{"id":4874,"date":"2026-10-07T04:45:19","date_gmt":"2026-10-06T19:45:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/?p=4874"},"modified":"2026-10-08T05:47:36","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T20:47:36","slug":"why-you-should-never-build-the-story-after-seeing-the-test-result","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/entry\/why-you-should-never-build-the-story-after-seeing-the-test-result\/","title":{"rendered":"\u691c\u5b9a\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u898b\u3066\u304b\u3089\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc\u3092\u6c7a\u3081\u3066\u306f\u3044\u3051\u306a\u3044\u7406\u7531"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f8c\u8f29\u300c\u5148\u751f\u3001\u89e3\u6790\u304c\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u8a55\u4fa1\u9805\u76ee\u306f\u6709\u610f\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u2026\u2026\u3002\u3067\u3082\u3001\u5e74\u9f62\u00d7\u6cbb\u7642\u306e\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3060\u3051p &lt; 0.05\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff01\u300d<br>\u5148\u8f29\u300c\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3044\u3044\u3002\u3058\u3083\u3042\u300e\u9ad8\u9f62\u8005\u3067\u3060\u3051\u52b9\u304f\u6cbb\u7642\u300f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc\u3067\u8ad6\u6587\u3092\u66f8\u3053\u3046\u300d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u898b\u3001\u3088\u304f\u3042\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u306e\u98a8\u666f\u3060\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u4f1a\u8a71\u306b\u306f\u5927\u304d\u306a\u843d\u3068\u3057\u7a74\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<strong>\u6709\u610f\u3060\u3063\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u898b\u3066\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc\u3092\u6c7a\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/strong>\u306e\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u77e2\u3092\u653e\u3063\u305f\u3042\u3068\u3067\u3001\u77e2\u306e\u523a\u3055\u3063\u305f\u5834\u6240\u306b\u7684\u3092\u63cf\u304f\u306e\u306b\u4f3c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u7684\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b\u5f53\u305f\u308b\u306e\u306f\u5f53\u305f\u308a\u524d\u3067\u3001\u305d\u3053\u306b\u306f\u4f55\u306e\u8155\u524d\u3082\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u306a\u305c\u691c\u5b9a\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u898b\u3066\u304b\u3089\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc\u3092\u4f5c\u3063\u3066\u306f\u3044\u3051\u306a\u3044\u306e\u304b\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u4eca\u65e5\u304b\u3089\u4f55\u3092\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3088\u3044\u306e\u304b\u3092\u3001\u521d\u5fc3\u8005\u5411\u3051\u306b\u6574\u7406\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\uff08\u5148\u306b\u7d50\u8ad6\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4eee\u8aac\u3068\u4e3b\u8981\u89e3\u6790\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u898b\u308b\u524d\u306b\u6c7a\u3081\u308b<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u691c\u5b9a\u306f\u300c\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u767a\u898b\u300d\u306e\u9053\u5177\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u4eee\u8aac\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d\u3067\u3042\u308b<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5f8c\u304b\u3089\u601d\u3044\u3064\u3044\u305f\u4eee\u8aac\u306f\u3001\u300c\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u300d\u3068\u660e\u793a\u3059\u308c\u3070\u554f\u984c\u306a\u3044<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u691c\u5b9a\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u306f\u300c\u4e88\u5b9a\u8abf\u548c\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u691c\u5b9a\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3067\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc\u304c\u6c7a\u307e\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002<strong>\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc\uff08\u4eee\u8aac\uff09\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u898b\u308b\u524d\u306b\u3059\u3067\u306b\u3042\u308b<\/strong>\u3002p\u5024\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc\u3068\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u3064\u3058\u3064\u307e\u3092\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u304b\u3081\u308b\u3001\u3044\u308f\u3070\u78ba\u8a8d\u4f5c\u696d\u306b\u3059\u304e\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u65c5\u884c\u306b\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3066\u307f\u3088\u3046\u3002\u4e8b\u524d\u306b\u5bbf\u3092\u4e88\u7d04\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304d\u3001\u5f53\u65e5\u306b\u300c\u4e88\u7d04\u3069\u304a\u308a\u90e8\u5c4b\u304c\u7528\u610f\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3092\u78ba\u304b\u3081\u308b\u306e\u304c\u691c\u5b9a\u3060\u3002\u4e88\u7d04\u306a\u3057\u3067\u98db\u3073\u8fbc\u3093\u3060\u30db\u30c6\u30eb\u306b\u3001\u305f\u307e\u305f\u307e\u7a7a\u5ba4\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u6b21\u3082\u518d\u73fe\u3067\u304d\u308b\u6210\u529f\u3068\u306f\u9650\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u305d\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3067\u3001\u691c\u5b9a\u306f<strong>\u4e88\u5b9a\u8abf\u548c<\/strong>\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4eee\u8aac\u304c\u5148\u306b\u3042\u308a\u3001\u691c\u5b9a\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u691c\u5b9a\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u3067\u3001\u4eee\u8aac\u306b\u306a\u3044\u300c\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u767a\u898b\u300d\u304c\u751f\u307e\u308c\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3044\u3046\u4e88\u5b9a\u8abf\u548c\u3068\u306f\u3001\u300c\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc\u304c\u5148\u306b\u6c7a\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3001\u300c\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u4eee\u8aac\u3069\u304a\u308a\u306b\u6c7a\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u4eee\u8aac\u304c\u652f\u6301\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u3068\u304d\u306f\u3001\u6709\u610f\u306b\u306a\u3089\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3001\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u5831\u544a\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3088\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u203b\u30b3\u30e9\u30e0\u2460\uff1ap\u5024\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u304b<\/strong><br>p\u5024\u3068\u306f\u3001\u300c\u3082\u3057\u672c\u5f53\u306f\u5dee\u304c\u306a\u3044\uff08\u5e30\u7121\u4eee\u8aac\u304c\u6b63\u3057\u3044\uff09\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3089\u3001\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u3082\u3063\u3068\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u308b\u78ba\u7387\u300d\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3060\u3002\u300c\u4eee\u8aac\u304c\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u78ba\u7387\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001p\u5024\u306e\u5927\u5c0f\u3067\u52b9\u679c\u306e\u5f37\u3055\u3092\u8a9e\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002\u5f37\u3055\u3092\u793a\u3059\u306a\u3089\u3001\u52b9\u679c\u91cf\u3084\u4fe1\u983c\u533a\u9593\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3002p\u5024\u306e\u8aa4\u7528\u3078\u306e\u6ce8\u610f\u306f\u3001\u7c73\u56fd\u7d71\u8a08\u5354\u4f1a\uff08ASA\uff09\u30822016\u5e74\u306b\u58f0\u660e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08Wasserstein &amp; Lazar 2016\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"biost-185396268\" class=\"biost- biost-entity-placement\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/kmhl\">\uff1e\uff1e\u3082\u3046\u7d71\u8a08\u3067\u60a9\u3080\u306e\u306f\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u306b\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b\uff1f\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/kmhl\"><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2794 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/bn_r_03.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"327\" \/><\/a>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 20px;\"><strong><span class=\"marker2\">\u21911\u4e07\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u533b\u7642\u5f93\u4e8b\u8005\u304c\u8cfc\u8aad\u4e2d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u306a\u305c\u300c\u5f8c\u4ed8\u3051\u300d\u304c\u3044\u3051\u306a\u3044\u306e\u304b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u304f\u3058\u3092\u4f55\u5ea6\u3082\u5f15\u304d\u76f4\u3059\u554f\u984c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6709\u610f\u6c34\u6e96\u30925%\u3068\u3057\u305f\u691c\u5b9a\u306f\u3001\u672c\u5f53\u306f\u5dee\u304c\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3082\u30011\u56de\u306e\u691c\u5b9a\u3042\u305f\u308a5%\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a20\u56de\u306b1\u56de\u307b\u3069\u306e\u5272\u5408\u3067\u300c\u6709\u610f\u300d\u3068\u51fa\u308b\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001<strong>\u691c\u5b9a\u3092\u4f55\u5ea6\u3082\u884c\u3048\u3070\u3001\u3069\u3053\u304b\u3067\u5076\u7136\u306b\u6709\u610f\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Simmons\u3089\u306f2011\u5e74\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u304c\u6301\u3064\u300c\u89e3\u6790\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u300d\uff08researcher degrees of freedom\uff09\u304c\u507d\u967d\u6027\u3092\u5927\u304d\u304f\u5897\u3084\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3092\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u9078\u629e\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6709\u610f\u3067\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3001\u75c7\u4f8b\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u5ea6\u691c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8907\u6570\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u9805\u76ee\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3001\u6709\u610f\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3051\u3092\u5831\u544a\u3059\u308b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5e74\u9f62\u3084\u6027\u5225\u306a\u3069\u3067\u30b5\u30d6\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306b\u5207\u308a\u5206\u3051\u3066\u3001\u6709\u610f\u306a\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3092\u63a2\u3059<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5916\u308c\u5024\u306e\u9664\u5916\u3084\u5171\u5909\u91cf\u306e\u5165\u308c\u65b9\u3092\u5909\u3048\u3066\u3001\u6709\u610f\u306b\u306a\u308b\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3092\u9078\u3076<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u9078\u629e\u3092\u91cd\u306d\u308b\u3068\u3001\u898b\u304b\u3051\u4e0a\u306e\u507d\u967d\u6027\u7387\u306f5%\u3092\u5927\u304d\u304f\u4e0a\u56de\u308b\u3002Simmons\u3089\u306e\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u6271\u3063\u305f4\u7a2e\u985e\u306e\u9078\u629e\u3092\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u6709\u5229\u306a\u65b9\u5411\u306b\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u6700\u60aa\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u507d\u967d\u6027\u7387\u306f\u7d046\u5272\u306b\u307e\u3067\u4e0a\u304c\u308b\u3068\u5831\u544a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u304f\u3058\u3092\u4f55\u5ea6\u3082\u5f15\u304d\u76f4\u3057\u3066\u300c\u5f53\u305f\u3063\u305f\u300d\u3068\u5831\u544a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">HARKing\uff1a\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u898b\u3066\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6700\u521d\u304b\u3089\u3042\u3063\u305f\u4eee\u8aac\u306b\u3059\u308b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kerr\uff081998\uff09\u306f\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u898b\u3066\u304b\u3089\u4f5c\u3063\u305f\u4eee\u8aac\u3092\u3001<strong>\u6700\u521d\u304b\u3089\u7acb\u3066\u3066\u3044\u305f\u4eee\u8aac\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5831\u544a\u3059\u308b\u884c\u70ba<\/strong>\u3092\u3001HARKing\uff08Hypothesizing After the Results are Known\uff09\u3068\u540d\u3065\u3051\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5192\u982d\u306e\u4f1a\u8a71\u306e\u7d9a\u304d\u3092\u898b\u3066\u307f\u3088\u3046\u3002\u300c\u9ad8\u9f62\u8005\u3067\u3060\u3051\u52b9\u304f\u6cbb\u7642\u300d\u306f\u3001\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u5e8f\u8ad6\u3067\u300c\u6211\u3005\u306f\u9ad8\u9f62\u8005\u3067\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3068\u4e88\u60f3\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3068\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3002\u3053\u308c\u304cHARKing\u3060\u3002\u8aad\u8005\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u304c\u4e8b\u524d\u306e\u4eee\u8aac\u306e\u691c\u8a3c\u3060\u3068\u8aa4\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u203b\u30b3\u30e9\u30e0\u2461\uff1aHARKing\u3068p-hacking\u306e\u9055\u3044<\/strong><br>HARKing\u306f\u300c\u7d50\u679c\u306b\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066<strong>\u4eee\u8aac\u3092\u5909\u3048\u308b<\/strong>\u300d\u3053\u3068\u3002p-hacking\u306f\u300c\u6709\u610f\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b<strong>\u89e3\u6790\u3092\u5909\u3048\u308b<\/strong>\u300d\u3053\u3068\u3002\u65b9\u5411\u306f\u9055\u3046\u304c\u3001\u3069\u3061\u3089\u3082\u300c\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u898b\u3066\u304b\u3089\u6c7a\u3081\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3001\u4e8b\u524d\u306b\u6c7a\u3081\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u305b\u308b\u300d\u70b9\u3067\u5171\u901a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u3067\u306f\u3001\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u306f\u60aa\u306a\u306e\u304b\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3044\u3084\u3001\u60aa\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002<strong>\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u306f\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u4eee\u8aac\u3092\u751f\u3080\u5927\u5207\u306a\u4f5c\u696d<\/strong>\u3060\u3002Kerr\u3082\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u898b\u3066\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u4eee\u8aac\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u81ea\u4f53\u306f\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u6b63\u5f53\u306a\u55b6\u307f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u533a\u5225\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u554f\u984c\u306f\u3001\u63a2\u7d22\u3092<strong>\u691c\u8a3c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u305b\u308b<\/strong>\u3053\u3068\u3060\u3002\u5f8c\u304b\u3089\u601d\u3044\u3064\u3044\u305f\u4eee\u8aac\u3092\u3001\u300c\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u300d\u300c\u4e8b\u5f8c\u7684\u300d\u3068\u660e\u8a18\u3057\u3066\u5831\u544a\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u8aa0\u5b9f\u306a\u5831\u544a\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><\/th><th>\u691c\u8a3c\uff08confirmatory\uff09<\/th><th>\u63a2\u7d22\uff08exploratory\uff09<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u76ee\u7684<\/td><td>\u4e8b\u524d\u306e\u4eee\u8aac\u304c\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u304b\u3081\u308b<\/td><td>\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u4eee\u8aac\u306e\u7a2e\u3092\u898b\u3064\u3051\u308b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4eee\u8aac\u30fb\u89e3\u6790\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a<\/td><td>\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u898b\u308b\u524d<\/td><td>\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u898b\u305f\u3042\u3068\u3067\u3082\u3088\u3044<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>p\u5024\u306e\u610f\u5473<\/td><td>\u4e8b\u524d\u306b\u5b9a\u3081\u305f\u57fa\u6e96\u3067\u3001\u4eee\u8aac\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b<\/td><td>\u53c2\u8003\u5024\uff08\u7d50\u8ad6\u306b\u306f\u3057\u306a\u3044\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5831\u544a\u306e\u4ed5\u65b9<\/td><td>\u7d50\u679c\u306b\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u8a08\u753b\u3069\u304a\u308a\u306b\u5831\u544a\u3059\u308b<\/td><td>\u300c\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u300d\u3068\u660e\u8a18\u3059\u308b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u6b21\u306e\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7<\/td><td>\u7d50\u8ad6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5831\u544a\u3059\u308b<\/td><td>\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ICH E9\uff08\u81e8\u5e8a\u8a66\u9a13\u306e\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u539f\u5247\uff09\u3082\u3001\u691c\u8a3c\u7684\u306a\u8a66\u9a13\u3068\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u306a\u8a66\u9a13\u3092\u533a\u5225\u3057\u3066\u6271\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002ICH E9\u306f\u81e8\u5e8a\u8a66\u9a13\u5411\u3051\u306e\u6307\u91dd\u3060\u304c\u3001\u691c\u8a3c\u3068\u63a2\u7d22\u3092\u5206\u3051\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u306f\u3001\u89b3\u5bdf\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u3082\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306b\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4eca\u65e5\u304b\u3089\u3067\u304d\u308b\u5b9f\u52d9\u306e\u5bfe\u7b56<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u89e3\u6790\u306e\u524d\u306b\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3060\u3051\u306f\u6c7a\u3081\u3066\u304a\u304f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u4eee\u8aac\uff08\u4f55\u3092\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3057\u305f\u3044\u304b\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e3b\u8981\u8a55\u4fa1\u9805\u76ee\uff08\u4f55\u3067\u52b9\u679c\u3092\u307f\u308b\u304b\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e3b\u89e3\u6790\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3068\u691c\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6709\u610f\u6c34\u6e96<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u89e3\u6790\u5bfe\u8c61\u96c6\u56e3\uff08\u8ab0\u3092\u89e3\u6790\u306b\u542b\u3081\u308b\u304b\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6b20\u6e2c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u6271\u3044<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e3b\u8981\u8a55\u4fa1\u9805\u76ee\u304c\u8907\u6570\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306e\u3001\u591a\u91cd\u6027\u306e\u8abf\u6574\u65b9\u6cd5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ICH E9\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u89e3\u6790\u306e\u65b9\u91dd\u3092\u4e8b\u524d\u306b\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u306b\u8a18\u8f09\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u307e\u305f\u8a73\u7d30\u306a\u7d71\u8a08\u89e3\u6790\u8a08\u753b\u66f8\uff08SAP\uff09\u3092\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u89e3\u6790\u306e\u958b\u59cb\u524d\uff08\u76f2\u691c\u8a66\u9a13\u3067\u306f\u76f2\u691c\u89e3\u9664\u524d\uff09\u306b\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u4e8b\u524d\u767b\u9332\u3092\u6d3b\u7528\u3059\u308b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u8a08\u753b\u3092\u3042\u3089\u304b\u3058\u3081\u516c\u958b\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\u65b9\u6cd5\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002\u81e8\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001UMIN-CTR\u3084ClinicalTrials.gov\u3078\u306e\u767b\u9332\u304c\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3042\u305f\u308b\u3002\u767b\u9332\u6642\u70b9\u306e\u8a08\u753b\u3068\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u304c\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u304c\u78ba\u8a8d\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u203b\u30b3\u30e9\u30e0\u2462\uff1a\u4e8b\u524d\u767b\u9332\u306f\u300c\u7e1b\u308a\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u300c\u5b88\u308a\u300d<\/strong><br>\u4e8b\u524d\u767b\u9332\u306f\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3092\u7e1b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u601d\u308f\u3057\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3067\u3082\u3001\u300c\u8a08\u753b\u3069\u304a\u308a\u306b\u884c\u3044\u3001\u8aa0\u5b9f\u306b\u5831\u544a\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3068\u793a\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u5b88\u308a\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u65e2\u5b58\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u89e3\u6790\uff08\u5f8c\u308d\u5411\u304d\u7814\u7a76\uff09\u306e\u5834\u5408<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3059\u3067\u306b\u96c6\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u89e3\u6790\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300c\u4e8b\u524d\u767b\u9332\u300d\u3092\u4f7f\u3044\u306b\u304f\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3082\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u5de5\u592b\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u4e2d\u8eab\uff08\u7d50\u679c\uff09\u3092\u898b\u308b\u524d\u306b\u3001\u4eee\u8aac\u30fb\u4e3b\u89e3\u6790\u30fb\u89e3\u6790\u5bfe\u8c61\u96c6\u56e3\u3092\u6587\u66f8\u306b\u307e\u3068\u3081\u3001\u65e5\u4ed8\u3092\u8a18\u9332\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u305d\u306e\u6587\u66f8\u3092\u3001\u5171\u540c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3084\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u3068\u5171\u6709\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\uff08\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u9001\u4fe1\u8a18\u9332\u3067\u3082\u3001\u65e5\u4ed8\u306e\u8a3c\u62e0\u306b\u306a\u308b\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u306f\u3001\u300c\u89e3\u6790\u8a08\u753b\u306f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d\u524d\u306b\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3068\u66f8\u3051\u308b\u7bc4\u56f2\u3067\u66f8\u304f\u3002\u66f8\u3051\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3053\u308d\u306f\u3001\u6b63\u76f4\u306b\u300c\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u300d\u3068\u66f8\u304f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u898b\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u305f\u5f8c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300c\u4e8b\u524d\u306b\u6c7a\u3081\u305f\u300d\u3068\u306f\u8a00\u3048\u306a\u3044\u3002\u305d\u306e\u3068\u304d\u306f\u3001\u7121\u7406\u306b\u4e8b\u524d\u306e\u4eee\u8aac\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3068\u66f8\u304b\u305a\u3001\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5831\u544a\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u8aa0\u5b9f\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u7d50\u679c\u3092\u898b\u305f\u3042\u3068\u306e\u89e3\u6790\u306f\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u300c\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u300d\u3068\u66f8\u304f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a08\u753b\u306b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u89e3\u6790\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3088\u3044\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u306f\u300c\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u300d\u300c\u4e8b\u5f8c\u89e3\u6790\uff08post hoc\uff09\u300d\u3068\u660e\u8a18\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3001\u5831\u544a\u306e\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u306f\u5927\u304d\u304f\u5909\u308f\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u4f8b\u6587\u96c6<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6570\u5024\u3084\u9805\u76ee\u306f <code>[ ]<\/code> \u306e\u7a74\u57cb\u3081\u5f62\u5f0f\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3042\u308b\u3002\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3066\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3002\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u89e3\u6790\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u6570\u5024\u3092\u3001\u672c\u7269\u3089\u3057\u304f\u66f8\u304d\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u306f\u3044\u3051\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4f8b\u65871\uff1a\u89e3\u6790\u8a08\u753b\u3092\u4e8b\u524d\u306b\u5b9a\u3081\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059\uff08Methods\u30fb\u82f1\u6587\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f7f\u3046\u5834\u9762\uff1a\u691c\u8a3c\u7684\u306a\u7814\u7a76\u306eMethods\u3067\u3001\u89e3\u6790\u65b9\u91dd\u3092\u4e8b\u524d\u306b\u6c7a\u3081\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3068\u304d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>The statistical analysis plan, including the primary endpoint, the primary\nanalysis method, and the significance level, was prespecified before data\nanalysis &#91;and registered at &#91;registry name] (identifier: &#91;ID])].\nThe primary analysis was &#91;analysis method] with a two-sided significance\nlevel of &#91;\u03b1].<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4f8b\u65872\uff1a\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u3092\u660e\u793a\u3059\u308b\uff08Methods\u30fb\u82f1\u6587\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f7f\u3046\u5834\u9762\uff1a\u8a08\u753b\u306b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u89e3\u6790\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>The following analyses were not prespecified and were performed\npost hoc as exploratory analyses: &#91;analysis description].\nThese results should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating\nand require confirmation in future studies.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4f8b\u65873\uff1a\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u306a\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u5831\u544a\u3059\u308b\uff08Results\u30fb\u82f1\u6587\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f7f\u3046\u5834\u9762\uff1a\u4e8b\u5f8c\u7684\u306b\u884c\u3063\u305f\u89e3\u6790\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u8f09\u305b\u308b\u3068\u304d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>In an exploratory analysis, &#91;outcome] differed between &#91;subgroups]\n(&#91;effect size, 95% CI]). Because this analysis was not prespecified\nand no adjustment for multiplicity was made, the result should be\ninterpreted with caution.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u300cno adjustment for multiplicity was made\u300d\u306f\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u591a\u91cd\u6027\u306e\u8abf\u6574\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306b\u3060\u3051\u4f7f\u3046\u3002\u8abf\u6574\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u306b\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4f8b\u65874\uff1a\u5f8c\u304b\u3089\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u4eee\u8aac\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u308b\uff08Discussion\u30fb\u82f1\u6587\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f7f\u3046\u5834\u9762\uff1a\u4e88\u60f3\u5916\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u8003\u5bdf\u3059\u308b\u3068\u304d\u3002\u4eee\u8aac\u306f\u300c\u4e8b\u5f8c\u306b\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63a7\u3048\u3081\u306b\u66f8\u304f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Although the primary analysis did not show a significant difference,\nan exploratory analysis suggested a possible &#91;effect] in &#91;subgroup].\nThis finding is hypothesis-generating rather than confirmatory,\nand warrants investigation in a prospectively designed study.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4f8b\u65875\uff1a\u7814\u7a76\u8a08\u753b\u66f8\u30fb\u89e3\u6790\u8a08\u753b\u66f8\u306e\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u4f8b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f7f\u3046\u5834\u9762\uff1a\u7814\u7a76\u8a08\u753b\u66f8\u3001SAP\u306e\u89e3\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u306e\u9805\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u4e3b\u8981\u8a55\u4fa1\u9805\u76ee\u306f&#91;\u8a55\u4fa1\u9805\u76ee]\u3068\u3057\u3001\u4e3b\u89e3\u6790\u306f&#91;\u89e3\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5]\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4e21\u5074\u6709\u610f\u6c34\u6e96&#91;\u03b1]\u3067\u691c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\n\u89e3\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u304a\u3088\u3073\u89e3\u6790\u5bfe\u8c61\u96c6\u56e3\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d\u524d\u306b\u672c\u8a08\u753b\u66f8\u3067\u898f\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\n\u8a08\u753b\u66f8\u306b\u898f\u5b9a\u3057\u306a\u3044\u89e3\u6790\u306f\u3001\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5831\u544a\u3057\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u89e3\u91c8\u306f\u614e\u91cd\u306b\u884c\u3046\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u307e\u3068\u3081\uff1a\u6295\u7a3f\u524d\u306e\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4eee\u8aac\u3068\u4e3b\u89e3\u6790\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u898b\u308b\u524d\u306b\u6c7a\u3081\u305f\u304b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u884c\u3063\u305f\u691c\u5b9a\u306e\u6570\u3068\u3001\u5831\u544a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u691c\u5b9a\u306e\u6570\u306f\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5f8c\u4ed8\u3051\u306e\u89e3\u6790\u306b\u306f\u3001\u300c\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u300d\u300c\u4e8b\u5f8c\u300d\u3068\u660e\u8a18\u3057\u305f\u304b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u89e3\u6790\u304c\u6709\u610f\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3001\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u5831\u544a\u3057\u305f\u304b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8a55\u4fa1\u9805\u76ee\u304c\u8907\u6570\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u591a\u91cd\u6027\u306e\u6271\u3044\u3092\u6c7a\u3081\u3066\u66f8\u3044\u305f\u304b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>p\u5024\u3092\u3001\u52b9\u679c\u306e\u5f37\u3055\u306e\u6307\u6a19\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\uff08\u52b9\u679c\u91cf\u3068\u4fe1\u983c\u533a\u9593\u3092\u4f75\u8a18\u3057\u305f\u304b\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5e8f\u8ad6\u306e\u4eee\u8aac\u306f\u3001\u8a08\u753b\u6642\u306e\u4eee\u8aac\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u691c\u5b9a\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3067\u3001\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc\u306f\u6c7a\u307e\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc\uff08\u4eee\u8aac\uff09\u304c\u5148\u306b\u3042\u308a\u3001p\u5024\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3060\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u78ba\u8a8d\u306e\u5916\u3067\u898b\u3064\u3051\u305f\u767a\u898b\u306f\u3001\u300c\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u300d\u3068\u80f8\u3092\u5f35\u3063\u3066\u5831\u544a\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3088\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1207\/s15327957pspr0203_4\">Kerr NL. HARKing: Hypothesizing after the results are known. <em>Personality and Social Psychology Review<\/em>. 1998;2(3):196-217. doi:10.1207\/s15327957pspr0203_4<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0956797611417632\">Simmons JP, Nelson LD, Simonsohn U. False-positive psychology: undisclosed flexibility in data collection and analysis allows presenting anything as significant. <em>Psychological Science<\/em>. 2011;22(11):1359-1366. doi:10.1177\/0956797611417632<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/00031305.2016.1154108\">Wasserstein RL, Lazar NA. The ASA&#8217;s statement on p-values: context, process, and purpose. <em>The American Statistician<\/em>. 2016;70(2):129-133. doi:10.1080\/00031305.2016.1154108<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline. Statistical Principles for Clinical Trials (E9). 1998. (CPMP\/ICH\/363\/96) <a href=\"https:\/\/tga.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/2024-12\/statistical_principles_for_clinical_trials.pdf\">https:\/\/tga.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/2024-12\/statistical_principles_for_clinical_trials.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u304a\u3059\u3059\u3081\u66f8\u7c4d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u300e\u305d\u308c\u3092\u3057\u305f\u3089\u30c0\u30e1\uff01NG\u4e8b\u4f8b\u304b\u3089\u5b66\u3076\u81e8\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u300f<\/strong><br>\u77f3\u4e38\u7f8e\u7a42\u30fb\u5927\u91ce\u5e78\u5b50\u30fb\u6a4b\u672c\u6d0b\u5e73\u3001\u91d1\u82b3\u5802\u30012023\u5e74\uff08ISBN 978-4-7653-1963-8\uff09<br>\u81e8\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u3042\u308a\u304c\u3061\u306a\u5931\u6557\u3092\u3001\u4e8b\u4f8b\u304b\u3089\u5b66\u3079\u308b\u5165\u9580\u66f8\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u6271\u3063\u305f\u300c\u5f8c\u4ed8\u3051\u300d\u306e\u843d\u3068\u3057\u7a74\u306e\u307b\u304b\u306b\u3082\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u8a08\u753b\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u3067\u907f\u3051\u305f\u3044\u5931\u6557\u3092\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u77e5\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Amazon\u3067\u898b\u308b\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/link.amazon\/B00d0aN3T\">https:\/\/link.amazon\/B00d0aN3T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5f8c\u8f29\u300c\u5148\u751f\u3001\u89e3\u6790\u304c\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u8a55\u4fa1\u9805\u76ee\u306f\u6709\u610f\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u2026\u2026\u3002\u3067\u3082\u3001\u5e74\u9f62\u00d7\u6cbb\u7642\u306e\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3060\u3051p &lt; 0.05\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff01\u300d\u5148\u8f29\u300c\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3044\u3044\u3002\u3058\u3083\u3042\u300e\u9ad8\u9f62\u8005\u3067\u3060\u3051\u52b9\u304f\u6cbb\u7642\u300f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc\u3067\u8ad6\u6587\u3092\u66f8\u3053\u3046\u300d \u4e00 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4888,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"swell_btn_cv_data":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[156],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4874","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-156"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u691c\u5b9a\u7d50\u679c\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u9806\u5e8f.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4874","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4874"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4874\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4878,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4874\/revisions\/4878"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4888"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4874"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4874"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4874"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}