{"id":4770,"date":"2026-08-16T21:32:49","date_gmt":"2026-08-16T12:32:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/?p=4770"},"modified":"2026-08-16T21:32:49","modified_gmt":"2026-08-16T12:32:49","slug":"break-free-from-p-value-dependency-a-complete-guide-to-intuitive-trial-robustness-evaluation-using-the-fragility-index-fi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/entry\/break-free-from-p-value-dependency-a-complete-guide-to-intuitive-trial-robustness-evaluation-using-the-fragility-index-fi\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u5024\u4f9d\u5b58\u75c7\u304b\u3089\u8131\u5374\u305b\u3088\uff01\u81e8\u5e8a\u8a66\u9a13\u306e\u30e2\u30ed\u3055\u3092\u300c\u4eba\u300d\u306e\u6570\u3067\u76f4\u611f\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b Fragility Index (FI) \u5b8c\u5168\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\u6709\u540d\u8a8c\uff08NEJM\u3084Lancet\u306a\u3069\uff09\u306b\u63b2\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6700\u65b0\u306e\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u5316\u6bd4\u8f03\u8a66\u9a13\uff08RCT\uff09\u3067\u3001$P = 0.042$ \u306e\u6709\u610f\u5dee\u304c\u51fa\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u65b0\u85ac\u7fa4\u306f\u5bfe\u7167\u7fa4\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u4e3b\u8981\u8a55\u4fa1\u9805\u76ee\u306e\u767a\u751f\u7387\u3092\u7d71\u8a08\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u6709\u610f\u306b\u6291\u5236\u3057\u305f\uff01\u2026\u2026\u3088\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u65b0\u85ac\u306f\u9593\u9055\u3044\u306a\u304f\u6709\u52b9\u3060\u304b\u3089\u3001\u660e\u65e5\u304b\u3089\u306e\u65e5\u5e38\u8a3a\u7642\u306b\u5c0e\u5165\u3057\u3088\u3046\uff01\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u6284\u8aad\u4f1a\uff08Journal Club\uff09\u3084\u6279\u5224\u7684\u541f\u5473\uff08Critical Appraisal\uff09\u306e\u73fe\u5834\u3067\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5224\u65ad\u3092\u4e0b\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3060\u308d\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u300c$P &lt; 0.05$\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9244\u58c1\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u6570\u5b57\u306f\u3001<strong>\u305f\u3063\u305f1\u301c2\u4eba\u306e\u60a3\u8005\u306e\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u53cd\u8ee2\uff08\u300c\u306a\u3057\u300d\u304b\u3089\u300c\u3042\u308a\u300d\u3078\u5909\u66f4\uff09\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3001\u4e00\u77ac\u306b\u3057\u3066 <\/strong>$P \\ge 0.05$<strong>\uff08\u975e\u6709\u610f\uff09\u3078\u5d29\u308c\u53bb\u308b<\/strong> \u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u5024\u3060\u3051\u306b\u983c\u308b\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u601d\u8003\uff08P\u30d0\u30a4\u30ca\u30ea\uff09\u306e\u9650\u754c\u304c\u53eb\u3070\u308c\u308b\u6628\u4eca\u3001\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u300c\u8106\u3055\uff08\u30e2\u30ed\u3055\uff09\u300d\u3092\u4eba\u9593\uff08\u60a3\u8005\uff09\u306e\u6570\u3068\u3044\u3046\u76f4\u611f\u7684\u306a\u6307\u6a19\u3067\u66b4\u304f\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u304c\u6ce8\u76ee\u3092\u96c6\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u304c <strong>Fragility Index\uff08FI \/ \u8106\u5f31\u6027\u6307\u6570\uff09<\/strong> \u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001P\u5024\u306e\u7f60\u304b\u3089 Fragility Index \u306e\u76f4\u611f\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3001\u5371\u967a\u306a\u8ad6\u6587\u3092\u4e00\u767a\u3067\u898b\u629c\u304f\u300cFI vs \u8ffd\u8de1\u4e0d\u80fd\u8005\u6570\uff08Lost to follow-up\uff09\u300d\u306e\u7d76\u5bfe\u30eb\u30fc\u30eb\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u88dc\u6b63\u3059\u308b Fragility Quotient (FQ)\u3001\u975e\u6709\u610f\u8a66\u9a13\u3092\u518d\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b Reverse Fragility Index (RFI)\u3001R\u3067\u306e\u5b9f\u8df5\u624b\u9806\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u6284\u8aad\u4f1a\u3067\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u8868\u73fe\u30c6\u30f3\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8\u307e\u3067\u3092\u5fb9\u5e95\u89e3\u8aac\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u300cP = 0.049\u300d\u306f\u9244\u58c1\u306e\u30a8\u30d3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b9\u304b\uff1fP\u5024\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\uff08P\u30d0\u30a4\u30ca\u30ea\uff09\u306e\u7f60<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u81e8\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u3092\u8aad\u3080\u969b\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u81e8\u5e8a\u533b\u304c\u771f\u3063\u5148\u306b\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u300c$P &lt; 0.05$\uff08\u6709\u610f\u5dee\u3042\u308a\uff09\u300d\u306e\u8a18\u8f09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001$P = 0.049$\uff08\u6709\u610f\uff09\u3068 $P = 0.051$\uff08\u975e\u6709\u610f\uff09\u306e\u9593\u306b\u3001\u81e8\u5e8a\u7684\u306a\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u5dee\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3060\u308d\u3046\u304b\uff1f \u6570\u5024\u306e\u5dee\u306f\u308f\u305a\u304b $0.002$ \u306b\u904e\u304e\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u95be\u5024\u3067\u3042\u308b $0.05$ \u3092\u8de8\u3044\u3060\u77ac\u9593\u306b\u300c\u65b0\u85ac\u306f\u5287\u7684\u306b\u6709\u52b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u304b\u3089\u300c\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u300d\u3078\u3068\u6975\u7aef\u306b\u8a55\u4fa1\u3092\u5207\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u73fe\u8c61\u306f\u3001<strong>\u300cP\u5024\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\uff08P\u30d0\u30a4\u30ca\u30ea\u601d\u8003\uff09\u300d<\/strong> \u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u5024\u306f\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u3001\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u6570\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u3070\u3089\u3064\u304d\u306b\u5927\u304d\u304f\u4f9d\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u6307\u6a19\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u306e $P$ \u5024\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u300c\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u8ad6\u304c\u3069\u308c\u307b\u3069\u63fa\u308b\u304e\u306a\u3044\u9811\u5065\uff08Robust\uff09\u306a\u3082\u306e\u304b\u300d\u3092\u6e2c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u7d50\u672b\u304c\u300c\u9244\u58c1\u306e\u52dd\u5229\u300d\u306a\u306e\u304b\u300c\u8584\u6c37\u306e\u4e0a\u306e\u52dd\u5229\u300d\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3092\u3001\u7d71\u8a08\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u3067\u306a\u3044\u81e8\u5e8a\u533b\u3067\u3082\u76f4\u611f\u7684\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u300c\u60a3\u8005\u306e\u4eba\u6570\u300d\u3067\u53ef\u8996\u5316\u3057\u305f\u6307\u6a19\u3053\u305d\u304c Fragility Index \u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Fragility Index\uff08FI\uff1a\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u6307\u6570\uff09\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u304b\uff1f\u76f4\u611f\u7684\u89e3\u91c8\u3068\u5b9a\u7fa9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ed6\u5206\u91ce\uff08\u6750\u6599\u79d1\u5b66\u3084\u91d1\u878d\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306a\u3069\uff09\u306b\u3082\u540c\u540d\u306e\u7528\u8a9e\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304c\u3001\u533b\u5b66\u30fb\u533b\u7642\u7d71\u8a08\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b <strong>Fragility Index\uff08FI \/ \u8106\u5f31\u6027\u6307\u6570\uff09<\/strong> \u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010Fragility Index (FI) \u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7d71\u8a08\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u6709\u610f\uff08$P &lt; 0.05$\uff09\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u81e8\u5e8a\u8a66\u9a13\uff082\u00d72\u5206\u5272\u8868\u306e\u4e8c\u5024\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001<strong>\u7d50\u8ad6\u3092\u300c\u975e\u6709\u610f\uff08<\/strong>$P \\ge 0.05$<strong>\uff09\u300d\u3078\u8ee2\u63db\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u3001\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u6700\u5c0f\u53cd\u8ee2\u4eba\u6570<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8a08\u7b97\u306e\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3068R\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7b97\u51fa\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">FI \u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u30ed\u30b8\u30c3\u30af\u306f\u6975\u3081\u3066\u30b7\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6cbb\u7642\u7fa4\u3068\u5bfe\u7167\u7fa4\u306e 2\u00d72 \u5206\u5272\u8868\uff08\u751f\u5b58\/\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3001\u767a\u75c7\/\u672a\u767a\u75c7\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u7528\u610f\u3057\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u306e Fisher \u306e\u6b63\u78ba\u691c\u5b9a\uff08Fisher&#8217;s Exact Test\uff09\u3067 $P &lt; 0.05$ \u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u767a\u751f\u7387\u304c\u4f4e\u3044\u65b9\u306e\u7fa4\uff08\u4f8b: \u6cbb\u7642\u7fa4\uff09\u304b\u3089\u3001\u300c\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u306a\u3057\u300d\u306e\u60a3\u8005\u3092 1 \u4eba\u9078\u3093\u3067\u300c\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u3042\u308a\u300d\u3078\u5909\u66f4\uff08\u632f\u308a\u66ff\u3048\uff09\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u632f\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u305f\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u518d\u5ea6 Fisher \u306e\u6b63\u78ba\u691c\u5b9a\u3092\u884c\u3044\u3001$P$ \u5024\u3092\u518d\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>$P \\ge 0.05$ \u306b\u9054\u3059\u308b\u307e\u3067\u300c\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u3042\u308a\u3078\u306e\u5909\u66f4\u300d\u3092 1 \u4eba\u305a\u3064\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u3001$P \\ge 0.05$<strong> \u306b\u9054\u3057\u305f\u6642\u70b9\u306e\u7d2f\u7a4d\u53cd\u8ee2\u4eba\u6570<\/strong> \u3092\u8a18\u9332\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4eba\u6570\u304c\u305d\u306e\u8a66\u9a13\u306e <strong>Fragility Index<\/strong> \u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u3010\u4f8b\u3011\n\u30fb\u5f53\u521d\u306e\u89e3\u6790: P = 0.042 (\u6709\u610f)\n\u30fb\u6cbb\u7642\u7fa4\u306e\u60a3\u8005 1 \u4eba\u306e\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u300c\u306a\u3057\u300d\u2192\u300c\u3042\u308a\u300d\u306b\u5909\u66f4 \u2794 P = 0.048 (\u307e\u3060\u6709\u610f)\n\u30fb\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3082\u3046 1 \u4eba\u306e\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u300c\u306a\u3057\u300d\u2192\u300c\u3042\u308a\u300d\u306b\u5909\u66f4 \u2794 P = 0.053 (\u975e\u6709\u610f\u3078\u8ee2\u63db\uff01)\n\n \u2794 \u3053\u306e\u8a66\u9a13\u306e Fragility Index (FI) \u306f \u300c 2 \u300d \u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c$\\text{FI} = 2$\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001<strong>\u300c\u305f\u3063\u305f 2 \u75c7\u4f8b\u306e\u904b\u547d\uff08\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u6709\u7121\uff09\u304c\u9006\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3001\u65b0\u85ac\u306e\u6709\u52b9\u6027\u306e\u7d50\u8ad6\u304c\u6d88\u3048\u3066\u3044\u305f\u300d<\/strong> \u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u306a\u304a\u3001FI \u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u306b\u306f2\u00d72\u5206\u5272\u8868\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b Fisher \u306e\u6b63\u78ba\u691c\u5b9a\u3092\u4f55\u5ea6\u3082\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u51e6\u7406\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001<strong>\u982d\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u6697\u7b97\u3057\u305f\u308a\u624b\u8a08\u7b97\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u4e8b\u5b9f\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd<\/strong>\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001R \u306a\u3069\u306e\u7d71\u8a08\u30bd\u30d5\u30c8\u3092\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u30011\u4f8b\u305a\u3064\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u305a\u3089\u3057\u3066 Fisher \u306e\u6b63\u78ba\u691c\u5b9a\u3092\u81ea\u52d5\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u8a08\u7b97\u3055\u305b\u308b\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u304c\u5f37\u304f\u63a8\u5968\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"biost-3021430351\" class=\"biost- biost-entity-placement\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/kmhl\">\uff1e\uff1e\u3082\u3046\u7d71\u8a08\u3067\u60a9\u3080\u306e\u306f\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u306b\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b\uff1f\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/kmhl\"><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2794 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/bn_r_03.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"327\" \/><\/a>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 20px;\"><strong><span class=\"marker2\">\u21911\u4e07\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u533b\u7642\u5f93\u4e8b\u8005\u304c\u8cfc\u8aad\u4e2d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u8ad6\u6587\u3092\u541f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u7d76\u5bfe\u30eb\u30fc\u30eb\uff1a\u300cFI vs \u8ffd\u8de1\u4e0d\u80fd\u8005\u6570\uff08Lost to follow-up\uff09\u300d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fragility Index \u3092\u81e8\u5e8a\u3067\u6279\u5224\u7684\u541f\u5473\u306b\u4f7f\u3046\u969b\u3001\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u30eb\u30fc\u30eb\u304c <strong>\u300c\u8ffd\u8de1\u4e0d\u80fd\u8005\u6570\uff08Lost to follow-up \/ \u30c9\u30ed\u30c3\u30d7\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u6570\uff09\u300d\u3068\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03<\/strong> \u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u81e8\u5e8a\u8a66\u9a13\u3067\u306f\u3001\u9014\u4e2d\u3067\u5f15\u8d8a\u3057\u3084\u81ea\u5df1\u4e2d\u65ad\u306a\u3069\u306b\u3088\u308a\u8ffd\u8de1\u4e0d\u80fd\uff08Lost to follow-up\uff09\u3068\u306a\u308b\u60a3\u8005\u304c\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u60a3\u8005\u306f\u89e3\u6790\u304b\u3089\u9664\u5916\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304b\u3001\u53f3\u5074\u6253\u5207\u308a\u3068\u3057\u3066\u51e6\u7406\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e 2 \u3064\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u4fe1\u6191\u6027\u306f\u4e00\u5909\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>$\\text{FI} > \\text{Lost to follow-up}$<strong>\uff08\u8ffd\u8de1\u4e0d\u80fd\u8005\u6570\uff09<\/strong>:\u8ffd\u8de1\u4e0d\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u60a3\u8005\u5168\u54e1\u304c\u4eee\u306b\u6700\u60aa\u306e\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u306a\u304a\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u6709\u610f\u6027\u304c\u7dad\u6301\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3053\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u7d50\u8ad6\u306f <strong>\u9811\u5065\uff08Robust\uff09<\/strong> \u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>$\\text{FI} \\le \\text{Lost to follow-up}$<strong>\uff08\u8ffd\u8de1\u4e0d\u80fd\u8005\u6570\uff09<\/strong>:\u6975\u3081\u3066\u5371\u967a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<strong>\u30c9\u30ed\u30c3\u30d7\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u3057\u305f\u308f\u305a\u304b\u6570\u4eba\u306e\u672a\u78ba\u8a8d\u60a3\u8005\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3001\u305f\u3063\u305f\u4f55\u4eba\u304b\u304c\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3060\u3051\u3067\u7d50\u8ad6\u304c\u53cd\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f<\/strong> \u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u306b <strong>\u8106\u3044\uff08Fragile\uff09<\/strong> \u3068\u5224\u65ad\u305b\u3056\u308b\u3092\u5f97\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u885d\u6483\u306e\u5b9f\u614b\uff1a\u4e3b\u8981\u533b\u5b66\u8a8c\u306eRCT\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308bWalsh\u3089\u306e\u7814\u7a76\uff082014\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Walsh \u6c0f\u3089\u304c <em>Journal of Clinical Epidemiology<\/em> \u306b\u767a\u8868\u3057\u305f\u4e3b\u8981\u533b\u5b66\u8a8c\uff08NEJM, Lancet, JAMA\u7b49\uff09\u63b2\u8f09\u306e RCT 399\u4ef6\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u611f\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790\u306f\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u306b\u5927\u304d\u306a\u885d\u6483\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u539f\u8457\u8ad6\u6587\u60c5\u5831\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Walsh M, Srinathan SK, McAuley DF, et al. The statistical significance of randomized controlled trial results is frequently fragile: a case for a Fragility Index. <em>J Clin Epidemiol<\/em>. 2014;67(6):622-628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.10.019\">DOI: 10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.10.019<\/a> \/ <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/24508144\/\">PubMed: 24508144<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u306a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e3b\u8981\u533b\u5b66\u8a8c\u306b\u63b2\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6709\u610f\u306a RCT \u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b <strong>FI \u306e\u4e2d\u592e\u5024\u306f\u308f\u305a\u304b\u300c 8 \u300d<\/strong> \u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5168\u8ad6\u6587\u306e <strong>25% \u3067\u306f <\/strong>$\\text{FI} \\le 3$\uff08\u305f\u3063\u305f 3 \u4eba\u306e\u53cd\u8ee2\u3067\u975e\u6709\u610f\u306b\u306a\u308b\uff09\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u3055\u3089\u306b\u9a5a\u304f\u3079\u304d\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3001<strong>\u534a\u6570\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\uff0853%\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066 <\/strong>$\\text{FI} &lt; \\text{Lost to follow-up}$<strong>\uff08FI\u304c\u8ffd\u8de1\u4e0d\u80fd\u8005\u6570\u3088\u308a\u3082\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\uff09<\/strong> \u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8457\u540d\u306a\u30c8\u30c3\u30d7\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30ca\u30eb\u306b\u8f09\u3063\u305f\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001$P &lt; 0.05$ \u306e\u88cf\u5074\u306b\u306f\u30c9\u30ed\u30c3\u30d7\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u3057\u305f\u6570\u4eba\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u6b21\u7b2c\u3067\u3072\u3063\u304f\u308a\u8fd4\u308b\u300c\u8106\u3044\u30a8\u30d3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b9\u300d\u304c\u6570\u591a\u304f\u6f5c\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u898f\u6a21\u306e\u9055\u3046\u8a66\u9a13\u3092\u6bd4\u3079\u308b\u300cFragility Quotient (FQ)\u300d\u3068\u975e\u6709\u610f\u8a66\u9a13\u306e\u300cRFI\u300d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fragility Index (FI) \u306f\u300c\u4eba\u6570\u300d\u3067\u8868\u3055\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u306b\u5927\u304d\u304f\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5074\u9762\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3092\u88dc\u5b8c\u30fb\u62e1\u5f35\u3059\u308b 2 \u3064\u306e\u6307\u6a19\u3092\u89e3\u8aac\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Fragility Quotient (FQ \/ \u8106\u5f31\u6027\u5546)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5168\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba $N = 10,000$ \u306e\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u8a66\u9a13\u3067\u306e $\\text{FI} = 5$ \u3068\u3001$N = 100$ \u306e\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u8a66\u9a13\u3067\u306e $\\text{FI} = 5$ \u306f\u3001\u540c\u3058\u300c\u8106\u3055\u300d\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u308b\u3060\u308d\u3046\u304b\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f53\u7136\u3001$N = 10,000$ \u3067\u306e $\\text{FI} = 5$ \u306e\u65b9\u304c\u3001\u5272\u5408\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u9065\u304b\u306b\u8106\u3044\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u306e\u9055\u3044\u3092\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u3057\u3001\u30d5\u30a7\u30a2\u306b\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6307\u6a19\u304c <strong>Fragility Quotient (FQ)<\/strong> \u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002$$\\text{FQ} = \\frac{\\text{Fragility Index (FI)}}{\\text{\u5168\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba } N}$$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u8a66\u9a13 (<\/strong>$N = 10,000$<strong>, <\/strong>$\\text{FI} = 5$<strong>)<\/strong>: $\\text{FQ} = \\frac{5}{10,000} = 0.0005$ ($0.05\\%$)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u8a66\u9a13 (<\/strong>$N = 100$<strong>, <\/strong>$\\text{FI} = 5$<strong>)<\/strong>: $\\text{FQ} = \\frac{5}{100} = 0.05$ ($5.0\\%$)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">FQ \u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u307b\u3069\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u76f8\u5bfe\u7684\u306b\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u8106\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3002\u8907\u6570\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u30e1\u30bf\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u30fb\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u306b\u541f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306b\u6709\u7528\u306a\u6307\u6a19\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Reverse Fragility Index (RFI \/ \u9006\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u6307\u6570)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fragility Index \u306f $P &lt; 0.05$\uff08\u6709\u610f\uff09\u306e\u8a66\u9a13\u3092\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u3059\u308b\u304c\u3001$P \\ge 0.05$\uff08\u975e\u6709\u610f\uff09\u3067\u300c\u5dee\u306a\u3057\uff08\u30cd\u30ac\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\uff09\u300d\u3068\u7d50\u8ad6\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308c\u305f\u8a66\u9a13\u3092\u518d\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\u6307\u6a19\u304c <strong>Reverse Fragility Index (RFI)<\/strong> \u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010Reverse Fragility Index (RFI) \u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7d71\u8a08\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u975e\u6709\u610f\uff08$P \\ge 0.05$\uff09\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8a66\u9a13\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001<strong>\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u300c\u6709\u610f\uff08<\/strong>$P &lt; 0.05$<strong>\uff09\u300d\u3078\u9006\u8ee2\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u3001\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u6700\u5c0f\u53cd\u8ee2\u4eba\u6570<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\u65b0\u85ac\u306b\u6709\u610f\u5dee\u304c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff08$P = 0.06$\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d50\u8ad6\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001$\\text{RFI} = 1$ \u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u300c\u305f\u3063\u305f 1 \u75c7\u4f8b\u591a\u304f\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u3001\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u6709\u610f\u306a\u6709\u52b9\u6027\u304c\u8a3c\u660e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u300d\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5358\u306a\u308b\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u4e0d\u8db3\uff08\u691c\u51fa\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\uff09\u306b\u3088\u308b\u507d\u9670\u6027\uff08Type II error\uff09\u3092\u7099\u308a\u51fa\u3059\u969b\u306b\u5a01\u529b\u3092\u767a\u63ee\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u3010\u5b9f\u8df5R\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u30112\u00d72\u5206\u5272\u8868\u304b\u3089\u306e Fragility Index &amp; Quotient \u7b97\u51fa\uff08Step by Step\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R \u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066 2\u00d72 \u5206\u5272\u8868\u306e\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u6570\u30921\u4eba\u305a\u3064\u5897\u52a0\u3055\u305b\u306a\u304c\u3089 Fisher \u306e\u6b63\u78ba\u691c\u5b9a\u3092\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3059\u624b\u9806\u3092\u89e3\u8aac\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 1: \u81e8\u5e8a\u8a66\u9a13\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e2\u00d72\u5206\u5272\u8868\u306e\u6e96\u5099<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6cbb\u7642\u7fa4\uff08Group A\uff09\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5bfe\u7167\u7fa4\uff08Group B\uff09\u306e\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u3068\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u767a\u751f\u6570\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u81e8\u5e8a\u8a66\u9a13\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u60f3\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u6cbb\u7642\u7fa4 (Group A)<\/strong>: 200\u4eba\u4e2d 10\u4eba\u304c\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u767a\u751f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5bfe\u7167\u7fa4 (Group B)<\/strong>: 200\u4eba\u4e2d 22\u4eba\u304c\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u767a\u751f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u6e96\u5099\ne1 &lt;- 10   # \u6cbb\u7642\u7fa4\u306e\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u6570\nn1 &lt;- 200  # \u6cbb\u7642\u7fa4\u306e\u7dcf\u6570\ne2 &lt;- 22   # \u5bfe\u7167\u7fa4\u306e\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u6570\nn2 &lt;- 200  # \u5bfe\u7167\u7fa4\u306e\u7dcf\u6570\n\n# 2x2 \u5206\u5272\u8868\u306e\u4f5c\u6210\ntab &lt;- matrix(c(e1, n1 - e1, e2, n2 - e2), nrow = 2, byrow = TRUE)\ncolnames(tab) &lt;- c(\"Event\", \"No_Event\")\nrownames(tab) &lt;- c(\"Group_A\", \"Group_B\")\n\nprint(tab)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 2: \u521d\u671f P \u5024\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d\uff08Fisher\u306e\u6b63\u78ba\u691c\u5b9a\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u901a\u5e38\u306e Fisher&#8217;s Exact Test \u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u3001\u521d\u671f\u72b6\u614b\u306e $P$ \u5024\u304c $0.05$ \u672a\u6e80\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \u521d\u671f P \u5024\u306e\u7b97\u51fa\ninitial_test &lt;- fisher.test(tab)\ninitial_p &lt;- initial_test$p.value\n\ncat(sprintf(\"\u521d\u671f P \u5024: %.4f\\n\", initial_p))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51fa\u529b\u7d50\u679c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>> cat(sprintf(\"\u521d\u671f P \u5024: %.4f\\n\", initial_p))\n\u521d\u671f P \u5024: 0.0412<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u521d\u671f $P$ \u5024\u306f $0.0412$ \u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u6709\u610f\uff08$P &lt; 0.05$\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 3: \u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u53cd\u8ee2\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306b\u3088\u308b FI \u3068 FQ \u306e\u81ea\u52d5\u7b97\u51fa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6cbb\u7642\u7fa4\u306e\u300c\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u306a\u3057\u300d\u60a3\u8005\u3092 1 \u4eba\u305a\u3064\u300c\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u3042\u308a\u300d\u306b\u632f\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3001Fisher \u691c\u5b9a\u3092\u518d\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u5b9f\u88c5\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u51e6\u7406\u7528\u5909\u6570\u306e\u521d\u671f\u5316\ncurrent_e1 &lt;- e1\ncurrent_p &lt;- initial_p\nfi_count &lt;- 0\n\n# P\u5024\u304c 0.05 \u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u306a\u308b\u307e\u3067\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u6570\u30921\u5897\u52a0\u3055\u305b\u308b\nwhile (current_p &lt; 0.05 &amp;&amp; current_e1 &lt; n1) {\n  fi_count &lt;- fi_count + 1\n  current_e1 &lt;- current_e1 + 1\n  \n  # \u4fee\u6b63\u3057\u305f\u5206\u5272\u8868\u306e\u4f5c\u6210\n  temp_tab &lt;- matrix(c(current_e1, n1 - current_e1, e2, n2 - e2), nrow = 2, byrow = TRUE)\n  current_p &lt;- fisher.test(temp_tab)$p.value\n}\n\n# Fragility Quotient (FQ) \u306e\u7b97\u51fa\ntotal_n &lt;- n1 + n2\nfq_value &lt;- fi_count \/ total_n\n\n# \u7d50\u679c\u306e\u8868\u793a\ncat(sprintf(\"Fragility Index (FI) : %d\\n\", fi_count))\ncat(sprintf(\"Fragility Quotient (FQ): %.4f (%.2f%%)\\n\", fq_value, fq_value * 100))\ncat(sprintf(\"\u53cd\u8ee2\u5f8c\u306e P \u5024         : %.4f\\n\", current_p))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51fa\u529b\u7d50\u679c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>> # \u7d50\u679c\u306e\u8868\u793a\n> cat(sprintf(\"Fragility Index (FI) : %d\\n\", fi_count))\nFragility Index (FI) : 1\n> cat(sprintf(\"Fragility Quotient (FQ): %.4f (%.2f%%)\\n\", fq_value, fq_value * 100))\nFragility Quotient (FQ): 0.0025 (0.25%)\n> cat(sprintf(\"\u53cd\u8ee2\u5f8c\u306e P \u5024         : %.4f\\n\", current_p))\n\u53cd\u8ee2\u5f8c\u306e P \u5024         : 0.0678<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001$\\text{FI} = 1$\uff081\u4eba\u306e\u5909\u66f4\u3067 $P = 0.0678$ \u306b\u5230\u9054\uff09\u304a\u3088\u3073 $\\text{FQ} = 0.0025$ ($0.25\\%$) \u304c\u7b97\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \u8ad6\u6587\u6284\u8aad\u4f1a\uff08Journal Club\uff09\u3067\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\uff06\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u8a18\u8ff0\u30c6\u30f3\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6284\u8aad\u4f1a\u3067\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u5f37\u3055\u3092\u92ed\u304f\u6279\u5224\u7684\u541f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3068\u3001\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u8003\u5bdf\u3084\u6284\u8aad\u4f1a\u30ec\u30b8\u30e5\u30e1\u30fb\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u8868\u73fe\u30c6\u30f3\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6284\u8aad\u4f1a\u3067\u7a81\u3063\u8fbc\u3080\u305f\u3081\u306e 3 \u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u30fb\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>$P$<strong> \u5024\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d\u3060\u3051\u306b\u7d42\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001R\u306a\u3069\u3067 FI \u3092\u63a8\u8a08\u3057\u305f\u304b\uff1f<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>$P = 0.03$ \u3084 $0.04$ \u4ed8\u8fd1\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u3092\u898b\u305f\u3089\u3001\u300c\u4f55\u4eba\u306e\u53cd\u8ee2\u3067\u8986\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3057\u3066\u307f\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>FI \u3068 Lost to follow-up\uff08\u30c9\u30ed\u30c3\u30d7\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u6570\uff09\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u305f\u304b\uff1f<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>$\\text{FI} \\le \\text{Lost to follow-up}$ \u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u300c\u3053\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u306f\u30c9\u30ed\u30c3\u30d7\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u3057\u305f\u6570\u4eba\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u6b21\u7b2c\u3067\u7d50\u8ad6\u304c\u3072\u3063\u304f\u308a\u8fd4\u308b\u8106\u5f31\u306a\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u6307\u6458\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u305f FQ \u3092\u610f\u8b58\u3057\u305f\u304b\uff1f<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6570\u4e07\u4eba\u898f\u6a21\u306e\u30e1\u30ac\u30c8\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30eb\u3067 FI \u304c\u4e00\u6841\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001FQ \u306f\u6975\u3081\u3066\u5c0f\u3055\u304f\u306a\u308a\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u8106\u3055\u306b\u6ce8\u610f\u3092\u6255\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8ad6\u6587\u8003\u5bdf\u30fb\u6284\u8aad\u4f1a\u30ec\u30b8\u30e5\u30e1\u3067\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u8868\u73fe\u30c6\u30f3\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u81ea\u8aac\u306e\u9650\u754c\uff08Limitation\uff09\u3084\u8003\u5bdf\u3067\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\uff08\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u4f8b\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u8a55\u4fa1\u9805\u76ee\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u7d71\u8a08\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u6709\u610f\u306a\u6291\u5236\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u89b3\u5bdf\u3055\u308c\u305f\uff08$P = 0.0412$\uff09\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3001Fragility Index\uff08\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u6307\u6570\uff09\u306f 1 \u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001Fragility Quotient \u306f 0.25% \u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8ffd\u8de1\u4e0d\u80fd\u60a3\u8005\u6570\u306f 5 \u4f8b\uff08$n = 5$\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001Fragility Index \u3092\u4e0a\u56de\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u4e3b\u8981\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u9811\u5065\u6027\uff08Robustness\uff09\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u614e\u91cd\u306b\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6284\u8aad\u4f1a\u30ec\u30b8\u30e5\u30e1\u30fb\u6279\u5224\u7684\u8b70\u8ad6\u3067\u6307\u6458\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\uff08\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u4f8b\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\u8457\u8005\u3089\u306f\u65b0\u898f\u6cbb\u7642\u7fa4\u306e\u7d71\u8a08\u5b66\u7684\u6709\u610f\u306a\u512a\u8d8a\u6027\u3092\u5831\u544a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08$P = 0.0412$\uff09\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u4e3b\u8981\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u30ab\u30e0\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b Fragility Index\uff08FI\uff09\u306f\u308f\u305a\u304b 1 \u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u672c\u8a66\u9a13\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8ffd\u8de1\u4e0d\u80fd\u8005\u6570\uff08$n = 5$\uff09\u306f FI\uff081\uff09\u3092\u5927\u304d\u304f\u4e0a\u56de\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u30c9\u30ed\u30c3\u30d7\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u3057\u305f\u6570\u4f8b\u306e\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u767a\u73fe\u72b6\u6cc1\u6b21\u7b2c\u3067\u7d50\u8ad6\u304c\u5bb9\u6613\u306b\u975e\u6709\u610f\u3078\u53cd\u8ee2\u3059\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u306b\u8106\u5f31\u306a\u7d50\u679c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u672c\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u307f\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u76f4\u3061\u306b\u65e5\u5e38\u8a3a\u7642\u306e\u30d7\u30e9\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30b9\u3092\u5909\u66f4\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306f\u614e\u91cd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. \u307e\u3068\u3081\uff06\u4e00\u62ec\u30b3\u30d4\u30da\u7528R\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30d7\u30c8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u304a\u3055\u3089\u3044<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u300c<\/strong>$P &lt; 0.05$<strong>\u300d\u306f\u9244\u58c1\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044<\/strong>: \u5358\u4e00\u306e $P$ \u5024\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u5805\u7262\u6027\u306f\u6e2c\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>FI \u306f\u3001R\u306a\u3069\u3067\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u304c\u5fc5\u9808<\/strong>: 2\u00d72\u5206\u5272\u8868\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u30661\u4f8b\u305a\u3064\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u5897\u52a0\u3055\u305b\u3066 Fisher \u6b63\u78ba\u691c\u5b9a\u3092\u518d\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>$\\text{FI} \\le \\text{Lost to follow-up}$<strong> \u306f\u8b66\u544a\u4fe1\u53f7<\/strong>: \u8ffd\u8de1\u4e0d\u80fd\u60a3\u8005\u306e\u6570\u3088\u308a FI \u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u7d50\u8ad6\u306f\u6975\u3081\u3066\u8106\u3044\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>FQ \u3067\u7814\u7a76\u898f\u6a21\u3092\u6a19\u6e96\u5316<\/strong>: \u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u306e\u9055\u3044\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3057\u305f\u516c\u6b63\u306a\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u5272\u5408\u3092\u7b97\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>RFI \u3067\u30cd\u30ac\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u8a66\u9a13\u3092\u518d\u8a55\u4fa1<\/strong>: $P \\ge 0.05$ \u306e\u8a66\u9a13\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3042\u3068\u4f55\u4eba\u3067\u6709\u610f\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u304b\u3092\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e00\u62ec\u5b9f\u884c\u7528R\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30d7\u30c8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u30b3\u30d4\u30fc\uff06\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u30012\u00d72\u5206\u5272\u8868\u306e\u5165\u529b\u304b\u3089\u521d\u671f $P$ \u5024\u3001Fragility Index (FI)\u3001Fragility Quotient (FQ) \u306e\u7b97\u51fa\u307e\u3067\u3092\u4e00\u6c17\u901a\u8cab\u3067\u8d70\u3089\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># ==============================================================================\n# Fragility Index (FI) &amp; Fragility Quotient (FQ) \u81ea\u52d5\u7b97\u51fa\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30d7\u30c8\n# ==============================================================================\n\ncalculate_fragility &lt;- function(e1, n1, e2, n2) {\n  # 2x2 \u5206\u5272\u8868\u306e\u4f5c\u6210\n  tab &lt;- matrix(c(e1, n1 - e1, e2, n2 - e2), nrow = 2, byrow = TRUE)\n  \n  # \u521d\u671f P \u5024\u306e\u7b97\u51fa (Fisher's Exact Test)\n  initial_p &lt;- fisher.test(tab)$p.value\n  \n  if (initial_p &gt;= 0.05) {\n    stop(\"\u521d\u671f P \u5024\u304c 0.05 \u4ee5\u4e0a\u3067\u3059\u3002Fragility Index \u306f P &lt; 0.05 \u306e\u8a66\u9a13\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u8a08\u7b97\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\")\n  }\n  \n  current_e1 &lt;- e1\n  current_p &lt;- initial_p\n  fi_count &lt;- 0\n  \n  # \u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u53cd\u8ee2\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\uff08Fisher\u6b63\u78ba\u691c\u5b9a\u306e\u53cd\u5fa9\u51e6\u7406\uff09\n  while (current_p &lt; 0.05 &amp;&amp; current_e1 &lt; n1) {\n    fi_count &lt;- fi_count + 1\n    current_e1 &lt;- current_e1 + 1\n    temp_tab &lt;- matrix(c(current_e1, n1 - current_e1, e2, n2 - e2), nrow = 2, byrow = TRUE)\n    current_p &lt;- fisher.test(temp_tab)$p.value\n  }\n  \n  total_n &lt;- n1 + n2\n  fq_val &lt;- fi_count \/ total_n\n  \n  # \u7d50\u679c\u306e\u51fa\u529b\n  cat(\"====================================================\\n\")\n  cat(\"             FRAGILITY INDEX ANALYSIS               \\n\")\n  cat(\"====================================================\\n\")\n  cat(sprintf(\"\u6cbb\u7642\u7fa4 (Group 1)  : %d \/ %d (%.2f%%)\\n\", e1, n1, (e1\/n1)*100))\n  cat(sprintf(\"\u5bfe\u7167\u7fa4 (Group 2)  : %d \/ %d (%.2f%%)\\n\", e2, n2, (e2\/n2)*100))\n  cat(sprintf(\"\u521d\u671f P \u5024 (Fisher): %.4f\\n\", initial_p))\n  cat(\"----------------------------------------------------\\n\")\n  cat(sprintf(\"Fragility Index (FI)     : %d \u4eba\\n\", fi_count))\n  cat(sprintf(\"Fragility Quotient (FQ)  : %.4f (%.2f%%)\\n\", fq_val, fq_val * 100))\n  cat(sprintf(\"\u53cd\u8ee2\u5f8c P \u5024             : %.4f\\n\", current_p))\n  cat(\"====================================================\\n\")\n}\n\n# --- \u5b9f\u884c\u4f8b ---\n# \u6cbb\u7642\u7fa4: 200\u4eba\u4e2d10\u4eba\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u3001\u5bfe\u7167\u7fa4: 200\u4eba\u4e2d22\u4eba\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\ncalculate_fragility(e1 = 10, n1 = 200, e2 = 22, n2 = 200)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51fa\u529b\u7d50\u679c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>> # --- \u5b9f\u884c\u4f8b ---\n> # \u6cbb\u7642\u7fa4: 200\u4eba\u4e2d10\u4eba\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u3001\u5bfe\u7167\u7fa4: 200\u4eba\u4e2d22\u4eba\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\n> calculate_fragility(e1 = 10, n1 = 200, e2 = 22, n2 = 200)\n====================================================\n             FRAGILITY INDEX ANALYSIS               \n====================================================\n\u6cbb\u7642\u7fa4 (Group 1)  : 10 \/ 200 (5.00%)\n\u5bfe\u7167\u7fa4 (Group 2)  : 22 \/ 200 (11.00%)\n\u521d\u671f P \u5024 (Fisher): 0.0412\n----------------------------------------------------\nFragility Index (FI)     : 1 \u4eba\nFragility Quotient (FQ)  : 0.0025 (0.25%)\n\u53cd\u8ee2\u5f8c P \u5024             : 0.0678\n====================================================<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u304a\u3059\u3059\u3081\u66f8\u7c4d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/4hCTPk2\">\u3044\u3061\u3070\u3093\u3084\u3055\u3057\u3044\u3001\u533b\u7642\u7d71\u8a08\u3000\u6539\u8a02\u7248\u301c\u56f3\u89e3\u3067\u3059\u3093\u306a\u308a\u308f\u304b\u308b\u7d71\u8a08\u306e\u57fa\u672c<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u300c\u6709\u540d\u8a8c\uff08NEJM\u3084Lancet\u306a\u3069\uff09\u306b\u63b2\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6700\u65b0\u306e\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u5316\u6bd4\u8f03\u8a66\u9a13\uff08RCT\uff09\u3067\u3001$P = 0.042$ \u306e\u6709\u610f\u5dee\u304c\u51fa\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u65b0\u85ac\u7fa4\u306f\u5bfe\u7167\u7fa4\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u4e3b\u8981\u8a55\u4fa1\u9805\u76ee\u306e\u767a\u751f\u7387\u3092\u7d71\u8a08\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u6709\u610f\u306b\u6291\u5236\u3057\u305f\uff01\u2026\u2026\u3088\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u65b0\u85ac [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4772,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"swell_btn_cv_data":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[96],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4770","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fragility-index"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Fragility-Index-scaled.jpeg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4770","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4770"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4770\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4771,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4770\/revisions\/4771"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4772"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4770"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4770"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4770"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}