{"id":4762,"date":"2026-08-16T18:50:42","date_gmt":"2026-08-16T09:50:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/?p=4762"},"modified":"2026-08-16T18:50:42","modified_gmt":"2026-08-16T09:50:42","slug":"what-to-do-when-asked-for-quantitative-sensitivity-analysis-for-unmeasured-confounding-e-value-calculation-95-ci-interpretation-and-english-templates","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/entry\/what-to-do-when-asked-for-quantitative-sensitivity-analysis-for-unmeasured-confounding-e-value-calculation-95-ci-interpretation-and-english-templates\/","title":{"rendered":"\u300c\u672a\u6e2c\u5b9a\u4ea4\u7d61\u306e\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u306a\u611f\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u3092\u884c\u3048\u300d\u3068\u8a00\u308f\u308c\u305f\u3089\uff1fE-value\u7b97\u51fa\u30fb95%\u4fe1\u983c\u533a\u9593\u89e3\u91c8\u3068\u82f1\u6587\u30c6\u30f3\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\u5404\u5c02\u9580\u79d1\u306e\u82f1\u6587\u8a8c\u306b\u8ad6\u6587\u3092\u6295\u7a3f\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3001\u67fb\u8aad\u8005\u304b\u3089\u300e\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u89b3\u5bdf\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u55ab\u7159\u6b74\u3084\u8a73\u7d30\u306a\u91cd\u75c7\u5ea6\u306a\u3069\u306e\u672a\u6e2c\u5b9a\u4ea4\u7d61\uff08Unmeasured Confounding\uff09\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u304c\u5426\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002\u5358\u306bLimitation\u306b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u66f8\u304f\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u306a\u611f\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\uff08Sensitivity Analysis\uff09\u3092\u884c\u3048\u300f\u3068\u8ffd\u52a0\u89e3\u6790\u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u2026\u2026\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5404\u81e8\u5e8a\u79d1\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u56fd\u969b\u8a8c\u3092\u76ee\u6307\u3057\u3066\u8ad6\u6587\u3092\u57f7\u7b46\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u67fb\u8aad\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\uff08Peer Review\uff09\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3057\u3066\u982d\u3092\u62b1\u3048\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u591a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30b3\u30db\u30fc\u30c8\u7814\u7a76\u3084\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u30b3\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u7814\u7a76\u306a\u3069\u306e\u89b3\u5bdf\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4ea4\u7d61\u56e0\u5b50\u306e\u8abf\u6574\u306f\u907f\u3051\u3066\u901a\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u30ec\u30bb\u30d7\u30c8\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3084\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u81e8\u5e8a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u306f\u3001\u55ab\u7159\u6b74\u3001\u907a\u4f1d\u7d20\u56e0\u3001\u8a73\u7d30\u306a\u4f75\u5b58\u75c7\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u81e8\u5e8a\u60c5\u5831\u304c\u672a\u6e2c\u5b9a\uff08\u6b20\u640d\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u304c\u983b\u767a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f93\u6765\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u611f\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\uff08Quantitative Bias Analysis\uff09\u306f\u3001\u672a\u6e2c\u5b9a\u4ea4\u7d61\u56e0\u5b50\u306e\u6d41\u884c\u7387\u3084\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u3078\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u91cf\u3092\u3044\u304f\u3064\u3082\u4eee\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u884c\u3046\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u624b\u304c\u51fa\u305b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3092\u4e00\u767a\u3067\u89e3\u6c7a\u3057\u3001\u6700\u5c0f\u9650\u306e\u4eee\u5b9a\u3067\u67fb\u8aad\u8005\u3092\u7d0d\u5f97\u3055\u305b\u308b\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u6b66\u5668\u304c\u3001\u30cf\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u30c9\u5927\u5b66\u306e VanderWeele \u6559\u6388\u3089\u304c\u63d0\u5531\u3057\u305f <strong>E-value\uff08E\u5024\uff09<\/strong> \u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300c1\u884c\u306eLimitation\u300d\u3067\u67fb\u8aad\u3092\u4e57\u308a\u5207\u308c\u306a\u304f\u306a\u3063\u305f\u80cc\u666f\u304b\u3089\u3001E-value\u306e\u76f4\u611f\u7684\u306a\u89e3\u91c8\u30ed\u30b8\u30c3\u30af\u300195%\u4fe1\u983c\u533a\u9593\uff08CI\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308bE-value\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3001R\u306e <code>EValue<\/code> \u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u5b9f\u8df5\u624b\u9806\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u82f1\u6587\u30c6\u30f3\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8\u307e\u3067\u3092\u5fb9\u5e95\u89e3\u8aac\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u300c\u672a\u6e2c\u5b9a\u4ea4\u7d61\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306f\u5426\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u300d\u306e1\u884c\u3067\u67fb\u8aad\u3092\u4e57\u308a\u5207\u308c\u308b\u6642\u4ee3\u306f\u7d42\u308f\u3063\u305f\uff01<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89b3\u5bdf\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u591a\u5909\u91cf\u89e3\u6790\u3092\u884c\u3044\u3001\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u6709\u610f\u306a\u95a2\u9023\uff08\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u6bd4 RR\u3001\u30aa\u30c3\u30ba\u6bd4 OR\u3001\u30cf\u30b6\u30fc\u30c9\u6bd4 HR\uff09\u304c\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u969b\u3001\u8ad6\u6587\u306e Discussion\uff08Limitation\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\uff09\u306b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5b9a\u578b\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u3092\u66f8\u304f\u306e\u304c\u9577\u5e74\u306e\u6163\u7fd2\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;Due to the observational nature of this study, the possibility of unmeasured confounding cannot be completely excluded.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u89b3\u5bdf\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u672a\u6e2c\u5b9a\u306e\u4ea4\u7d61\u56e0\u5b50\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5426\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u8fd1\u5e74\u306e\u5404\u81e8\u5e8a\u79d1\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u82f1\u6587\u8a8c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u3060\u3051\u3092\u514d\u7f6a\u7b26\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63d0\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u67fb\u8aad\u8005\u304b\u3089\u4e0d\u63a1\u7528\uff08Reject\uff09\u3084\u5927\u5e45\u6539\u8a02\uff08Major Revision\uff09\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u304c\u6025\u5897\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u67fb\u8aad\u8005\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u300c\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001<strong>\u300c\u4eee\u306b\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u672a\u6e2c\u5b9a\u4ea4\u7d61\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4ea4\u7d61\u304c\u3069\u306e\u304f\u3089\u3044\u5f37\u3051\u308c\u3070\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\uff08\u7d50\u8ad6\uff09\u304c\u8986\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u306e\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u306a\u793a\u5506<\/strong>\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f93\u6765\u306e\u611f\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u306f\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u3079\u304d\u4eee\u5b9a\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u591a\u304f\u3001\u8a08\u7b97\u3082\u8907\u96d1\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u305f\u3081\u656c\u9060\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u304c\u3001E-value \u306e\u767b\u5834\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u8ab0\u3067\u3082\u4e00\u77ac\u3067\u8a08\u7b97\u30fb\u8ad6\u6587\u63d0\u793a\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u3010\u30b3\u30e9\u30e0\u3011\u76f4\u611f\u3067\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\uff01\u300c\u672a\u6e2c\u5b9a\u4ea4\u7d61\u56e0\u5b50\u300d\u3068\u300c\u9ed2\u5e55\u306e\u5f37\u3055\u300d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u65b0\u85ac\u306e\u670d\u7528\u306b\u3088\u308a\u6b7b\u4ea1\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u304c\u534a\u6e1b\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3092\u3001\u300c\u5b9f\u306f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u898b\u305b\u304b\u3051\uff08\u507d\u308a\u306e\u95a2\u9023\uff09\u3067\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3068\u88cf\u3067\u624b\u5f15\u304d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5b58\u5728\u304c\u300c\u672a\u6e2c\u5b9a\u306e\u4ea4\u7d61\u56e0\u5b50\uff08\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u9ed2\u5e55\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">E-value \u3068\u306f\u3001\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u8986\u3057\u3066\u300c\u771f\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u306f\u30bc\u30ed\uff08$RR = 1.0$\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8a3c\u660e\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001<strong>\u300c\u3053\u306e\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u9ed2\u5e55\u304c\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u5f37\u3055\uff08\u95a2\u9023\u306e\u30d1\u30ef\u30fc\uff09\u300d<\/strong> \u3092\u6570\u5024\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3082\u3057 E-value \u304c\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5927\u304d\u306a\u5024\uff08\u4f8b:$3.5$\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u300c\u3053\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u507d\u308a\u3060\u3068\u8a3c\u660e\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u30923.5\u500d\u306b\u8df3\u306d\u4e0a\u3052\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u8d85\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u9ed2\u5e55\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u3002\u81e8\u5e8a\u7684\u306b\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8d85\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u672a\u6e2c\u5b9a\u56e0\u5b50\u304c\u8abf\u6574\u6f0f\u308c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u4f4e\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u300c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u6975\u3081\u3066\u5805\u7262\uff08Robust\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u67fb\u8aad\u8005\u3092\u7d0d\u5f97\u3055\u305b\u308b\u79d8\u5bc6\u5175\u5668\u300cE-value\uff08E\u5024\uff09\u300d\u3068\u306f\uff1f\u6570\u5024\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3068\u89e3\u91c8\u30ed\u30b8\u30c3\u30af<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">E-value \u306e\u76f4\u611f\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">E-value \u3068\u306f\u3001\u89b3\u5bdf\u3055\u308c\u305f\u300c\u66dd\u9732\u3068\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u300d\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u5c3d\u304f\u3057\u3001\u771f\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u91cf\u3092 $1.0$\uff08\u95a2\u9023\u306a\u3057\uff09\u306b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u3001<strong>\u300c\u672a\u6e2c\u5b9a\u4ea4\u7d61\u56e0\u5b50\u3068\u66dd\u9732\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u300d\u304a\u3088\u3073\u300c\u672a\u6e2c\u5b9a\u4ea4\u7d61\u56e0\u5b50\u3068\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u300d\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6700\u5c0f\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u6bd4\uff08Risk Ratio \u30b9\u30b1\u30fc\u30eb\uff09<\/strong> \u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u306f\u3001\u672a\u6e2c\u5b9a\u4ea4\u7d61\u56e0\u5b50\u304c\u300c\u66dd\u9732\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3082\u300c\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001<strong>\u540c\u6642\u306b<\/strong>\u305d\u306e\u5f37\u3055\u3067\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002$$\\text{E-value} = RR + \\sqrt{RR \\times (RR &#8211; 1)}$$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u203b\u4e0a\u5f0f\u306f <\/em>$RR &gt; 1$<em> \u306e\u5834\u5408\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u5f0f\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6570\u5024\u306e\u8aad\u307f\u65b9\uff08\u89e3\u91c8\u30ed\u30b8\u30c3\u30af\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u3042\u308b\u6cbb\u7642\uff08\u66dd\u9732\uff09\u3068\u6b7b\u4ea1\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u4f4e\u6e1b\u306e\u89e3\u6790\u3067\u3001\u8abf\u6574\u30cf\u30b6\u30fc\u30c9\u6bd4 $HR = 2.0$\uff08\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u304c2\u500d\u306b\u306a\u308b\u95a2\u9023\uff09\u304c\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u70b9\u63a8\u5b9a\u5024\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b E-value \u304c $3.41$ \u3068\u7b97\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u6570\u5024\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\u89b3\u5bdf\u3055\u308c\u305f$HR = 2.0$\u3068\u3044\u3046\u95a2\u9023\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u6253\u3061\u6d88\u3057\u3066$HR = 1.0$\u306b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u8abf\u6574\u6f0f\u308c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u672a\u6e2c\u5b9a\u4ea4\u7d61\u56e0\u5b50\u304c\u3001\u66dd\u9732\uff08\u6cbb\u7642\u306e\u6709\u7121\uff09\u3068\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\uff08\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff09\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3001<strong>\u540c\u6642\u306b\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u3092 3.41 \u500d\u8df3\u306d\u4e0a\u3052\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5f37\u70c8\u306a\u30d1\u30ef\u30fc<\/strong> \u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u56e0\u5b50\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b Discussion \u30c6\u30af\u30cb\u30c3\u30af<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">E-value \u304c\u51fa\u305b\u305f\u3089\u3001Discussion \u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067<strong>\u305d\u306e\u9818\u57df\u3067\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u65e2\u77e5\u6700\u5f37\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u56e0\u5b50\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u6bd4\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b<\/strong>\u306e\u304c\u9244\u5247\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u8a18\u8ff0\u30c6\u30af\u30cb\u30c3\u30af\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u305d\u306e\u81e8\u5e8a\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u6700\u5f37\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u56e0\u5b50\uff08\u4f8b: \u91cd\u5ea6\u9ad8\u8840\u5727\u3084\u55ab\u7159\u6b74\uff09\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u6bd4\uff08$RR$\uff09\u304c $2.0$ \u7a0b\u5ea6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5206\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u4e3b\u5f35\u3067\u304d\u308b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u7b97\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f E-value \u306f$3.41$\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u81e8\u5e8a\u7684\u306b\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6700\u5f37\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u56e0\u5b50\uff08$RR \\approx 2.0$\uff09\u3092\u5927\u304d\u304f\u4e0a\u56de\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u56e0\u5b50\u3092\u9065\u304b\u306b\u51cc\u99d5\u3059\u308b\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u8d85\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u672a\u6e2c\u5b9a\u4ea4\u7d61\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u9650\u308a\u3001\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u7d50\u8ad6\u304c\u8986\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306f\u6975\u3081\u3066\u4f4e\u3044\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u67fb\u8aad\u8005\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u5727\u5012\u7684\u306a\u8aac\u5f97\u529b\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u81ea\u8aac\u3092\u9632\u885b\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"biost-1466182417\" class=\"biost- biost-entity-placement\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/kmhl\">\uff1e\uff1e\u3082\u3046\u7d71\u8a08\u3067\u60a9\u3080\u306e\u306f\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u306b\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b\uff1f\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/kmhl\"><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2794 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/bn_r_03.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"327\" \/><\/a>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 20px;\"><strong><span class=\"marker2\">\u21911\u4e07\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u533b\u7642\u5f93\u4e8b\u8005\u304c\u8cfc\u8aad\u4e2d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u70b9\u63a8\u5b9a\u5024\u3060\u3051\u51fa\u3059\u3068\u67fb\u8aad\u3067\u843d\u3061\u308b\uff01\u300c95%\u4fe1\u983c\u533a\u9593\u306eE-value\u300d\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u67fb\u8aad\u8005\u5bfe\u5fdc\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u304c\u72af\u3059\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u306a\u30df\u30b9\u304c\u300c\u70b9\u63a8\u5b9a\u5024\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b E-value \u3060\u3051\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3066\u6e80\u8db3\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3053\u3068\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u67fb\u8aad\u8005\u304c\u898b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f\u300c\u4fe1\u983c\u533a\u9593\u9650\u754c\u5024\u306e E-value\u300d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u70b9\u63a8\u5b9a\u5024\uff08\u4f8b: $HR = 2.0$\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b E-value\uff08$3.41$\uff09\u306f\u3001\u300c\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b $1.0$ \u306b\u6d88\u5931\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u4ea4\u7d61\u306e\u5f37\u3055\u300d\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u67fb\u8aad\u8005\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8ffd\u6c42\u3057\u3066\u304f\u308b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;The point estimate E-value is informative, but what is the minimum strength of unmeasured confounding required to shift the lower limit of the 95% CI to 1.0 (i.e., making the finding statistically non-significant)?&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08\u70b9\u63a8\u5b9a\u5024\u306eE-value\u3082\u53c2\u8003\u306b\u306a\u308b\u304c\u300195%\u4fe1\u983c\u533a\u9593\u306e\u4e0b\u9650\u30921.0\u306b\u3057\u3066\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u6709\u610f\u6027\u3092\u6d88\u5931\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u672a\u6e2c\u5b9a\u4ea4\u7d61\u306e\u6700\u5c0f\u5f37\u5ea6\u306f\u3044\u304f\u3089\u304b\uff1f\uff09<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u6700\u3082\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u305f\u3044\u300c\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u6709\u610f\u6027\uff08$P &lt; 0.05$\uff09\u300d\u3092\u5b88\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001<strong>95%\u4fe1\u983c\u533a\u9593\u306e\u9650\u754c\u5024\uff08<\/strong>$1.0$<strong> \u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u5074\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b E-value<\/strong> \u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u7d76\u5bfe\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4fe1\u983c\u533a\u9593\u9650\u754c\u5024\u306e E-value \u306e\u898b\u65b9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001$HR = 2.0$\uff0895% CI: $1.20 &#8211; 3.33$\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u89e3\u6790\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u70b9\u63a8\u5b9a\u5024\uff082.0\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b E-value<\/strong>: $3.41$$\\rightarrow$ \u52b9\u679c\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b $1.0$\uff08\u95a2\u9023\u306a\u3057\uff09\u306b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u4ea4\u7d61\u306e\u5f37\u3055\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>95% CI \u4e0b\u9650\uff081.20\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b E-value<\/strong>\u306e\u4e0b\u9650\u5024: $1.70$$\\rightarrow$ \u6709\u610f\u5dee\u304c\u6d88\u3048\u3066 95% CI \u304c $1.0$ \u3092\u8de8\u3050\uff08$P \\ge 0.05$ \u306b\u306a\u308b\uff09\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u6700\u5c0f\u306e\u4ea4\u7d61\u306e\u5f37\u3055\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u306f\u4e21\u65b9\u306e\u5024\u3092\u8a18\u8f09\u3057\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u6709\u610f\u6027\u304c\u6d88\u5931\u3059\u308b\uff0895% CI\u4e0b\u9650\u304c$1.0$\u3092\u4e0b\u56de\u308b\uff09\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u672a\u6e2c\u5b9a\u4ea4\u7d61\u306e\u5f37\u3055\u306f$1.70$\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u4ea4\u7d61\u56e0\u5b50\u3067\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u3092 1.70 \u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5f15\u304d\u4e0a\u3052\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8981\u56e0\u304c\u8abf\u6574\u6f0f\u308c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u9650\u308a\u3001\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u6709\u610f\u6027\u306f\u4fdd\u305f\u308c\u308b\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u3010\u5b9f\u8df5R\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3011<code>EValue<\/code> \u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u306b\u3088\u308b E-value \u7b97\u51fa\u3068\u53ef\u8996\u5316\uff08Step by Step\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u3053\u304b\u3089\u306f\u3001\u30cf\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u30c9\u5927\u5b66\u306e VanderWeele \u6559\u6388\u3089\u306e\u30c1\u30fc\u30e0\u304c\u958b\u767a\u3057\u305f\u516c\u5f0f\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8 <code>EValue<\/code> \u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3001R\u3067\u306e\u7b97\u51fa\u304a\u3088\u3073\u611f\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u30d7\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\uff08Sensitivity Plot\uff09\u3092\u63cf\u753b\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u3092 Step by Step \u3067\u89e3\u8aac\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 1: <code>EValue<\/code> \u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u8aad\u307f\u8fbc\u307f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CRAN\u304b\u3089 <code>EValue<\/code> \u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u3057\u3066\u8aad\u307f\u8fbc\u3080\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>if (!requireNamespace(\"EValue\", quietly = TRUE)) install.packages(\"EValue\")\nlibrary(EValue)\nlibrary(tidyverse)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 2: \u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u6bd4\uff08RR\uff09\u3001\u30cf\u30b6\u30fc\u30c9\u6bd4\uff08HR\uff09\u3001\u30aa\u30c3\u30ba\u6bd4\uff08OR\uff09\u304b\u3089\u306e E-value \u7b97\u51fa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>EValue<\/code> \u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5404\u6307\u6a19\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u305f\u5c02\u7528\u95a2\u6570\u304c\u7528\u610f\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2460 \u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u6bd4\uff08Risk Ratio: RR\uff09\u306e\u5834\u5408<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b: $RR = 2.0$\uff0895% CI: $1.20 &#8211; 3.33$\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># RR \u304b\u3089\u306e E-value \u8a08\u7b97\nevalues.RR(est = 2.0, lo = 1.20, hi = 3.33)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51fa\u529b\u7d50\u679c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>> evalues.RR(est = 2.0, lo = 1.20, hi = 3.33)\n            point    lower upper\nRR       2.000000 1.200000  3.33\nE-values 3.414214 1.689898    NA<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2461 \u30cf\u30b6\u30fc\u30c9\u6bd4\uff08Hazard Ratio: HR\uff09\u307e\u305f\u306f \u30aa\u30c3\u30ba\u6bd4\uff08Odds Ratio: OR\uff09\u306e\u5834\u5408<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u81e8\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u983b\u51fa\u3059\u308b HR \u3084 OR \u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u3059\u308b\u75be\u60a3\u3084\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u767a\u73fe\u7387\uff08\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u5272\u5408\uff09\u304c\u7a00\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u5426\u304b\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8a08\u7b97\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u533b\u5b66\u75ab\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001<strong>\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u767a\u73fe\u7387\u304c\u5341\u5206\u306b\u4f4e\u3044\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u306b 15% \u672a\u6e80\uff09\u7a00\u306a\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\uff08Rare outcome\uff09<\/strong> \u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001OR \u3084 HR \u306f Risk Ratio \u3068\u307b\u307c\u7b49\u3057\u3044\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3057\u3066\u8a08\u7b97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \u4f8b: \u7a00\u306a\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\uff08\u767a\u73fe\u7387 &lt; 15%\uff09\u3067\u306e HR = 2.0 (95% CI: 1.20 - 3.33)\nevalues.HR(est = 2.0, lo = 1.20, hi = 3.33, rare = TRUE)\n\n# \u4f8b: \u7a00\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u767a\u73fe\u7387\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\uff08\u767a\u73fe\u7387 &gt; 15%\uff09\u306e\u5834\u5408 (rare = FALSE)\nevalues.HR(est = 2.0, lo = 1.20, hi = 3.33, rare = FALSE)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51fa\u529b\u7d50\u679c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>> # \u4f8b: \u7a00\u306a\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\uff08\u767a\u73fe\u7387 &lt; 15%\uff09\u3067\u306e HR = 2.0 (95% CI: 1.20 - 3.33)\n> evalues.HR(est = 2.0, lo = 1.20, hi = 3.33, rare = TRUE)\n            point    lower upper\nRR       2.000000 1.200000  3.33\nE-values 3.414214 1.689898    NA\n\n> # \u4f8b: \u7a00\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u767a\u73fe\u7387\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\uff08\u767a\u73fe\u7387 > 15%\uff09\u306e\u5834\u5408 (rare = FALSE)\n> evalues.HR(est = 2.0, lo = 1.20, hi = 3.33, rare = FALSE)\n            point    lower    upper\nRR       1.612547 1.134654 2.271062\nE-values 2.606409 1.525531       NA<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 3: \u611f\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u30d7\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\uff08Sensitivity Plot\uff09\u306e\u53ef\u8996\u5316<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>bias_plot()<\/code> \u95a2\u6570\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u6a2a\u8ef8\u306b\u300c\u672a\u6e2c\u5b9a\u4ea4\u7d61\u3068\u66dd\u9732\u306e\u95a2\u9023 ($\\mathrm{RR}_{\\mathrm{EU}}$)\u300d\u3001\u7e26\u8ef8\u306b\u300c\u672a\u6e2c\u5b9a\u4ea4\u7d61\u3068\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u306e\u95a2\u9023 ($\\mathrm{RR}_{\\mathrm{UD}}$)\u300d\u3092\u3068\u3063\u305f\u611f\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u30d7\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u63cf\u753b\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># RR = 2.0 \u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u611f\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u30d7\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u63cf\u753b\nbias_plot(RR = 2.0, xmax = 5)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30d7\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u4e0a\u306e\u66f2\u7dda\u4e0a\u304a\u3088\u3073\u305d\u306e\u53f3\u4e0a\u306e\u9818\u57df\u304c\u3001\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u95a2\u9023\uff08$RR = 2.0$\uff09\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u6253\u3061\u6d88\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u4ea4\u7d61\u56e0\u5b50\u306e\u5f37\u3055\u306e\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"575\" height=\"483\" src=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/image-14.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4763\" srcset=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/image-14.png 575w, https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/image-14-300x252.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 575px) 100vw, 575px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u82f1\u6587\u30c6\u30f3\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8\uff08Methods &amp; Discussion\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5404\u81e8\u5e8a\u79d1\u306e\u56fd\u969b\u8a8c\u6295\u7a3f\u6642\u306b\u3001Methods \u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304a\u3088\u3073 Discussion \u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3067\u304d\u308b\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a\u82f1\u6587\u8868\u73fe\u30c6\u30f3\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Methods \u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u82f1\u6587\u30c6\u30f3\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;To evaluate the potential impact of unmeasured confounding, we calculated E-values using the <code>EValue<\/code> package in R, based on the methodology described by VanderWeele and Ding (2017). The E-value quantifies the minimum strength of association, on the risk ratio scale, that an unmeasured confounder would need to have with both the exposure and the outcome to fully explain away the observed association. E-values were calculated for both the point estimate and the limit of the 95% confidence interval closest to the null.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Discussion \u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u82f1\u6587\u30c6\u30f3\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;In the present study, the primary outcome showed an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.00 (95% CI, 1.20 to 3.33), yielding an E-value of 3.41 for the point estimate and 1.70 for the lower limit of the 95% CI. This indicates that an unmeasured confounder would need to be associated with both exposure and outcome by a risk ratio of at least 1.70-fold each, above and beyond the measured confounders, to render the observed association statistically non-significant. Given that major established clinical risk factors in this field typically exhibit risk ratios below this threshold, it is unprovable but highly unlikely that an unmeasured confounder of such magnitude exists to completely overturn our findings.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \u307e\u3068\u3081\uff06\u4e00\u62ec\u30b3\u30d4\u30da\u7528R\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30d7\u30c8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u304a\u3055\u3089\u3044<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5b9a\u578b\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u306e1\u884c\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u67fb\u8aad\u3092\u901a\u3089\u306a\u3044<\/strong>: \u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u306a\u611f\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u306e\u63d0\u793a\u304c\u5404\u81e8\u5e8a\u8a8c\u3067\u6a19\u6e96\u8981\u6c42\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3064\u3064\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>E-value \u306f\u672a\u6e2c\u5b9a\u4ea4\u7d61\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u300c\u9ed2\u5e55\u306e\u6700\u5c0f\u30d1\u30ef\u30fc\u300d<\/strong>: \u66dd\u9732\u3068\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u540c\u6642\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u6bd4\uff08RR\uff09\u30b9\u30b1\u30fc\u30eb\u3067\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u5f37\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u70b9\u63a8\u5b9a\u5024\u306895% CI\u4e0b\u9650\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u3092\u51fa\u3059\u306e\u304c\u9244\u5247<\/strong>: \u6709\u610f\u6027\u3092\u5b88\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b CI \u9650\u754c\u5024\u306e E-value \u63d0\u793a\u304c\u5fc5\u9808\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7a00\u306a\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u6ce8\u610f<\/strong>: \u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u767a\u73fe\u7387\u304c 15% \u672a\u6e80\u304b\u5426\u304b\u3067 <code>rare = TRUE\/FALSE<\/code> \u3092\u5207\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e00\u62ec\u5b9f\u884c\u7528R\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30d7\u30c8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u30b3\u30d4\u30fc\uff06\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001<code>EValue<\/code> \u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u8aad\u307f\u8fbc\u307f\u3001\u5404\u7a2e\u6307\u6a19\uff08RR\/HR\/OR\uff09\u304b\u3089\u306e E-value \u7b97\u51fa\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u5316\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30d7\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u51fa\u529b\u307e\u3067\u3092\u4e00\u6c17\u901a\u8cab\u3067\u8d70\u3089\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># ==============================================================================\n# \u672a\u6e2c\u5b9a\u4ea4\u7d61\u306e\u611f\u5ea6\u5206\u6790 E-value \u4e00\u62ec\u7b97\u51fa\u30fb\u63cf\u753b\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30d7\u30c8\n# \u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8: EValue, tidyverse\n# ==============================================================================\n\nif (!requireNamespace(\"EValue\", quietly = TRUE)) install.packages(\"EValue\")\nif (!requireNamespace(\"tidyverse\", quietly = TRUE)) install.packages(\"tidyverse\")\n\nlibrary(EValue)\nlibrary(tidyverse)\n\n# 1. \u89b3\u5bdf\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u5165\u529b\n# \u4f8b: \u8abf\u6574\u30cf\u30b6\u30fc\u30c9\u6bd4 HR = 2.00 (95% CI: 1.20 - 3.33)\nest_hr &lt;- 2.00\nlow_ci &lt;- 1.20\nhigh_ci &lt;- 3.33\nis_rare_outcome &lt;- TRUE # \u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u767a\u73fe\u7387\u304c 15% \u672a\u6e80\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f TRUE\n\n# 2. E-value \u306e\u7b97\u51fa (HR\u306e\u5834\u5408)\neval_res &lt;- evalues.HR(est = est_hr, lo = low_ci, hi = high_ci, rare = is_rare_outcome)\n\ncat(\"\\n==============================================================================\\n\")\ncat(\"                           E-VALUE ANALYSIS RESULTS                           \\n\")\ncat(\"==============================================================================\\n\\n\")\nprint(eval_res)\ncat(\"\\n==============================================================================\\n\")\n\n# 3. \u70b9\u63a8\u5b9a\u5024\u3068 95% CI \u4e0b\u9650\u306e E-value \u62bd\u51fa\ne_val_point &lt;- eval_res&#91;\"E-values\", \"point\"]\ne_val_lower &lt;- eval_res&#91;\"E-values\", \"lower\"]\n\ncat(sprintf(\"Point Estimate E-value : %.2f\\n\", e_val_point))\ncat(sprintf(\"95%% CI Limit E-value   : %.2f\\n\", e_val_lower))\n\n# 4. \u611f\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u30d7\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8 (Sensitivity Plot) \u306e\u8868\u793a\nbias_plot(RR = est_hr, xmax = 5)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u304a\u3059\u3059\u3081\u66f8\u7c4d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/4gyqDcS\">\u3044\u3061\u3070\u3093\u3084\u3055\u3057\u3044\u3001\u533b\u7642\u7d71\u8a08\u3000\u6539\u8a02\u7248\u301c\u56f3\u89e3\u3067\u3059\u3093\u306a\u308a\u308f\u304b\u308b\u7d71\u8a08\u306e\u57fa\u672c<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u300c\u5404\u5c02\u9580\u79d1\u306e\u82f1\u6587\u8a8c\u306b\u8ad6\u6587\u3092\u6295\u7a3f\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3001\u67fb\u8aad\u8005\u304b\u3089\u300e\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u89b3\u5bdf\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u55ab\u7159\u6b74\u3084\u8a73\u7d30\u306a\u91cd\u75c7\u5ea6\u306a\u3069\u306e\u672a\u6e2c\u5b9a\u4ea4\u7d61\uff08Unmeasured Confounding\uff09\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u304c\u5426\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002\u5358\u306bLimitation\u306b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u66f8 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4767,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"swell_btn_cv_data":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[64],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4762","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-64"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/E-value-scaled.jpeg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4762","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4762"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4762\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4769,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4762\/revisions\/4769"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4767"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4762"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4762"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4762"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}