{"id":4664,"date":"2026-08-07T13:03:40","date_gmt":"2026-08-07T04:03:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/?p=4664"},"modified":"2026-08-07T13:03:40","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T04:03:40","slug":"when-smd-wont-drop-in-propensity-score-weighting-practical-techniques-to-improve-balance-in-r-iptw-analysis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/entry\/when-smd-wont-drop-in-propensity-score-weighting-practical-techniques-to-improve-balance-in-r-iptw-analysis\/","title":{"rendered":"\u50be\u5411\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u91cd\u307f\u4ed8\u3051\u3067SMD\u304c\u4e0b\u304c\u3089\u306a\u3044\uff01R\u306eIPTW\u89e3\u6790\u3067\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u5287\u7684\u306b\u6539\u5584\u3059\u308b\u5b9f\u8df5\u30c6\u30af\u30cb\u30c3\u30af"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7814\u7a76\u8005<\/strong>: \u50be\u5411\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u9006\u78ba\u7387\u91cd\u307f\u4ed8\u3051\uff08IPTW\uff09\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u5171\u5909\u91cf\u3067\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u5e73\u5747\u5dee\uff08SMD\uff09\u304c 0.1 \u672a\u6e80\u306b\u306a\u3089\u305a\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u53d6\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u2026\u2026\u3002\u50be\u5411\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u306f\u5909\u6570\u3092\u6295\u5165\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3069\u3046\u89e3\u6c7a\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff1f<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7d71\u8a08ER<\/strong>: \u5358\u7d14\u306a\u4e8c\u9805\u30ed\u30b8\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u56de\u5e30\u3067\u306f\u975e\u7dda\u5f62\u6027\u3084\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3092\u6349\u3048\u304d\u308c\u305a\u3001\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u5d29\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3088\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff01<code>WeightIt<\/code> \u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u3066\u9ad8\u6b21\u9805\u306e\u8ffd\u52a0\u3001\u30c8\u30ea\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u3001CBPS\/GBM\u306a\u3069\u306e\u6a5f\u68b0\u5b66\u7fd2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3078\u306e\u5909\u66f4\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30c0\u30d6\u30eb\u30ed\u30d0\u30b9\u30c8\u63a8\u5b9a\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u89e3\u6c7a\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3088\u3002\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u3067\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\uff01<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u81e8\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u3084\u89b3\u5bdf\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u50be\u5411\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u9006\u78ba\u7387\u91cd\u307f\u4ed8\u3051\uff08IPTW\uff09\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u305f\u969b\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u58c1\u306b\u3076\u3061\u5f53\u305f\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3060\u308d\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u300c\u91cd\u307f\u4ed8\u3051\u5f8c\u306e\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u5e73\u5747\u5dee\uff08SMD\uff09\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u5909\u6570\u3067 <strong>0.1<\/strong> \u3092\u4e0b\u56de\u3089\u306a\u3044\u300d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u300c\u5e74\u9f62\u3084\u91cd\u75c7\u5ea6\u306a\u3069\u3001\u6700\u3082\u4ea4\u7d61\u3092\u8abf\u6574\u3057\u305f\u3044\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u5b50\u306b\u9650\u3063\u3066\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\uff08\u30e9\u30d6\u30d7\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\uff09\u304c\u5d29\u308c\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u300d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u300c\u5358\u7d14\u306a\u4e8c\u9805\u30ed\u30b8\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u56de\u5e30\u3067\u50be\u5411\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u3092\u7b97\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u80cc\u666f\u56e0\u5b50\u304c\u7dba\u9e97\u306b\u63c3\u308f\u306a\u3044\u300d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">IPTW\u89e3\u6790\u306e\u59a5\u5f53\u6027\u306f\u3001<strong>\u300c\u91cd\u307f\u4ed8\u3051\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6cbb\u7642\u7fa4\u9593\u306e\u5171\u5909\u91cf\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u5341\u5206\u306b\u8abf\u6574\u3055\u308c\u305f\u304b\uff08\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306eSMD &lt; 0.1\uff09\u300d<\/strong> \u306b\u5927\u304d\u304f\u4f9d\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u3092\u6b8b\u3057\u305f\u307e\u307e\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u89e3\u6790\u3078\u9032\u3080\u3068\u3001\u6b8b\u5b58\u4ea4\u7d61\uff08Residual Confounding\uff09\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6b6a\u3093\u3060\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u5c0e\u304d\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u5358\u306b\u50be\u5411\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u5909\u6570\u3092\u653e\u308a\u8fbc\u3080\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u53d6\u308c\u306a\u3044\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u306f\u73cd\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001<strong>IPTW\u3067\u5171\u5909\u91cf\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u5d29\u308c\u308b3\u5927\u539f\u56e0<\/strong>\u3092\u6574\u7406\u3057\u3001\u624b\u5143\u306eR\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u8a66\u305b\u308b\u300c5\u3064\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u51e6\u65b9\u7b8b\uff08\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u62e1\u5f35\u30fb\u30c8\u30ea\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u30fb\u6a5f\u68b0\u5b66\u7fd2GBM\/CBPS\u30fb\u30c0\u30d6\u30eb\u30ed\u30d0\u30b9\u30c8\u7b49\uff09\u300d\u3092\u5206\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u304f\u89e3\u8aac\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u306a\u305cIPTW\u3067\u300c\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u53d6\u308c\u306a\u3044\uff08\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\uff09\u300d\u304c\u8d77\u304d\u308b\u306e\u304b\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51e6\u65b9\u7b8b\u3092\u8a66\u3059\u524d\u306b\u3001\u307e\u305a\u306f\u306a\u305c\u80cc\u666f\u56e0\u5b50\u306e\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u53d6\u308c\u306a\u3044\u306e\u304b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3092\u628a\u63e1\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4e3b\u306a\u7406\u7531\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e3\u70b9\u306b\u96c6\u7d04\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u539f\u56e01. \u50be\u5411\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u7b97\u51fa\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\uff08\u30ed\u30b8\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u56de\u5e30\uff09\u306e\u6307\u5b9a\u8aa4\u308a\uff08Mis-specification\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6700\u3082\u591a\u3044\u539f\u56e0\u304c\u3001\u50be\u5411\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u3092\u7b97\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u4e8c\u9805\u30ed\u30b8\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u56de\u5e30\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u6307\u5b9a\u8aa4\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a\u30ed\u30b8\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u56de\u5e30\u306f\u3001\u5171\u5909\u91cf\u3068\u5bfe\u6570\u30aa\u30c3\u30ba\u306e\u9593\u306b\u300c\u7dda\u5f62\u6027\u300d<strong>\u3092\u4eee\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u73fe\u5b9f\u306e\u81e8\u5e8a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\uff08\u5e74\u9f62\u3084\u691c\u67fb\u5024\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3067\u306f\u975e\u7dda\u5f62\u306a\u95a2\u4fc2\u3084\u3001\u5909\u6570\u540c\u58eb\u306e<\/strong>\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff08\u4ea4\u5dee\u9805\uff09\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3002\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u304c\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u6349\u3048\u304d\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3001\u9069\u5207\u306a\u50be\u5411\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u304c\u7b97\u51fa\u3067\u304d\u305a\u3001\u91cd\u307f\u4ed8\u3051\u5f8c\u306e\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u6539\u5584\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u539f\u56e02. \u91cd\u307f\u306e\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\uff08\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u91cd\u307f\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u50be\u5411\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2 $e_i$ \u304c 0 \u3084 1 \u306b\u6975\u3081\u3066\u8fd1\u3044\u75c7\u4f8b\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u91cd\u307f $1\/e_i$ \u304c\u6570\u4e07\u306a\u3069\u306e\u5de8\u5927\u306a\u5024\u3078\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u305f\u3063\u305f\u6570\u4f8b\u306e\u5de8\u5927\u306a\u91cd\u307f\u3092\u6301\u3064\u75c7\u4f8b\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3001\u52a0\u91cd\u5e73\u5747\u304c\u305d\u306e\u75c7\u4f8b\u306e\u5024\u306b\u5927\u304d\u304f\u5f15\u3063\u5f35\u3089\u308c\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u5171\u5909\u91cf\u306e\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u5d29\u58ca\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u539f\u56e03. \u305d\u3082\u305d\u3082\u7fa4\u9593\u3067\u80cc\u666f\u56e0\u5b50\u306e\u5206\u5e03\u304c\u91cd\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\uff08Positivity\u4eee\u5b9a\u306e\u7834\u7dbb\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6cbb\u7642\u7fa4\u3068\u5bfe\u7167\u7fa4\u306e\u80cc\u666f\u56e0\u5b50\u304c\u3042\u307e\u308a\u306b\u3082\u4e56\u96e2\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u306b\u300c\u5171\u901a\u306e\u9818\u57df\uff08Overlap\uff09\u300d\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u300c80\u6b73\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u8d85\u9ad8\u9f62\u8005\u306f\u307b\u307c\u5168\u54e1\u304c\u6a19\u6e96\u6cbb\u7642\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3057\u3001\u65b0\u85ac\u7fa4\u306b\u306f\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5834\u5408\u3001\u50be\u5411\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8abf\u6574\u81ea\u4f53\u306b\u7121\u7406\u304c\u751f\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u3092\u89e3\u6c7a\u3059\u308b\u300c5\u3064\u306e\u51e6\u65b9\u7b8b\u300d\u3068R\u3067\u306e\u5b9f\u88c5\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u3053\u304b\u3089\u306f\u3001\u5171\u5909\u91cf\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u5287\u7684\u306b\u6539\u5584\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5b9f\u52d9\u7684\u306a\u30c6\u30af\u30cb\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u9806\u756a\u306b\u89e3\u8aac\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u307e\u305a\u306f\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u304a\u3053\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>library(tidyverse)\nlibrary(WeightIt)\nlibrary(cobalt)\n\n# \u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u4f5c\u6210\nset.seed(123)\nn &lt;- 300\ndf_raw &lt;- tibble(\n  treat = sample(c(0, 1), n, replace = TRUE, prob = c(0.6, 0.4)),\n  age   = rnorm(n, mean = 65, sd = 10),\n  bmi   = rnorm(n, mean = 24, sd = 4),\n  sex   = factor(sample(c(\"Male\", \"Female\"), n, replace = TRUE))\n)\n\n# IPTW\u91cd\u307f\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\nW &lt;- weightit(treat ~ age + bmi, data = df_raw, method = \"glm\", estimand = \"ATE\")\nsummary(W)\nbal.tab(W, thresholds = c(m = 0.1))<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u51e6\u65b9\u7b8b1. \u50be\u5411\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3078\u306e\u300c\u9ad8\u6b21\u9805\u30fb\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u9805\u300d\u306e\u8ffd\u52a0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u624b\u8efd\u304b\u3064\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306a\u7b2c\u4e00\u9078\u629e\u306f\u3001\u30ed\u30b8\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u56de\u5e30\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u5f0f\u306b\u9ad8\u6b21\u9805\uff082\u4e57\u9805\u306a\u3069\uff09<strong>\u3084<\/strong>\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u9805\uff08\u4ea4\u5dee\u9805\uff09\u3092\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306b\u6295\u5165\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7279\u306bSMD\u304c\u4e0b\u304c\u3089\u306a\u3044\u9023\u7d9a\u5909\u6570\uff08\u4f8b: <code>age<\/code>\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3001<code>I(age^2)<\/code> \u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u6027\u5225\u3068\u306e\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528 <code>age * sex<\/code> \u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u975e\u7dda\u5f62\u306a\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u30ad\u30e3\u30c3\u30c1\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \u9ad8\u6b21\u9805\uff082\u4e57\u9805\uff09\u3068\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u9805\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u8fbc\u3093\u3060\u50be\u5411\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\nW_poly &lt;- weightit(\n  treat ~ age + I(age^2) + bmi + sex + age:sex, # \u9ad8\u6b21\u9805\u30fb\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\n  data     = df_raw,\n  method   = \"glm\",\n  estimand = \"ATE\"\n)\n\n# \u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u306e\u518d\u8a55\u4fa1\uff08SMD &lt; 0.1 \u304b\u78ba\u8a8d\uff09\nbal.tab(W_poly, thresholds = c(m = 0.1))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u51e6\u65b9\u7b8b2. \u91cd\u307f\u306e\u30c8\u30ea\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\uff08Trimming\uff09\u306e\u5b9f\u884c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u91cd\u307f\uff08\u5916\u308c\u5024\uff09\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u58ca\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u91cd\u307f\u306e\u30c8\u30ea\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\uff08\u5207\u8a70\u3081\uff09\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>WeightIt::trim()<\/code> \u95a2\u6570\u3092\u4f7f\u3044\u3001\u4e0a\u4f4d1%\uff0899\u30d1\u30fc\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\uff09\u3084\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u95be\u5024\u3067\u91cd\u307f\u3092\u6291\u3048\u8fbc\u3080\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u5916\u308c\u5024\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u7121\u52b9\u5316\u3057\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u5b89\u5b9a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \u901a\u5e38\u306e\u91cd\u307f\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u5f8c\u3001\u4e0a\u4f4d1%\uff0899\u30d1\u30fc\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\uff09\u3067\u30c8\u30ea\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\nW_base &lt;- weightit(treat ~ age + bmi + sex, data = df_raw, method = \"glm\")\nW_trimmed &lt;- trim(W_base, at = 0.99)\n\n# \u30c8\u30ea\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u5f8c\u306e\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u78ba\u8a8d\nbal.tab(W_trimmed, thresholds = c(m = 0.1))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u51e6\u65b9\u7b8b3. \u6b21\u306e\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\uff1a\u6a5f\u68b0\u5b66\u7fd2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\uff08GBM \/ CBPS\uff09\u3078\u306e\u5207\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3010\u5f37\u529b\u3011<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u624b\u52d5\u8abf\u6574\uff08\u9ad8\u6b21\u9805\u306e\u8a66\u884c\u932f\u8aa4\uff09\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3082\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u53d6\u308c\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u6700\u3082\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\u3068\u306a\u308b\u306e\u304c<strong>\u91cd\u307f\u4ed8\u3051\u624b\u6cd5\uff08Method\uff09\u306e\u5207\u308a\u66ff\u3048<\/strong>\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>WeightIt<\/code> \u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u4f7f\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u30921\u884c\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u6700\u65b0\u306e\u6a5f\u68b0\u5b66\u7fd2\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2460 \u52fe\u914d\u30d6\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\uff08GBM: Gradient Boosted Trees\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u975e\u7dda\u5f62\u95a2\u4fc2\u3084\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3092\u81ea\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u5b66\u7fd2\u3057\u3001\u5171\u5909\u91cf\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u6700\u3082\u826f\u304f\u63c3\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306b\u50be\u5411\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u3092\u751f\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># method = \"gbm\" \u306b\u5909\u66f4\uff08\u8981: gbm \u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\uff09\nW_gbm &lt;- weightit(\n  treat ~ age + bmi + sex,\n  data     = df_raw,\n  method   = \"gbm\",\n  estimand = \"ATE\"\n)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"276\" height=\"155\" src=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4666\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The package &#8220;gbm&#8221; is required. \uff08gbm \u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3059\uff09<br>Would you like to install it?\uff08\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b\uff09<br>\u3068\u5c0b\u306d\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3089 Yes \u306e\u756a\u53f7\u3067\u3042\u308b 1 \u3092\u5165\u529b\u3057\u3066\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2461 \u5171\u5909\u91cf\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u50be\u5411\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\uff08CBPS: Covariate Balancing Propensity Score\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\u5171\u5909\u91cf\u306e\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\uff08SMD\uff09\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5236\u7d04\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u50be\u5411\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u3092\u63a8\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u624b\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u30ed\u30b8\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u56de\u5e30\u3088\u308a\u3082\u78ba\u5b9f\u306b\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u63c3\u3048\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># method = \"cbps\" \u306b\u5909\u66f4\uff08\u8981: CBPS \u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\uff09\nW_cbps &lt;- weightit(\n  treat ~ age + bmi + sex,\n  data     = df_raw,\n  method   = \"cbps\",\n  estimand = \"ATE\"\n)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u51e6\u65b9\u7b8b4. \u30c0\u30d6\u30eb\u30fb\u30ed\u30d0\u30b9\u30c8\uff08Doubly Robust\uff09\u63a8\u5b9a\u91cf\u306e\u9069\u7528<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0a\u8a18\u306e\u624b\u6cd5\u3092\u8a66\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u3069\u3046\u3057\u3066\u30821\u301c2\u500b\u306e\u30de\u30a4\u30ca\u30fc\u306a\u5909\u6570\u306eSMD\u304c 0.10 \u301c 0.15 \u7a0b\u5ea6\u306b\u6b8b\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u305d\u306e\u969b\u306e\u59a5\u5f53\u306a\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u304c\u300c\u30c0\u30d6\u30eb\u30fb\u30ed\u30d0\u30b9\u30c8\u63a8\u5b9a\u91cf\uff08Doubly Robust Estimation\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306a\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\uff08Cox\u6bd4\u4f8b\u30cf\u30b6\u30fc\u30c9\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3084\u30ed\u30b8\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u56de\u5e30\uff09\u306e\u91cd\u307f\u4ed8\u304d\u89e3\u6790\u3092\u884c\u3046\u969b\u3001<strong>\u300c\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u306f\u63c3\u308f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u5171\u5909\u91cf\u300d\u3092\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u5074\u306b\u3082\u5171\u5909\u91cf\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6295\u5165\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/strong>$$\\text{\u50be\u5411\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u306b\u3088\u308b\u91cd\u307f\u4ed8\u3051\uff08IPTW\uff09} \\times \\text{\u4e3b\u8981\u5171\u5909\u91cf\u306e\u56de\u5e30\u8abf\u6574}$$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7d71\u8a08\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u300c\u50be\u5411\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u300d\u307e\u305f\u306f\u300c\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u300d\u306e\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304b\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3082\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u30d0\u30a4\u30a2\u30b9\u304c\u306a\u3044\u63a8\u5b9a\u304c\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u308b\uff08\u4e8c\u91cd\u306e\u9811\u5065\u6027\uff09\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6b8b\u5b58\u4ea4\u7d61\u3092\u5f37\u529b\u306b\u88dc\u6b63\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \u91cd\u307f\u4ed8\u304dCox\u56de\u5e30\u306b\u3001\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u5fae\u5999\u3060\u3063\u305f\u5909\u6570\uff08\u4f8b: age\uff09\u3092\u518d\u5ea6\u6295\u5165\nfit_dr &lt;- coxph(\n  Surv(time, status) ~ treat + age, # age \u3092\u5171\u5909\u91cf\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8ffd\u52a0\n  data    = df_raw,\n  weights = W_gbm$weights,\n  robust  = TRUE\n)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u51e6\u65b9\u7b8b5. \u5171\u901a\u9818\u57df\uff08Common Support\uff09\u3067\u306e\u30b3\u30db\u30fc\u30c8\u518d\u5b9a\u7fa9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u80cc\u666f\u56e0\u5b50\u306e\u91cd\u8907\uff08\u30aa\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\uff09\u304c\u6839\u672c\u7684\u306b\u6b20\u5982\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u50be\u5411\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u306e\u5171\u901a\u9818\u57df\uff08Common Support\uff09\u306e\u5916\u306b\u3042\u308b\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u75c7\u4f8b\u3092\u306f\u3058\u3081\u304b\u3089\u89e3\u6790\u304b\u3089\u9664\u5916\uff08\u30c8\u30ea\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\uff09\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5bfe\u8c61\u96c6\u56e3\u306f\u3084\u3084\u72ed\u307e\u308b\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u9650\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\uff09\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3001\u89e3\u6790\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u59a5\u5f53\u6027\uff08Internal Validity\uff09\u3092\u78ba\u4fdd\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u6975\u3081\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5224\u65ad\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"biost-3904206424\" class=\"biost- biost-entity-placement\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/kmhl\">\uff1e\uff1e\u3082\u3046\u7d71\u8a08\u3067\u60a9\u3080\u306e\u306f\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u306b\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b\uff1f\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/kmhl\"><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2794 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/bn_r_03.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"327\" \/><\/a>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 20px;\"><strong><span class=\"marker2\">\u21911\u4e07\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u533b\u7642\u5f93\u4e8b\u8005\u304c\u8cfc\u8aad\u4e2d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u3010\u307e\u3068\u3081\u3011\u30b3\u30d4\u30da\u3067\u8a66\u305b\u308b\uff01\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u6539\u5584\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u7684R\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u30c6\u30f3\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6700\u5f8c\u306b\u3001\u624b\u5143\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3067\u5171\u5909\u91cf\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u6bb5\u968e\u7684\u306b\u6539\u5584\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u305f\u3081\u306e\u4e00\u9023\u306e\u30c6\u30f3\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u307e\u3068\u3081\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># === IPTW \u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u6539\u5584\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc\u4e00\u62ec\u30c6\u30f3\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8 ===\nlibrary(tidyverse)\nlibrary(WeightIt)\nlibrary(cobalt)\n\n# Step 1: \u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u30ed\u30b8\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u56de\u5e30\uff08GLM\uff09\nW1 &lt;- weightit(treat ~ age + bmi + sex + sbp, data = df, method = \"glm\")\nbal.tab(W1, thresholds = c(m = 0.1))\n\n# Step 2: \u9ad8\u6b21\u9805\u30fb\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u9805\u306e\u6295\u5165\nW2 &lt;- weightit(treat ~ age + I(age^2) + bmi + sex + sbp + age:sex, data = df, method = \"glm\")\nbal.tab(W2, thresholds = c(m = 0.1))\n\n# Step 3: \u6a5f\u68b0\u5b66\u7fd2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\uff08CBPS \u307e\u305f\u306f GBM\uff09\u3078\u5207\u308a\u66ff\u3048\nW3 &lt;- weightit(treat ~ age + bmi + sex + sbp, data = df, method = \"cbps\")\nbal.tab(W3, thresholds = c(m = 0.1))\n\n# Step 4: \u5fc5\u8981\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u30c8\u30ea\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\uff08\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u91cd\u307f\u306e\u6291\u5236\uff09\nW4 &lt;- trim(W3, at = 0.99)\nbal.tab(W4, thresholds = c(m = 0.1))\n\n# Step 5: \u30e9\u30d6\u30d7\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u3067\u6700\u7d42\u78ba\u8a8d\nlove.plot(W4, thresholds = c(m = 0.1), binary = \"std\")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">IPTW\u89e3\u6790\u3067\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u63c3\u308f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3068\u3044\u3063\u3066\u3001\u8ae6\u3081\u3066\u751f\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u4ea4\u7d61\u8abf\u6574\u3092\u4e0d\u5341\u5206\u306a\u307e\u307e\u653e\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>WeightIt<\/code> \u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u3001\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u518d\u6307\u5b9a\u3084CBPS\/GBM\u306e\u5c0e\u5165\u3001\u30c0\u30d6\u30eb\u30ed\u30d0\u30b9\u30c8\u63a8\u5b9a\u3092\u9069\u5207\u306b\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u67fb\u8aad\u306b\u8010\u3048\u3046\u308b\u9811\u5065\u306a\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3092\u5c0e\u304d\u51fa\u305d\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u304a\u3059\u3059\u3081\u66f8\u7c4d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3TGN1YE\">\u3067\u304d\u308b! \u50be\u5411\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u5206\u6790: SPSS\u30fbStata\u30fbR \u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u5fc5\u52dd\u30de\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30eb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7814\u7a76\u8005: \u50be\u5411\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u9006\u78ba\u7387\u91cd\u307f\u4ed8\u3051\uff08IPTW\uff09\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u5171\u5909\u91cf\u3067\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u5e73\u5747\u5dee\uff08SMD\uff09\u304c 0.1 \u672a\u6e80\u306b\u306a\u3089\u305a\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u53d6\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u2026\u2026\u3002\u50be\u5411\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u306f\u5909\u6570\u3092\u6295\u5165\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3069\u3046\u89e3\u6c7a\u3059\u308c\u3070 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4667,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"swell_btn_cv_data":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4664","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-iptw-"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IPTW\u89e3\u6790\u3067\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u6539\u5584\u3059\u308b\u30c6\u30af\u30cb\u30c3\u30af-scaled.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4664","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4664"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4664\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4668,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4664\/revisions\/4668"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4667"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4664"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4664"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4664"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}