{"id":4774,"date":"2026-08-27T06:38:55","date_gmt":"2026-08-26T21:38:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/?p=4774"},"modified":"2026-08-27T06:38:56","modified_gmt":"2026-08-26T21:38:56","slug":"practical-manual-for-researchers-struggling-with-low-response-rates-evaluating-and-correcting-non-response-bias","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/entry\/practical-manual-for-researchers-struggling-with-low-response-rates-evaluating-and-correcting-non-response-bias\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4f4e\u56de\u7b54\u7387\u306b\u60a9\u3080\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u300c\u7121\u56de\u7b54\u30d0\u30a4\u30a2\u30b9\u300d\u8a55\u4fa1\u30fb\u88dc\u6b63\u5b9f\u8df5\u30de\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30eb"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\u82e6\u52b4\u3057\u3066\u5b9f\u65bd\u3057\u305f\u30a2\u30f3\u30b1\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u56de\u53ce\u7387\u304c15%\u306b\u3057\u304b\u306a\u3089\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\u4e0a\u53f8\u3084\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u67fb\u8aad\u8005\u304b\u3089\u300e\u672a\u56de\u7b54\u8005\u306e\u610f\u898b\u304c\u629c\u3051\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u504f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u300f\u3068\u6307\u6458\u3055\u308c\u305f\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30de\u30fc\u30b1\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u30ea\u30b5\u30fc\u30c1\u3001\u81ea\u6cbb\u4f53\u306e\u4f4f\u6c11\u30a2\u30f3\u30b1\u30fc\u30c8\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u516c\u8846\u885b\u751f\u30fb\u75ab\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u5b9f\u52d9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8ab2\u984c\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3059\u308b\u5834\u9762\u306f\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u3053\u3067\u9665\u308a\u304c\u3061\u306a\u8aa4\u89e3\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u300c\u56de\u53ce\u7387\u304c\u4f4e\u3044\uff1d\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\uff08$n$\uff09\u304c\u6e1b\u3063\u3066\u63a8\u8a08\u8aa4\u5dee\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3060\u3051\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u697d\u89b3\u8996\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u771f\u306b\u8b66\u6212\u3059\u3079\u304d\u306f\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u6570\u306e\u6e1b\u5c11\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002<strong>\u300c\u56de\u7b54\u8005\u300d\u3068\u300c\u672a\u56de\u7b54\u8005\u300d\u306e\u9593\u306b\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u306a\u6027\u8cea\u306e\u9055\u3044\uff08\u30d0\u30a4\u30a2\u30b9\uff09\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068<\/strong>\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u30e9\u30fc\u30e1\u30f3\u5e97\u306e\u300c\u304a\u5ba2\u69d8\u6e80\u8db3\u5ea6\u30a2\u30f3\u30b1\u30fc\u30c8\u300d\u306b\u898b\u308b\u30d0\u30a4\u30a2\u30b9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u3042\u308b\u30e9\u30fc\u30e1\u30f3\u5e97\u3067\u300c\u5e97\u306e\u5473\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u6e80\u8db3\u5ea6\u30a2\u30f3\u30b1\u30fc\u30c8\u300d\u3092\u5b9f\u65bd\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5473\u306b\u6df1\u304f\u611f\u52d5\u3057\u305f\u9867\u5ba2<\/strong>\uff1a\u611f\u8b1d\u3092\u4f1d\u3048\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u9032\u3093\u3067\u56de\u7b54\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5473\u306b\u5f37\u3044\u4e0d\u6e80\u3092\u6301\u3063\u305f\u9867\u5ba2<\/strong>\uff1a\u30a2\u30f3\u30b1\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u66f8\u304b\u305a\u306b\u4e8c\u5ea6\u3068\u6765\u5e97\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u53ef\u3082\u306a\u304f\u4e0d\u53ef\u3082\u306a\u3044\u3068\u611f\u3058\u305f\u9867\u5ba2<\/strong>\uff1a\u56de\u7b54\u3092\u9762\u5012\u306b\u611f\u3058\u3066\u63d0\u51fa\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u30a2\u30f3\u30b1\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u96c6\u8a08\u3057\u3001\u300c\u6e80\u8db3\u5ea698%\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u5f97\u3066\u5b89\u5fc3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5e97\u306f\u9060\u304b\u3089\u305a\u5ba2\u8db3\u3092\u5931\u3046\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4e0d\u6e80\u3084\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u306a\u8a55\u4fa1\u3092\u6301\u3064\u30b5\u30a4\u30ec\u30f3\u30c8\u30de\u30b8\u30e7\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u58f0\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u8131\u843d\u3057\u3001\u8a55\u4fa1\u304c\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u5c64\uff08\u5927\u6e80\u8db3\u5c64\uff09\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3078\u6b6a\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u304c\u7121\u56de\u7b54\u30d0\u30a4\u30a2\u30b9\uff08Non-response bias\uff09\u306e\u6b63\u4f53\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u898b\u3048\u306a\u3044\u504f\u308a\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3001\u8abf\u67fb\u524d\u306e\u4e88\u9632\u7b56\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u56de\u53ce\u5f8c\u306e\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u88dc\u6b63\u624b\u6cd5\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u89e3\u8aac\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u57fa\u790e\u77e5\u8b58\uff1a\u7121\u56de\u7b54\u30d0\u30a4\u30a2\u30b9\u30683\u3064\u306e\u6b20\u6e2c\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\uff08MCAR\u30fbMAR\u30fbMNAR\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7121\u56de\u7b54\u30d0\u30a4\u30a2\u30b9\u3078\u5bfe\u51e6\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u6b20\u640d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7406\u7531\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u6b20\u6e2c\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\uff08Missingness Mechanism\uff09\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7d71\u8a08\u5b66\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6b20\u6e2c\u3092\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e3\u3064\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306b\u5206\u985e\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u3010\u6b20\u6e2c\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u306e\u5206\u985e\u3011\n\n   \u25b2 \u9ad8\uff08\u88dc\u6b63\u56f0\u96e3\uff09\n  \/ \\\n \/ MNAR \\ MNAR\uff08\u975e\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u6b20\u6e2c\uff09\uff1a\u7121\u56de\u7b54\u306e\u7406\u7531\u81ea\u4f53\u304c\u672a\u89b3\u6e2c\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\u5024\u306b\u3042\u308b\n\/--------\\\n|  MAR   | MAR\uff08\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u6b20\u6e2c\uff09\uff1a\u6027\u5225\u3084\u5e74\u9f62\u306a\u3069\u4ed6\u306e\u89b3\u5bdf\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3067\u88dc\u6b63\u53ef\u80fd\n|--------|\n|  MCAR  | MCAR\uff08\u5b8c\u5168\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u6b20\u6e2c\uff09\uff1a\u5076\u767a\u7684\u306a\u6b20\u640d\u3002\u88dc\u6b63\u4e0d\u8981\n+--------+ \u4f4e\uff08\u554f\u984c\u306a\u3057\uff09\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u9055\u3044\u3092\u3001\u300c\u5065\u5eb7\u8a3a\u67fb\u306e\u554f\u554f\u7968\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4f53\u91cd\u306e\u56de\u7b54\u304c\u629c\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7406\u7531\u300d\u3092\u4f8b\u306b\u6574\u7406\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">MCAR\uff08Missing Completely at Random\uff1a\u5b8c\u5168\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u6b20\u6e2c\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u72b6\u614b<\/strong>\uff1a\u56de\u7b54\u8005\u306e\u3046\u3063\u304b\u308a\u30df\u30b9\u3084\u3001\u914d\u9001\u904e\u7a0b\u3067\u306e\u7d1b\u5931\u306a\u3069\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u306b\u6b20\u6e2c\u304c\u751f\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u72b6\u614b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a\u300c\u8a18\u5165\u6642\u306b\u5076\u7136\u4e00\u884c\u8aad\u307f\u98db\u3070\u3057\u305f\u300d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5f71\u97ff<\/strong>\uff1a\u5358\u306b\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u304c\u6e1b\u5c11\u3057\u3001\u63a8\u5b9a\u7cbe\u5ea6\uff08\u6a19\u6e96\u8aa4\u5dee\uff09\u304c\u843d\u3061\u308b\u306e\u307f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6b8b\u5b58\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u307f\u3067\u96c6\u8a08\u3057\u3066\u3082\u63a8\u8a08\u5024\u81ea\u4f53\u306f\u6b6a\u307e\u306a\u3044\uff08<strong>\u88dc\u6b63\u4e0d\u8981<\/strong>\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">MAR\uff08Missing at Random\uff1a\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u6b20\u6e2c\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u72b6\u614b<\/strong>\uff1a\u7121\u56de\u7b54\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u767a\u751f\u78ba\u7387\u304c\u300c\u4ed6\u306e\u89b3\u5bdf\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\uff08\u5e74\u4ee3\u3084\u6027\u5225\u306a\u3069\uff09\u300d\u3067\u8aac\u660e\u3067\u304d\u308b\u72b6\u614b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a\u300c\u9ad8\u9f62\u5c64\u307b\u3069\u8a18\u5165\u3092\u8ca0\u62c5\u306b\u611f\u3058\u3066\u672a\u56de\u7b54\u7387\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u304c\u3001\u540c\u4e00\u5e74\u4ee3\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a70\u4ee3\u5185\u90e8\uff09\u3067\u898b\u308c\u3070\u3001\u4f53\u91cd\u306e\u5024\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u3089\u305a\u7b49\u3057\u3044\u78ba\u7387\u3067\u7121\u56de\u7b54\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5f71\u97ff<\/strong>\uff1a\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u96c6\u8a08\u3059\u308b\u3068\u56de\u7b54\u7387\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u5c64\u306e\u610f\u898b\u306b\u504f\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001<strong>\u300c\u5e74\u4ee3\u300d\u7b49\u306e\u89b3\u5bdf\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u88dc\u52a9\u5909\u6570\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7d71\u8a08\u88dc\u6b63\u306b\u7528\u3044\u308c\u3070\u3001\u6b6a\u307f\u306e\u306a\u3044\u63a8\u8a08\u306b\u5fa9\u5143\u53ef\u80fd<\/strong>\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">MNAR\uff08Missing Not at Random\uff1a\u975e\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u6b20\u6e2c\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u72b6\u614b<\/strong>\uff1a\u7121\u56de\u7b54\u306e\u767a\u751f\u7406\u7531\u304c\u3001\u300c\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u9805\u76ee\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\uff08\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u672a\u89b3\u6e2c\u306e\u8981\u56e0\uff09\u300d\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u72b6\u614b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a\u300c\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u4f53\u91cd\uff08\u80a5\u6e80\u50be\u5411\uff09\u306b\u30b3\u30f3\u30d7\u30ec\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u304c\u3042\u308b\u4eba\u307b\u3069\u3001\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u767d\u7d19\u3067\u63d0\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u300d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5f71\u97ff<\/strong>\uff1a\u6b20\u6e2c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u7406\u7531\u304c\u96a0\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u624b\u5143\u306b\u3042\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u307f\u304b\u3089\u63a8\u6e2c\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u56f0\u96e3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5358\u7d14\u306a\u88dc\u6b63\u3067\u306f\u5bfe\u51e6\u3057\u304d\u308c\u306a\u3044\u6700\u96e3\u95a2\u306e\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6b20\u6e2c\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u4e00\u89a7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u7121\u56de\u7b54\u306e\u767a\u751f\u7406\u7531<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u7d50\u679c\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u4e3b\u306a\u5bfe\u51e6\u6cd5<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>MCAR<\/strong><\/td><td>\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u5076\u7136<\/td><td>\u5206\u6563\u306e\u62e1\u5927\uff08\u7cbe\u5ea6\u306e\u4f4e\u4e0b\uff09<\/td><td>\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u30ef\u30a4\u30ba\u524a\u9664\uff08\u7279\u5225\u51e6\u7406\u4e0d\u8981\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>MAR<\/strong><\/td><td>\u4ed6\u306e\u89b3\u5bdf\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58<\/td><td><strong>\u63a8\u5b9a\u5024\u306e\u6b6a\u307f\uff08\u30d0\u30a4\u30a2\u30b9\u767a\u751f\uff09<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u88dc\u6b63\uff08\u30dd\u30b9\u30c8\u5c64\u5316\u3001IPW\u3001MI\u306a\u3069\uff09<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>MNAR<\/strong><\/td><td>\u6e2c\u5b9a\u9805\u76ee\u81ea\u4f53\u3084\u672a\u89b3\u6e2c\u8981\u56e0\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58<\/td><td><strong>\u63a8\u8a08\u5024\u306e\u6df1\u523b\u306a\u6b6a\u307f<\/strong><\/td><td>\u30d8\u30c3\u30af\u30de\u30f3\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3001<strong>\u611f\u5ea6\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u8abf\u67fb\u8a2d\u8a08\u30fb\u5b9f\u65bd\u6bb5\u968e\u3067\u3067\u304d\u308b5\u3064\u306e\u4e88\u9632\u7b56<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3044\u304b\u306b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u88dc\u6b63\u624b\u6cd5\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u56de\u53ce\u7387\u304c\u6975\u7aef\u306b\u4f4e\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3084\u91cd\u8981\u5909\u6570\u304c\u6b20\u640d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u88dc\u6b63\u306b\u306f\u9650\u754c\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3002<strong>\u6700\u3082\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u306f\u3001\u8abf\u67fb\u6bb5\u968e\u3067\u7121\u56de\u7b54\u767a\u751f\u3092\u6700\u5c0f\u9650\u306b\u6291\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068<\/strong>\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u8a2d\u554f\u6570\u306e\u524a\u6e1b\u3068UI\/UX\u306e\u6700\u9069\u5316<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8cea\u554f\u9805\u76ee\u304c\u591a\u3044\u30a2\u30f3\u30b1\u30fc\u30c8\u306f\u9014\u4e2d\u96e2\u8131\u7387\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\u3002\u300c\u5206\u6790\u3067\u771f\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u9805\u76ee\u300d\u3078\u53b3\u9078\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u57fa\u672c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30b9\u30de\u30fc\u30c8\u30d5\u30a9\u30f3\u7b49\u3067\u306e\u56de\u7b54\u3092\u60f3\u5b9a\u3057\u305fUI\u8a2d\u8a08\uff08\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u62bc\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3055\u3001\u9032\u6357\u8868\u793a\uff09\u306e\u6700\u9069\u5316\u3082\u5fc5\u9808\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u30ea\u30de\u30a4\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u30fb\u8ffd\u8de1\u8abf\u67fb\u306e\u8a2d\u8a08<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\u56de\u7b54\u3092\u5fd8\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u300d\u5c64\uff08MCAR\u3084MAR\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u5c64\uff09\u3092\u56de\u53ce\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u3084\u901a\u77e5\u3067\u8907\u6570\u56de\uff082\u301c3\u56de\uff09\u306e\u30ea\u30de\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u56de\u53ce\u7387\u304c10\u301c20%\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6539\u5584\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u306f\u591a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u88dc\u52a9\u5909\u6570\u306e\u4e8b\u524d\u53ce\u96c6\uff08MAR\u4eee\u5b9a\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u88dc\u6b63\u3078\u306e\u5099\u3048\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9014\u4e2d\u3067\u56de\u7b54\u3092\u4e2d\u65ad\u3057\u305f\u8005\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u300c\u6027\u5225\u300d\u300c\u5e74\u4ee3\u300d\u300c\u5c45\u4f4f\u5730\u57df\u300d\u300c\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u5229\u7528\u5c65\u6b74\uff08\u4f1a\u54e1\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u7b49\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u57fa\u672c\u5c5e\u6027\u304c\u5c5e\u6027\u30ed\u30b0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6b8b\u308b\uff08\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u65e2\u5b58\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u3068\u7d10\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308b\uff09\u8a2d\u8a08\u306b\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3002\u5f8c\u304b\u3089\u300cMAR\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7d71\u8a08\u88dc\u6b63\u3092\u884c\u3046\u969b\u306e\u5fc5\u9808\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u7121\u56de\u7b54\u8005\u8ffd\u8de1\u8abf\u67fb\uff08Non-response Follow-up: NRFU\uff09\u306e\u5b9f\u65bd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672a\u56de\u7b54\u8005\u306e\u4e2d\u304b\u3089\u7121\u4f5c\u70ba\u306b\u4e00\u90e8\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u96fb\u8a71\u30fb\u8a2a\u554f\u30fb\u9ad8\u984d\u8b1d\u793c\u4ed8\u304d\u518d\u8abf\u67fb\u306a\u3069\u306e\u624b\u6cd5\u3067\u5f37\u56fa\u306b\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3068\u672c\u8abf\u67fb\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u300c\u672a\u56de\u7b54\u8005\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u50be\u5411\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u304b\u300d\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u8a55\u4fa1\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u30a4\u30f3\u30bb\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u8a2d\u8a08\u306e\u6700\u9069\u5316<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u5c11\u984d\u8b1d\u793c\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u62bd\u9078\u65b9\u5f0f\u3084\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u306e\u4f1d\u9054\u306a\u3069\u3001\u5bfe\u8c61\u5c64\u306e\u95a2\u5fc3\u306b\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u52d5\u6a5f\u4ed8\u3051\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"biost-3968920183\" class=\"biost- biost-entity-placement\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/kmhl\">\uff1e\uff1e\u3082\u3046\u7d71\u8a08\u3067\u60a9\u3080\u306e\u306f\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u306b\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b\uff1f\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/kmhl\"><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2794 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/bn_r_03.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"327\" \/><\/a>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 20px;\"><strong><span class=\"marker2\">\u21911\u4e07\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u533b\u7642\u5f93\u4e8b\u8005\u304c\u8cfc\u8aad\u4e2d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u56de\u53ce\u5f8c\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u88dc\u6b63\uff1a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u306a4\u3064\u306e\u7d71\u8a08\u624b\u6cd5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e88\u9632\u7b56\u3092\u8b1b\u3058\u305f\u5f8c\u3082\u6b8b\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u30d0\u30a4\u30a2\u30b9\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u56de\u53ce\u5f8c\u306e\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u88dc\u6b63\u3092\u5b9f\u65bd\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5b9f\u52d9\u3067\u6c4e\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b4\u3064\u306e\u624b\u6cd5\u3092\u89e3\u8aac\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u30dd\u30b9\u30c8\u5c64\u5316\uff08Post-Stratification\uff09\/ \u718a\u624b\u8abf\u6574\uff08Raking\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u6982\u8981<\/strong>: <strong>\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u6bd4\u3092\u6bcd\u96c6\u56e3\u306e\u65e2\u77e5\u69cb\u6210\u6bd4\u306b\u5408\u81f4\u3055\u305b\u308b<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f<\/strong>:\u56de\u7b54\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u6bd4\u3092\u3001\u56fd\u52e2\u8abf\u67fb\u306a\u3069\u306e\u300c\u4fe1\u983c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u6bcd\u96c6\u56e3\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u300d\u306e\u6bd4\u7387\u306b\u5408\u308f\u305b\u308b\u3088\u3046\u91cd\u307f\uff08\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8\uff09\u3092\u4e57\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u4e2d\u306e\u300c20\u4ee3\u7537\u6027\u300d\u304c\u5168\u4f53\u306e5%\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6bcd\u96c6\u56e3\u7d71\u8a08\u306b\u304a\u3044\u306610%\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u306a\u3089\u3070\u3001\u8a72\u5f53\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u306e\u91cd\u307f\u3092 $w = 10 \/ 5 = 2.0$ \u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002\u8907\u6570\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u6027\u5225\u00d7\u5e74\u4ee3\u00d7\u5730\u57df\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u540c\u6642\u306b\u6bcd\u96c6\u56e3\u6bd4\u7387\u3078\u9069\u5408\u3055\u305b\u308b\u53cd\u5fa9\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u3092Raking\uff08\u30ec\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\/\u718a\u624b\u8abf\u6574\uff09\u3068\u547c\u3076\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9069\u7528\u6761\u4ef6<\/strong>: \u6027\u5225\u30fb\u5e74\u9f62\u30fb\u5730\u57df\u306a\u3069\u3001\u7cbe\u5ea6\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u6bcd\u96c6\u56e3\u7d71\u8a08\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30e1\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8<\/strong>: \u6982\u5ff5\u304c\u660e\u5feb\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u5e83\u304f\u8a31\u5bb9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30c7\u30e1\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8<\/strong>: \u6bcd\u96c6\u56e3\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u6bd4\u304c\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u5909\u6570\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u5e74\u53ce\u3001\u4fa1\u5024\u89b3\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u610f\u8b58\uff09\u306b\u306f\u9069\u7528\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u50be\u5411\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u91cd\u307f\u4ed8\u3051\uff08IPW: Inverse Probability Weighting\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u6982\u8981<\/strong>: <strong>\u56de\u7b54\u78ba\u7387\u304c\u4f4e\u3044\u5e0c\u5c11\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u306e\u91cd\u307f\u3092\u5927\u304d\u304f\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f<\/strong>:\u4e8b\u524d\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\uff08\u5e74\u9f62\u3001\u8cfc\u8cb7\u5c65\u6b74\u3001\u5229\u7528\u983b\u5ea6\u7b49\uff09\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3001\u300c\u5bfe\u8c61\u8005\u304c\u8abf\u67fb\u306b\u56de\u7b54\u3059\u308b\u78ba\u7387\uff08\u50be\u5411\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2: $P_i$\uff09\u300d\u3092\u30ed\u30b8\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u56de\u5e30\u7b49\u3067\u63a8\u8a08\u3059\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u4e0a\u3067\u3001<strong>\u300c\u56de\u7b54\u78ba\u7387\u306e\u9006\u6570\uff08<\/strong>$1\/P_i$<strong>\uff09\u300d\u3092\u91cd\u307f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u96c6\u8a08\u306b\u9069\u7528<\/strong>\u3059\u308b\u3002\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u56de\u7b54\u78ba\u7387\u304c90%\u306e\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\uff08\u56de\u7b54\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u5c64\uff09 $\\rightarrow$ \u91cd\u307f $1 \/ 0.9 \\approx 1.11$<img alt=\"\"><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u56de\u7b54\u78ba\u7387\u304c10%\u306e\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\uff08\u56de\u7b54\u3057\u306b\u304f\u3044\u5c64\uff09 $\\rightarrow$ \u91cd\u307f $1 \/ 0.1 = 10.0$<img alt=\"\"><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9069\u7528\u6761\u4ef6<\/strong>: \u9867\u5ba2\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u7b49\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u56de\u7b54\u8005\u30fb\u672a\u56de\u7b54\u8005\u53cc\u65b9\u306e\u80cc\u666f\u5c5e\u6027\u304c\u63c3\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30e1\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8<\/strong>: \u591a\u6570\u306e\u80cc\u666f\u5909\u6570\u3092\u540c\u6642\u306b\u8003\u616e\u3057\u305f\u8abf\u6574\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30c7\u30e1\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8<\/strong>: \u50be\u5411\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u304c0\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u91cd\u307f\u304c\u6975\u7aef\u306b\u5de8\u5927\u5316\u3057\u63a8\u8a08\u3092\u4e0d\u5b89\u5b9a\u306b\u3059\u308b\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff08\u91cd\u307f\u306e\u30c8\u30ea\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u51e6\u7406\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u591a\u91cd\u4ee3\u5165\u6cd5\uff08MI: Multiple Imputation\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u6982\u8981<\/strong>: <strong>\u6b20\u6e2c\u5024\u306e\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9f\u6027\u3092\u78ba\u7387\u7684\u306b\u518d\u73fe\u3057\u3066\u57cb\u3081\u308b<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f<\/strong>:\u4e3b\u306b\u300c\u9805\u76ee\u7121\u56de\u7b54\uff08\u30a2\u30f3\u30b1\u30fc\u30c8\u81ea\u4f53\u306f\u56de\u53ce\u3055\u308c\u305f\u304c\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u8a2d\u554f\u304c\u7a7a\u6b04\uff09\u300d\u306b\u9069\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u4ed6\u306e\u56de\u7b54\u9805\u76ee\u304b\u3089\u6b20\u6e2c\u5024\u3092\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u306b\u4e88\u6e2c\u3057\u3001\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u8aa4\u5dee\u3092\u52a0\u3048\u305f\u300c\u4ee3\u5165\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u300d\u3092<strong>5\u301c20\u500b<\/strong>\u751f\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u3067\u5206\u6790\u3092\u884c\u3044\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u7d71\u5408\uff08Pooling\uff09\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9069\u7528\u6761\u4ef6<\/strong>: \u8abf\u67fb\u9805\u76ee\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u6b20\u6e2c\uff08\u9805\u76ee\u7121\u56de\u7b54\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30e1\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8<\/strong>: \u5e73\u5747\u5024\u4ee3\u5165\u7b49\u3068\u7570\u306a\u308a\u3001\u300c\u4e88\u6e2c\u306e\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9f\u6027\uff08\u3070\u3089\u3064\u304d\uff09\u300d\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u6a19\u6e96\u8aa4\u5dee\u3078\u53cd\u6620\u3067\u304d\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001$p$\u5024\u3084\u4fe1\u983c\u533a\u9593\u306e\u6b6a\u307f\u3092\u9632\u3052\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30c7\u30e1\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8<\/strong>: \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u51e6\u7406\u304a\u3088\u3073\u96c6\u8a08\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u304c\u8907\u96d1\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u30d8\u30c3\u30af\u30de\u30f3\u306e2\u6bb5\u968e\u9078\u629e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\uff08Heckman Selection Model\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u6982\u8981<\/strong>: <strong>\u300c\u56de\u7b54\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u300d\u306e\u610f\u601d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u56de\u5e30\u5f0f\u306b\u7d44\u307f\u8fbc\u3080<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f<\/strong>:MNAR\uff08\u975e\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u6b20\u6e2c\uff09\u304c\u7591\u308f\u308c\u308b\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u8a08\u91cf\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u624b\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7b2c1\u6bb5\u968e\uff1a\u5168\u5bfe\u8c61\u8005\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3001\u300c\u56de\u7b54\u9078\u629e\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\uff08\u30d7\u30ed\u30d3\u30c3\u30c8\u30fb\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\uff09\u300d\u3092\u63a8\u8a08\u3057\u3001\u56de\u7b54\u50be\u5411\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30d0\u30a4\u30a2\u30b9\u8abf\u6574\u9805\u3067\u3042\u308b\u9006\u30df\u30eb\u30ba\u6bd4\uff08Inverse Mills Ratio, $\\lambda$\uff09\u3092\u7b97\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7b2c2\u6bb5\u968e\uff1a\u56de\u7b54\u8005\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u307f\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3001\u672c\u6765\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\u7d50\u679c\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u3053\u306e\u9006\u30df\u30eb\u30ba\u6bd4 $\\lambda$ \u3092\u8aac\u660e\u5909\u6570\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8ffd\u52a0\u3057\u3066\u56de\u5e30\u5206\u6790\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9069\u7528\u6761\u4ef6<\/strong>: \u6240\u5f97\u8abf\u67fb\u3084\u5c31\u52b4\u8abf\u67fb\u306a\u3069\u3001\u300c\u56de\u7b54\u306e\u610f\u601d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u300d\u81ea\u4f53\u304c\u6e2c\u5b9a\u5bfe\u8c61\uff08\u6240\u5f97\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3068\u76f4\u63a5\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30e1\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8<\/strong>: MAR\u306e\u524d\u63d0\u304c\u5d29\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08MNAR\u306e\u61f8\u5ff5\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff09\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u30d0\u30a4\u30a2\u30b9\u88dc\u6b63\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30c7\u30e1\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8<\/strong>: \u300c\u7b2c1\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u56de\u7b54\u9078\u629e\u306b\u306f\u5f71\u97ff\u3059\u308b\u304c\u3001\u7b2c2\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u5909\u6570\u306b\u306f\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u3057\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u64cd\u4f5c\u5909\u6570\uff08Exclusion Restriction\uff09\u306e\u9078\u5b9a\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5b9f\u52d9\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u30cf\u30fc\u30c9\u30eb\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u88dc\u6b63\u624b\u6cd5\u306e\u9078\u5b9a\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u624b\u5143\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u69cb\u9020\u3084\u5229\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u57fa\u6e96\u306b\u6cbf\u3063\u3066\u88dc\u6b63\u624b\u6cd5\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;\u56de\u53ce\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u96c6\u8a08\u958b\u59cb]\n   \u2502\n   \u25bc\n\u3010Q1\u3011\u672a\u56de\u7b54\u8005\u306e\u300c\u57fa\u672c\u5c5e\u6027\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u300d\u307e\u305f\u306f\u300c\u6bcd\u96c6\u56e3\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u6bd4\u300d\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\uff1f\n   \u251c\u2500 NO  \u2500\u2500\u25ba \u3010\u88dc\u6b63\u4e0d\u53ef\uff08MCAR\u4eee\u5b9a\u306e\u307f\uff09\u3011\n   \u2502          \u203b\u611f\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\uff08\u6700\u60aa\u30fb\u6700\u826f\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u60f3\u5b9a\uff09\u3092\u884c\u3044\u3001\u9650\u754c\u3092\u8a18\u8f09\u3059\u308b\n   \u2502\n   \u2514\u2500 YES \u2500\u2500\u25ba \u3010Q2\u3011\u5bfe\u8c61\u306f\u300c\u30a2\u30f3\u30b1\u30fc\u30c8\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u4e0d\u63d0\u51fa\uff08\u5358\u4f4d\u7121\u56de\u7b54\uff09\u300d\u304b\u300c\u4e00\u90e8\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u7a7a\u6b04\uff08\u9805\u76ee\u7121\u56de\u7b54\uff09\u300d\u304b\uff1f\n                \u2502\n                \u251c\u2500\u25ba \u300c\u4e00\u90e8\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u7a7a\u6b04\u300d \u2500\u2500\u25ba \u3010\u591a\u91cd\u4ee3\u5165\u6cd5 (MI)\u3011\u3092\u9078\u629e\n                \u2502\n                \u2514\u2500\u25ba \u300c\u30a2\u30f3\u30b1\u30fc\u30c8\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u4e0d\u63d0\u51fa\u300d\n                       \u2502\n                       \u25bc\n                   \u3010Q3\u3011\u300c\u6bcd\u96c6\u56e3\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u6bd4\uff08\u56fd\u52e2\u8abf\u67fb\u7b49\uff09\u300d\u304c\u5224\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\uff1f\n                       \u251c\u2500 YES \u2500\u2500\u25ba \u3010\u30dd\u30b9\u30c8\u5c64\u5316 \/ Raking\u3011\u3092\u9078\u629e\n                       \u2514\u2500 NO  \u2500\u2500\u25ba \u672a\u56de\u7b54\u8005\u3092\u542b\u3081\u305f\u9867\u5ba2DB\u7b49\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\uff1f\n                                     \u251c\u2500 YES \u2500\u2500\u25ba \u3010\u50be\u5411\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u91cd\u307f\u4ed8\u3051 (IPW)\u3011\u3092\u9078\u629e\n                                     \u2514\u2500 NO  \u2500\u2500\u25ba \u3010\u30d8\u30c3\u30af\u30de\u30f3\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3011\u307e\u305f\u306f\u3010\u611f\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u3011\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u5b9f\u52d9\u30fb\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u5fc5\u9808\u306e\u611f\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u3068\u9650\u754c\u306e\u8a18\u8f09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3044\u304b\u306a\u308b\u7d71\u8a08\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001<strong>\u7121\u56de\u7b54\u30d0\u30a4\u30a2\u30b9\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044<\/strong>\u3002\u5b9f\u52d9\u30ec\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3084\u5b66\u8853\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u5206\u6790\u306e\u59a5\u5f53\u6027\u3068\u9650\u754c\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u793a\u3059\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u611f\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\uff08Sensitivity Analysis\uff09\u306e\u5b9f\u65bd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\u7f6e\u3044\u305f\u4eee\u5b9a\uff08MAR\u306a\u3069\uff09\u304c\u6e80\u305f\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u7d50\u8ad6\u304c\u3069\u306e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3092\u3042\u3089\u304b\u3058\u3081\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5206\u6790\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u4f8b<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3A\uff1a\u88dc\u6b63\u306a\u3057\uff08\u751f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u3088\u308b\u96c6\u8a08\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3B\uff1a\u30dd\u30b9\u30c8\u5c64\u5316\u88dc\u6b63\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3C\uff1aIPW\u88dc\u6b63\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3D\uff1a\u6700\u60aa\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u60f3\u5b9a\uff08\u672a\u56de\u7b54\u8005\u304c\u5168\u54e1\u300c\u4e0d\u6e80\u300d\u307e\u305f\u306f\u300c\u6700\u5b89\u5024\u300d\u3068\u4eee\u5b9a\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8907\u6570\u306e\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u5206\u6790\u3092\u884c\u3044\u3001\u300c\u88dc\u6b63\u306e\u6709\u7121\u3084\u624b\u6cd5\u306b\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u7d50\u8ad6\u304c\u5d29\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\uff08\u9811\u5065\u6027\uff1aRobustness\uff09\u300d\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3067\u304d\u308c\u3070\u3001\u30ec\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u306f\u98db\u8e8d\u7684\u306b\u9ad8\u307e\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u300c\u9650\u754c\uff08Limitations\uff09\u300d\u306e\u660e\u8a18<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a55\u4fa1\u30ec\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3084\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u8003\u5bdf\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u306f\u3001\u767a\u751f\u3057\u5f97\u308b\u30d0\u30a4\u30a2\u30b9\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u3092\u660e\u8a18\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u8a18\u8f09\u4f8b\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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