{"id":4890,"date":"2026-10-09T05:41:52","date_gmt":"2026-10-08T20:41:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/?p=4890"},"modified":"2026-10-09T05:41:52","modified_gmt":"2026-10-08T20:41:52","slug":"shapirowilk-was-significant-should-you-give-up-on-multiple-regression-clearing-up-the-normality-myth","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/entry\/shapirowilk-was-significant-should-you-give-up-on-multiple-regression-clearing-up-the-normality-myth\/","title":{"rendered":"Shapiro-Wilk\u691c\u5b9a\u3067\u6709\u610f\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u2026\u91cd\u56de\u5e30\u306f\u8ae6\u3081\u308b\u3079\u304d\uff1f\u6b63\u898f\u6027\u306e\u8aa4\u89e3\u3092\u89e3\u304f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\u5148\u751f\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u5909\u6570\u3092Shapiro-Wilk\u691c\u5b9a\u306b\u304b\u3051\u305f\u3089\u3001P\u5024\u304c0.001\u672a\u6e80\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u8aac\u660e\u5909\u6570\u3082\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u91cd\u56de\u5e30\u5206\u6790\u306f\u8ae6\u3081\u308b\u3057\u304b\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u2026\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7d71\u8a08\u306e\u76f8\u8ac7\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3001\u3053\u3046\u3057\u305f\u58f0\u3092\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u3088\u304f\u805e\u304f\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001\u7d50\u8ad6\u304b\u3089\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7d76\u671b\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/strong> \u7dda\u5f62\u56de\u5e30\u3067\u6b63\u898f\u6027\u304c\u95a2\u308f\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u5909\u6570\u3067\u3082\u8aac\u660e\u5909\u6570\u3067\u3082\u306a\u304f\u300c\u8aa4\u5dee\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3082\u305d\u306e\u6b63\u898f\u6027\u306f\u3001\u56de\u5e30\u4fc2\u6570\u306e\u63a8\u5b9a\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u306b\u306f\u4e0d\u8981\u3067\u3001P\u5024\u3084\u4fe1\u983c\u533a\u9593\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5927\u6a19\u672c\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u591a\u5c11\u5d29\u308c\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3082\u7d50\u679c\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u306f\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8aa4\u89e3\u306e\u6b63\u4f53\u3092\u6574\u7406\u3057\u3001\u300c\u4f55\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3088\u3044\u306e\u304b\u300d\u300c\u8ad6\u6587\u3084\u67fb\u8aad\u306b\u3069\u3046\u66f8\u3051\u3070\u3088\u3044\u306e\u304b\u300d\u307e\u3067\u3001\u521d\u5fc3\u8005\u306e\u65b9\u306b\u5411\u3051\u3066\u9806\u306b\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u306a\u304a\u3001\u4eee\u5b9a\u306e\u5168\u4f53\u50cf\u3092\u5148\u306b\u77e5\u308a\u305f\u3044\u65b9\u306f\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3082\u53c2\u8003\u306b\u3057\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/entry\/the-linear-regression-trap-why-normality-of-data-is-not-a-requirement\/\">\u7dda\u5f62\u56de\u5e30\u306e\u7f60\uff1a\u306a\u305c\u300c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u6b63\u898f\u6027\u300d\u306f\u5fc5\u9808\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u306e\u304b<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/entry\/linear-regression-model-assumptions\/\">\u56de\u5e30\u5206\u6790\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b 7 \u3064\u306e\u4eee\u5b9a<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u30c7\u30de\u306e\u6b63\u4f53\uff1a\u306a\u305c\u300c\u5168\u90e8\u304c\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u300d\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3044\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u3057\u307e\u3046\u306e\u304b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u8aa4\u89e3\u304c\u5e83\u307e\u308b\u7406\u7531\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u306b\u4e8c\u3064\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>t\u691c\u5b9a\u3084ANOVA\u306e\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u304c\u6301\u3061\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/strong> \u57fa\u790e\u3067\u6700\u521d\u306b\u5b66\u3076\u691c\u5b9a\u3067\u300c\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a00\u8449\u304c\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u51fa\u3066\u304f\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u300c\u7d71\u8a08\u624b\u6cd5\uff1d\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5370\u8c61\u304c\u5237\u308a\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5165\u9580\u66f8\u306e\u4f8b\u984c\u304c\u3001\u304d\u308c\u3044\u306a\u91e3\u9418\u578b\u3070\u304b\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/strong> \u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3055\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u9078\u3070\u308c\u305f\u4f8b\u304c\u3001\u3044\u3064\u306e\u9593\u306b\u304b\u300c\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u3079\u304d\u30eb\u30fc\u30eb\u300d\u306b\u898b\u3048\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u521d\u5fc3\u8005\u3060\u3051\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u81e8\u5e8a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u306e12\u8a8c\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u305f\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u30ec\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\uff08Ernst &amp; Albers, 2017\uff09\u3067\u306f\u3001\u56de\u5e30\u5206\u6790\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u8ad6\u6587\u306e4%\u3067\u3001\u5909\u6570\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u306e\u6b63\u898f\u6027\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u4eee\u5b9a\u3060\u3068\u8aa4\u3063\u3066\u6271\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u898b\u9003\u3057\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u306e\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u304c<strong>\u67fb\u8aad\u3092\u901a\u904e\u3057\u3066\u51fa\u7248\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8ad6\u6587<\/strong>\u3060\u3068\u3044\u3046\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306f\u305a\u306e\u67fb\u8aad\u8005\u304c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8aa4\u308a\u3092\u6307\u6458\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\uff08\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u6c17\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\uff09\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u554f\u984c\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u67fb\u8aad\u8005\u306e\u7d71\u8a08\u77e5\u8b58\u306e\u4e0d\u8db3\u304c\u3001\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u8cea\u3092\u4e0b\u3052\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e00\u56e0\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u5b9f\u611f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8aa4\u89e3\u3092\u542b\u3081\u3001\u898b\u5f53\u9055\u3044\u306a\u6307\u6458\u3092\u3057\u3066\u304f\u308b\u67fb\u8aad\u8005\u306f\u6c7a\u3057\u3066\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3060\u304b\u3089\u3053\u305d\u3001\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u5074\u304c\u8eab\u306b\u3064\u3051\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3001\u8ad6\u6587\u3092\u5b88\u308b\u529b\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u203b\u30b3\u30e9\u30e0\uff1a\u305f\u3068\u3048\u8a71\u300c\u6599\u7406\u4eba\u306e\u8155\u524d\u3092\u3001\u98df\u6750\u306e\u5f62\u3067\u63a1\u70b9\u3057\u306a\u3044\u300d<\/strong><br>\u56de\u5e30\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u300c\u6599\u7406\u4eba\u300d\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u300c\u98df\u6750\u300d\u306b\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3066\u307f\u3088\u3046\u3002\u6599\u7406\u4eba\u306e\u8155\u524d\uff08\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u59a5\u5f53\u6027\uff09\u3092\u898b\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306b\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u98df\u6750\u306e\u5f62\uff08\u76ee\u7684\u5909\u6570\u3084\u8aac\u660e\u5909\u6570\u306e\u5206\u5e03\uff09\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u5473\u898b\u3092\u3057\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306b\u6b8b\u308b\u30ba\u30ec\uff08\u8aa4\u5dee\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u98df\u6750\u304c\u4e0d\u305e\u308d\u3044\u3067\u3082\u3001\u30ba\u30ec\u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u304f\u504f\u308a\u304c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u6599\u7406\u306f\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u6b63\u898f\u6027\u304c\u95a2\u308f\u308b\u306e\u306f\u300c\u8aa4\u5dee\u300d\u3060\u3051<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7dda\u5f62\u56de\u5e30\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u66f8\u3051\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">$$Y = \\beta_0 + \\beta_1 X_1 + \\cdots + \\beta_k X_k + \\varepsilon$$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u3053\u3067 $\\varepsilon$ \u304c\u8aa4\u5dee\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u300c\u8aac\u660e\u5909\u6570\u3067\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u304d\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3001\u4e88\u6e2c\u306e\u306f\u305a\u308c\u5e45\u300d\u3092\u8868\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a\u7dda\u5f62\u56de\u5e30\u3067\u6b63\u898f\u6027\u304c\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e $\\varepsilon$ \u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u76ee\u7684\u5909\u6570\u304c\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3088\u3044\u7406\u7531<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76ee\u7684\u5909\u6570\u306e\u5206\u5e03\u306f\u3001\u300c\u8aac\u660e\u5909\u6570\u306b\u3088\u308b\u9055\u3044\u300d\u3068\u300c\u8aa4\u5dee\u300d\u304c\u6df7\u3056\u3063\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u4f53\u91cd\u3092\u6027\u5225\uff08\u7537\u6027\uff0f\u5973\u6027\uff09\u3067\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u8003\u3048\u3066\u307f\u3088\u3046\u3002\u7537\u5973\u3092\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u4f53\u91cd\u306e\u5206\u5e03\u306f\u3001\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u5c71\u3092\u6301\u3064\u5f62\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u7537\u5973\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u8aa4\u5dee\u304c\u6574\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u3001\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u554f\u984c\u304c\u306a\u3044\u3002<strong>\u76ee\u7684\u5909\u6570\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u898b\u305f\u76ee\u304c\u91e3\u9418\u578b\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u7570\u5e38\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8aac\u660e\u5909\u6570\u304c\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3088\u3044\u7406\u7531<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8aac\u660e\u5909\u6570\u306f\u3001\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u306f\u300c\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5024\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3002\u8aac\u660e\u5909\u6570\u306e\u5024\u3092\u6c7a\u307e\u3063\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3066\uff08\u6761\u4ef6\u4ed8\u304d\u3067\uff09\u8003\u3048\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5206\u5e03\u306e\u5f62\u306f\u554f\u308f\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002\u305d\u306e\u6700\u3082\u5206\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044\u8a3c\u62e0\u304c\u3001<strong>\u30c0\u30df\u30fc\u5909\u6570<\/strong>\uff08\u30bc\u30ed1\u5909\u6570\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u300c\u7537\u6027\uff1d1\u3001\u5973\u6027\uff1d0\u300d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a0\/1\u306e\u5909\u6570\u306f\u3001\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u3068\u306f\u4f3c\u3066\u3082\u4f3c\u3064\u304b\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u56de\u5e30\u5206\u6790\u306b\u306f\u5f53\u305f\u308a\u524d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u8aac\u660e\u5909\u6570\u306b\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u5916\u308c\u5024\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3001\u305d\u306e1\u70b9\u304c\u56de\u5e30\u76f4\u7dda\u3092\u5927\u304d\u304f\u5f15\u3063\u5f35\u308b\uff08\u5f71\u97ff\u70b9\u306b\u306a\u308b\uff09\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u300c\u6b63\u898f\u6027\u300d\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u300c\u5916\u308c\u5024\u300d\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5225\u306b\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u203b\u30b3\u30e9\u30e0\uff1a\u8aa4\u5dee\u3068\u6b8b\u5dee\u306e\u9055\u3044<\/strong><br>\u300c\u8aa4\u5dee\u300d\u306f\u3001\u6bcd\u96c6\u56e3\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u672c\u5f53\u306e\u306f\u305a\u308c\u5e45\u3067\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306b\u306f\u76f4\u63a5\u898b\u3048\u306a\u3044\u3002\u300c\u6b8b\u5dee\u300d\u306f\u3001\u624b\u5143\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u5f53\u3066\u306f\u3081\u305f\u3042\u3068\u306b\u6b8b\u308b\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u300c\u5b9f\u6e2c\u5024\uff0d\u4e88\u6e2c\u5024\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4eee\u5b9a\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306f\u3001\u898b\u3048\u306a\u3044\u8aa4\u5dee\u306e\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u6b8b\u5dee\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"biost-1843328198\" class=\"biost- biost-entity-placement\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/kmhl\">\uff1e\uff1e\u3082\u3046\u7d71\u8a08\u3067\u60a9\u3080\u306e\u306f\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u306b\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b\uff1f\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/kmhl\"><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2794 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/bn_r_03.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"327\" \/><\/a>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 20px;\"><strong><span class=\"marker2\">\u21911\u4e07\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u533b\u7642\u5f93\u4e8b\u8005\u304c\u8cfc\u8aad\u4e2d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u305d\u306e\u6b63\u898f\u6027\u3082\u3001\u63a8\u5b9a\u306b\u306f\u5fc5\u9808\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff1aGauss\u2013Markov \u3068\u5927\u6a19\u672c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5b9f\u306f\u3001\u8aa4\u5dee\u306e\u6b63\u898f\u6027\u3067\u3055\u3048\u3001\u56de\u5e30\u4fc2\u6570\u3092\u63a8\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u306a\u3089\u5fc5\u9808\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u81e8\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u306fP\u5024\u3084\u4fe1\u983c\u533a\u9593\u3092\u5831\u544a\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u901a\u5e38\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6b8b\u5dee\u304c\u304a\u304a\u3080\u306d\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u3068\u307f\u306a\u305b\u308b\u304b\u306f\u3001\u539f\u5247\u3068\u3057\u3066\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3079\u304d\u9805\u76ee\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u300c\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3079\u304d\u300d\u3068\u300c\u5d29\u308c\u305f\u3089\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u300d\u306f\u3001\u5168\u304f\u5225\u306e\u8a71\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u70b9\u63a8\u5b9a\u306b\u306f\u6b63\u898f\u6027\u306f\u4e0d\u8981<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6700\u5c0f\u4e8c\u4e57\u6cd5\u306b\u3088\u308b\u56de\u5e30\u4fc2\u6570\u306e\u63a8\u5b9a\u5024\u306f\u3001\u8aa4\u5dee\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u304c\u30bc\u30ed\u3067\u3001\u7121\u76f8\u95a2\u3067\u3001\u5206\u6563\u304c\u4e00\u5b9a\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u4e0d\u504f\u3067\u3001\u7dda\u5f62\u4e0d\u504f\u63a8\u5b9a\u91cf\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u6700\u3082\u5206\u6563\u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3001Gauss\u2013Markov\u306e\u5b9a\u7406\u3068\u3057\u3066\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5b9a\u7406\u306b\u3001\u6b63\u898f\u6027\u306f\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6b63\u898f\u6027\u304c\u52b9\u3044\u3066\u304f\u308b\u306e\u306f\u300cP\u5024\u3068\u4fe1\u983c\u533a\u9593\u300d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b63\u898f\u6027\u304c\u5f79\u306b\u7acb\u3064\u306e\u306f\u3001\u5c0f\u3055\u306a\u6a19\u672c\u3067P\u5024\u3084\u4fe1\u983c\u533a\u9593\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8a08\u7b97\u3057\u305f\u3044\u5834\u9762\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002Schmidt &amp; Finan\uff082018\uff09\u3082\u3001\u6b63\u898f\u6027\u306e\u9055\u53cd\u306f\u70b9\u63a8\u5b9a\u306b\u30d0\u30a4\u30a2\u30b9\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3055\u305a\u3001\u6a19\u6e96\u8aa4\u5dee\u30fb\u4fe1\u983c\u533a\u9593\u30fbP\u5024\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u308b\u3068\u6574\u7406\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u6a19\u672c\u304c\u5927\u304d\u3044\u5834\u5408\uff08\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5909\u65701\u3064\u3042\u305f\u308a\u89b3\u6e2c\u6570\u304c10\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u308b\u5834\u5408\uff09\u306b\u306f\u3001\u9055\u53cd\u304c\u7d50\u679c\u306b\u76ee\u7acb\u3063\u305f\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5927\u6a19\u672c\u3067\u5f71\u97ff\u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u304f\u306a\u308b\u80cc\u666f\u306b\u306f\u3001\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6975\u9650\u5b9a\u7406\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001Lumley\u3089\uff082002\uff09\u306f\u3001\u7dda\u5f62\u56de\u5e30\u304c\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u3059\u308b\u76ee\u7684\u5909\u6570\u306b\u3057\u304b\u4f7f\u3048\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8003\u3048\u306f\u5e83\u304f\u4fe1\u3058\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u8aa4\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u5927\u6a19\u672c\u3067\u306f\u5206\u5e03\u306b\u3088\u3089\u305a\u59a5\u5f53\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u305f\u3060\u3057\u540c\u3058\u8ad6\u6587\u306f\u3001\u7dda\u5f62\u56de\u5e30\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u9650\u754c\u306f\u5206\u5e03\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u5e73\u5747\u306e\u5dee\u3092\u63a8\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3001\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u77e5\u308a\u305f\u3044\u554f\u3044\u306b\u7b54\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u300d\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u533b\u7642\u8cbb\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6975\u7aef\u306b\u6b6a\u3093\u3060\u6307\u6a19\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u304c\u76ee\u7684\u306b\u5408\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u3001\u4e00\u5ea6\u8003\u3048\u3066\u304a\u304d\u305f\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u203b\u30b3\u30e9\u30e0\uff1a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6975\u9650\u5b9a\u7406\u3092\u4e00\u8a00\u3067<\/strong><br>\u300c\u30b5\u30a4\u30b3\u30ed1\u500b\u306e\u76ee\u306e\u5206\u5e03\u306f\u5e73\u3089\u3060\u304c\u3001\u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093\u632f\u3063\u3066\u5e73\u5747\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u3068\u3001\u91e3\u9418\u578b\u306b\u8fd1\u3065\u304f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u73fe\u8c61\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3002\u56de\u5e30\u4fc2\u6570\u306e\u63a8\u5b9a\u5024\u3082\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u7a4d\u307f\u91cd\u306d\u305f\u300c\u5e73\u5747\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u300d\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u6a19\u672c\u304c\u5927\u304d\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u5143\u306e\u5206\u5e03\u304c\u591a\u5c11\u6b6a\u3093\u3067\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u63a8\u5b9a\u5024\u306e\u3070\u3089\u3064\u304d\u65b9\u306f\u91e3\u9418\u578b\u306b\u8fd1\u3065\u304f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u305f\u3060\u3057\u300c\u3044\u3064\u3067\u3082\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3066\u3088\u3044\u300d\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u614e\u91cd\u306b\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u305f\u307b\u3046\u304c\u3088\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6a19\u672c\u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\uff08P\u5024\u3084\u4fe1\u983c\u533a\u9593\u306e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u304c\u843d\u3061\u3084\u3059\u3044\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6b8b\u5dee\u306e\u5206\u5e03\u304c\u6975\u7aef\u306b\u6b6a\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5916\u308c\u5024\u304c\u76ee\u7acb\u3064<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u500b\u3005\u306e\u4e88\u6e2c\u5024\u306e\u300c\u4e88\u6e2c\u533a\u9593\u300d\u3092\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u3044\uff08\u4e88\u6e2c\u533a\u9593\u306f\u30011\u4eba\u3072\u3068\u308a\u306e\u8aa4\u5dee\u306e\u5206\u5e03\u306e\u5f62\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u4f9d\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6975\u9650\u5b9a\u7406\u306e\u6069\u6075\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u306b\u304f\u3044\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u6b63\u898f\u6027\u3088\u308a\u5148\u306b\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3053\u3068<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b63\u898f\u6027\u306b\u60a9\u3080\u524d\u306b\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u70b9\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u307b\u3046\u304c\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u306f\u5927\u304d\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u9805\u76ee<\/th><th>\u898b\u308b\u3082\u306e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u7dda\u5f62\u6027<\/td><td>\u6b8b\u5dee\u3068\u4e88\u6e2c\u5024\u306e\u6563\u5e03\u56f3\u306b\u3001\u66f2\u304c\u3063\u305f\u50be\u5411\u304c\u306a\u3044\u304b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u7b49\u5206\u6563\u6027<\/td><td>\u4e88\u6e2c\u5024\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u306a\u308b\u307b\u3069\u3001\u6b8b\u5dee\u306e\u3070\u3089\u3064\u304d\u304c\u5e83\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u72ec\u7acb\u6027<\/td><td>\u540c\u3058\u4eba\u306e\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3084\u3001\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u306e\u4e26\u3073\u306a\u3069\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u540c\u58eb\u304c\u3064\u306a\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5916\u308c\u5024\u30fb\u5f71\u97ff\u70b9<\/td><td>1\u70b9\u3060\u3051\u3067\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u5909\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lumley\u3089\u3082\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u5909\u6570\u306e\u6b63\u898f\u6027\u3088\u308a\u3082\u3001\u5206\u6563\u304c\u4e00\u5b9a\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u306e\u307b\u3046\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u6307\u6458\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b63\u898f\u6027\u3092\u898b\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u691c\u5b9a\u3088\u308a\u3082\u3001\u6b8b\u5dee\u306eQ-Q\u30d7\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\uff08\u70b9\u304c\u659c\u3081\u306e\u76f4\u7dda\u306b\u307b\u307c\u6cbf\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\uff09\u3092\u4e3b\u306b\u4f7f\u3046\u306e\u304c\u3088\u3044\u3002Shapiro-Wilk\u691c\u5b9a\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u691c\u5b9a\u306f\u3001\u6a19\u672c\u304c\u5927\u304d\u3044\u3068\u3001\u5b9f\u52d9\u4e0a\u306f\u554f\u984c\u306b\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u5c0f\u3055\u306a\u30ba\u30ec\u3067\u3082P\u5024\u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u304f\u306a\u308a\u3001\u6a19\u672c\u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u3068\u30ba\u30ec\u3092\u898b\u9003\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6027\u8cea\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u691c\u5b9a\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3060\u3051\u3067\u5224\u65ad\u3057\u306a\u3044\u307b\u3046\u304c\u3088\u3044\u3002\u691c\u5b9a\u3092\u4f7f\u3044\u3059\u304e\u308b\u554f\u984c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u3053\u3061\u3089\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/entry\/the-trap-of-pre-testing-why-it-fails-and-better-alternatives\/\">\u7d71\u8a08\u5b66\u306e\u843d\u3068\u3057\u7a74\uff1f\u300c\u524d\u63d0\u78ba\u8a8d\u306e\u691c\u5b9a\u300d\u3092\u907f\u3051\u308b\u3079\u304d\u7406\u7531\u3068\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u5411\u304d\u5408\u3044\u65b9<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u3084\u3063\u3066\u306f\u3044\u3051\u306a\u3044\u5bfe\u51e6\uff1a\u300c\u6b63\u898f\u306b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300d\u306e\u5b89\u6613\u306a\u5909\u63db<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300cShapiro-Wilk\u691c\u5b9a\u3067P\u5024\u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u304b\u3063\u305f\u304b\u3089\u3001\u3068\u308a\u3042\u3048\u305a\u76ee\u7684\u5909\u6570\u3092\u5bfe\u6570\u5909\u63db\u3057\u3088\u3046\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5bfe\u51e6\u306f\u3001\u5b9f\u306f\u5371\u3046\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Schmidt &amp; Finan\uff082018\uff09\u306f\u3001\u6b63\u898f\u6027\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306b\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u76ee\u7684\u5909\u6570\u306e\u6063\u610f\u7684\u306a\u5909\u63db\u3053\u305d\u304c\u3001\u70b9\u63a8\u5b9a\u306b\u30d0\u30a4\u30a2\u30b9\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3057\u3046\u308b\u3068\u6307\u6458\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u5909\u63db\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u56de\u5e30\u4fc2\u6570\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3082\u5909\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u5bfe\u6570\u5909\u63db\u5f8c\u306e\u4fc2\u6570\u306f\u3001\u300c1\u5358\u4f4d\u5897\u3048\u308b\u3068\u4f55\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u5909\u308f\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u304a\u304a\u3088\u305d\u4f55%\u5909\u308f\u308b\u304b\u300d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u89e3\u91c8\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u5909\u63db\u5f8c\u306e\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3067\u63a8\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u5024\u3092\u5143\u306e\u5358\u4f4d\u306b\u623b\u3059\u3068\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u5024\u3068\u306f\u5225\u306e\u91cf\uff08\u5e7e\u4f55\u5e73\u5747\u3084\u4e2d\u592e\u5024\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u3082\u306e\uff09\u3092\u898b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5bfe\u6570\u5909\u63db\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u304c\u60aa\u3044\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002<strong>\u300c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u3046\u307e\u304f\u8868\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3059\u308b\u300d\u306e\u306f\u3088\u3044\u304c\u3001\u300c\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u306b\u898b\u305b\u304b\u3051\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3059\u308b\u300d\u306e\u306f\u907f\u3051\u305f\u3044\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u203b\u30b3\u30e9\u30e0\uff1a\u305f\u3068\u3048\u8a71\u300c\u898b\u6804\u3048\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u4f53\u6e29\u8a08\u306e\u76ee\u76db\u308a\u3092\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u306a\u3044\u300d<\/strong><br>\u4f53\u6e29\u8a08\u306e\u898b\u305f\u76ee\u3092\u6574\u3048\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u76ee\u76db\u308a\u3092\u52dd\u624b\u306b\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u305f\u3089\u3001\u6e2c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u610f\u5473\u304c\u5909\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3002\u76ee\u7684\u5909\u6570\u3092\u300c\u6b63\u898f\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u300d\u3086\u304c\u3081\u308b\u5909\u63db\u3082\u3001\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u6570\u5024\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3092\u5909\u3048\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \u8ad6\u6587\u30fb\u67fb\u8aad\u3067\u306e\u66f8\u304d\u65b9\uff08\u82f1\u6587\u4f8b\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306f\u8a18\u8ff0\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u6570\u5024\u3084\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u306f\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d\u7d50\u679c\u306b\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3066\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Methods\uff08\u4f8b\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Model assumptions of the multiple linear regression were evaluated using the residuals. Linearity and homoscedasticity were assessed by plotting the residuals against the fitted values, and normality of the residuals was assessed using a normal quantile\u2013quantile (Q\u2013Q) plot. The outcome variable was not transformed solely to achieve normality. Influential observations were examined using [Cook&#8217;s distance \/ leverage].<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u67fb\u8aad\u8005\u306b\u300c\u76ee\u7684\u5909\u6570\u304c\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u6307\u6458\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306e\u8fd4\u7b54\uff08\u4f8b\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We thank the reviewer for this comment. In linear regression, the normality assumption concerns the error term (assessed using the residuals), not the marginal distribution of the outcome or the explanatory variables. We therefore examined the residuals using a Q\u2013Q plot, which showed [no marked deviation from normality \/ describe findings]. In addition, given the sample size (n = [XXX]), inference on the regression coefficients is expected to be robust to moderate departures from normality (Lumley et al., 2002; Schmidt &amp; Finan, 2018).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u203b\u88dc\u8db3\uff1amarginal distribution\uff08\u5468\u8fba\u5206\u5e03\uff09\u3068\u306f<\/strong><br>\u8aac\u660e\u5909\u6570\u3067\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306b\u533a\u5207\u3063\u305f\u308a\u305b\u305a\u3001<strong>\u3042\u308a\u306e\u307e\u307e\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u5909\u6570\u3060\u3051\u3092\u898b\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306e\u5206\u5e03<\/strong>\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u7537\u5973\u3092\u533a\u5225\u305b\u305a\u306b\u4f53\u91cd\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u30d2\u30b9\u30c8\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u63cf\u3044\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f62\u304c\u5468\u8fba\u5206\u5e03\u306b\u3042\u305f\u308b\u3002\u7dda\u5f62\u56de\u5e30\u3067\u554f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u300c\u3042\u308a\u306e\u307e\u307e\u306e\u5f62\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8aac\u660e\u5909\u6570\u3067\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u305f\u3042\u3068\u306b\u6b8b\u308b\u8aa4\u5dee\u306e\u5f62\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd4\u7b54\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u306f\u3001\u6b21\u306e3\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6b63\u898f\u6027\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\u306f\u300c\u8aa4\u5dee\uff08\u6b8b\u5dee\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3001\u51b7\u9759\u306b\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u6b8b\u5dee\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6a19\u672c\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u3068\u3001\u5148\u884c\u3059\u308b\u6587\u732e\u3092\u6839\u62e0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6dfb\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u307e\u3068\u3081<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7dda\u5f62\u56de\u5e30\u3067\u6b63\u898f\u6027\u304c\u95a2\u308f\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001<strong>\u76ee\u7684\u5909\u6570\u3067\u3082\u8aac\u660e\u5909\u6570\u3067\u3082\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8aa4\u5dee\uff08\u6b8b\u5dee\uff09<\/strong>\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u305d\u306e\u6b63\u898f\u6027\u306f\u3001\u70b9\u63a8\u5b9a\u306b\u306f\u4e0d\u8981\u3067\u3001P\u5024\u3084\u4fe1\u983c\u533a\u9593\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u308b\u3002\u6b8b\u5dee\u306f\u539f\u5247\u3068\u3057\u3066\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\u304c\u3001<strong>\u5927\u6a19\u672c\u3067\u306f\u591a\u5c11\u5d29\u308c\u3066\u3082\u5f71\u97ff\u306f\u5c0f\u3055\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/strong>\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6b63\u898f\u6027\u306b\u60a9\u3080\u524d\u306b\u3001<strong>\u7dda\u5f62\u6027\u30fb\u7b49\u5206\u6563\u6027\u30fb\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u30fb\u5916\u308c\u5024<\/strong>\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u300c\u6b63\u898f\u306b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5909\u63db\u300d\u306f\u3001\u3080\u3057\u308d\u30d0\u30a4\u30a2\u30b9\u306e\u3082\u3068<\/strong>\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3046\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Shapiro-Wilk\u691c\u5b9a\u3067P\u5024\u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u305d\u3053\u3067\u5206\u6790\u3092\u8ae6\u3081\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u307e\u305a\u3001\u6b8b\u5dee\u3092\u898b\u308b\u3068\u3053\u308d\u304b\u3089\u59cb\u3081\u3066\u307f\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lumley T, Diehr P, Emerson S, Chen L. The importance of the normality assumption in large public health data sets. <em>Annu Rev Public Health<\/em>. 2002;23:151-169. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.annualreviews.org\/content\/journals\/10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.23.100901.140546\">doi:10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.23.100901.140546<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Schmidt AF, Finan C. Linear regression and the normality assumption. <em>J Clin Epidemiol<\/em>. 2018;98:146-151. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jclinepi.com\/article\/S0895-4356(17)30485-7\/abstract\">doi:10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.12.006<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ernst AF, Albers CJ. Regression assumptions in clinical psychology research practice\u2014a systematic review of common misconceptions. <em>PeerJ<\/em>. 2017;5:e3323. <a href=\"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/3323\/\">doi:10.7717\/peerj.3323<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u304a\u3059\u3059\u3081\u66f8\u7c4d\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u306b\u62b5\u6297\u304c\u306a\u3044\u65b9\u5411\u3051\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/users.aalto.fi\/~ave\/ROS.pdf\"><strong>Regression and Other Stories<\/strong><br>Andrew Gelman, Jennifer Hill, Aki Vehtari \u8457\uff5cCambridge University Press\uff082020\u5e74\uff09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56de\u5e30\u5206\u6790\u3092\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3092\u89e3\u304f\u305f\u3081\u306e\u9053\u5177\u3068\u3057\u3066\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u305f\u5b9a\u8a55\u306e\u3042\u308b\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002Gelman\u5148\u751f\u3089\u306f\u3001\u56de\u5e30\u306e\u4eee\u5b9a\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u8aa4\u5dee\u306e\u6b63\u898f\u6027\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u5ea6\u306f\u6700\u3082\u4f4e\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7acb\u5834\u3092\u53d6\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\u65e7\u7248 <em>Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel\/Hierarchical Models<\/em> \u3067\u3082\u540c\u69d8\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff09\u3002\u300c\u5909\u6570\u304c\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8aa4\u89e3\u3092\u89e3\u304f\u3046\u3048\u3067\u3001\u983c\u308a\u306b\u306a\u308b\u4e00\u518a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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