f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7d71\u8a08\u5b66\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30d0\u30e9\u30c4\u30ad\u3092\u898b\u3066\u300c\u305d\u306e\u5dee\u304c\u672c\u7269\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3068\u3082\u8aa4\u5dee\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u5185\u306a\u306e\u304b\u300d\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u5224\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\uff08N=1\uff09\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u5024\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30d0\u30e9\u30c4\u30ad\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u7d71\u8a08\u5b66\u306f\u6c88\u9ed9\u305b\u3056\u308b\u3092\u5f97\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr 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