{"id":5064,"date":"2026-11-13T06:05:48","date_gmt":"2026-11-12T21:05:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/?p=5064"},"modified":"2026-11-13T06:05:49","modified_gmt":"2026-11-12T21:05:49","slug":"polychoric-correlation-factor-analysis-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/entry\/polychoric-correlation-factor-analysis-r\/","title":{"rendered":"4\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u8cea\u554f\u7968\u3092\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u3067\u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u6790\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\uff1f \u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306e\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u3068R\u3067\u306e\u5b9f\u8df5"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u82e5\u624b\u533b\u5e2b<\/strong>\uff1a\u6291\u3046\u3064\u75c7\u72b6\u306e\u8cea\u554f\u7968\uff088\u9805\u76ee\uff09\u306e\u56e0\u5b50\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u78ba\u304b\u3081\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5404\u9805\u76ee\u306f\u300c0\uff1a\u5168\u304f\u306a\u3044\u300d\u300c1\uff1a\u6570\u65e5\u300d\u300c2\uff1a\u534a\u5206\u4ee5\u4e0a\u300d\u300c3\uff1a\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u6bce\u65e5\u300d\u306e4\u6bb5\u968e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u300c\u6c17\u5206\u306e\u75c7\u72b6\u300d4\u9805\u76ee\u3068\u300c\u8eab\u4f53\u306e\u75c7\u72b6\u300d4\u9805\u76ee\u306e2\u56e0\u5b50\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3067\u78ba\u8a8d\u7684\u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u6790\uff08CFA\uff09\u3092\u3057\u305f\u3089\u3001\u9069\u5408\u5ea6\u306f\u826f\u597d\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7d71\u8a08\u62c5\u5f53<\/strong>\uff1a\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3088\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u56e0\u5b50\u8ca0\u8377\u91cf\u306f\u3069\u3046\u3060\u3063\u305f\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u82e5\u624b\u533b\u5e2b<\/strong>\uff1a\u305d\u308c\u304c\u3001\u601d\u3063\u305f\u3088\u308a\u4f4e\u3044\u3093\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5148\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u306f0.8\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u9805\u76ee\u304c\u30010.5\u301c0.7\u53f0\u3057\u304b\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3002\u56de\u7b54\u306f\u300c0\u300d\u304c\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u3067\u30016\u5272\u304f\u3089\u3044\u306e\u4eba\u304c\u300c0\u300d\u3092\u9078\u3093\u3067\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7d71\u8a08\u62c5\u5f53<\/strong>\uff1a\u306a\u308b\u307b\u3069\u3002\u305d\u306eCFA\u30010\u301c3\u70b9\u3092\u9023\u7d9a\u91cf\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3075\u3064\u3046\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\uff08\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\uff09\u3092\u3082\u3068\u306b\u8a08\u7b97\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\uff1f 4\u6bb5\u968e\u3057\u304b\u306a\u3044\u3001\u3057\u304b\u3082\u300c0\u300d\u306b\u504f\u3063\u305f\u70b9\u6570\u3069\u3046\u3057\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u306f\u3001\u672c\u5f53\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3088\u308a\u5c0f\u3055\u304f\u51fa\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3093\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u82e5\u624b\u533b\u5e2b<\/strong>\uff1a\u9069\u5408\u5ea6\u304c\u826f\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3001\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7d71\u8a08\u62c5\u5f53<\/strong>\uff1a\u9069\u5408\u5ea6\u306f\u300c\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u5f62\u304c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3068\u77db\u76fe\u3057\u306a\u3044\u304b\u300d\u3092\u898b\u308b\u6307\u6a19\u3060\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5f62\u304c\u5408\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u826f\u597d\u3068\u51fa\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3067\u3082\u3001\u8ca0\u8377\u91cf\u306e\u5927\u304d\u3055\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u304c\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u306b\u5c0f\u3055\u3081\u306b\u63a8\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3093\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">0\u301c3\u70b9\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u70b9\u6570\u306f\u3001\u75c7\u72b6\u306e\u5f37\u3055\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u672c\u6765\u306f\u306a\u3081\u3089\u304b\u306a\u91cf\u300d\u3092\u3001\u7c97\u3044\u76ee\u76db\u308a\u3067\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u3063\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u76ee\u76db\u308a\u304c\u7c97\u3044\u307b\u3069\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u56de\u7b54\u304c\u4e00\u65b9\u306b\u504f\u308b\u307b\u3069\u3001\u70b9\u6570\u3069\u3046\u3057\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6765\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3088\u308a\u5c0f\u3055\u304f\u51fa\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u305d\u3053\u3067\u3001<strong>\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u88cf\u306b\u3042\u308b\u300c\u898b\u3048\u306a\u3044\u9023\u7d9a\u91cf\u300d\u3069\u3046\u3057\u306e\u76f8\u95a2<\/strong>\u3092\u63a8\u5b9a\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3044\u3046\u306e\u304c\u3001<strong>\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2<\/strong>\uff08polychoric correlation\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306e\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u3068\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u4e07\u80fd\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u7406\u7531\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u9806\u5e8f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u306e\u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u6790\uff08\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u30fb\u78ba\u8a8d\u7684\uff09\u3067\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9\u3092\u3001R\u3067\u624b\u3092\u52d5\u304b\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u306a\u304a\u3001\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8cea\u554f\u7968\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u300c\u9805\u76ee\u3054\u3068\u306e\u56de\u7b54\u78ba\u7387\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5225\u306e\u89d2\u5ea6\u304b\u3089\u5206\u6790\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u3001\u9805\u76ee\u53cd\u5fdc\u7406\u8ad6\uff08IRT\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002IRT\u306e\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u306f<a href=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/entry\/item-response-theory-basics\/\">\u9805\u76ee\u53cd\u5fdc\u7406\u8ad6\uff08IRT\uff09\u306e\u57fa\u790e<\/a>\u3067\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u88cf\u306b\u3042\u308b\u300c\u898b\u3048\u306a\u3044\u9023\u7d9a\u91cf\u300d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1-1. \u5ddd\u306e\u6c34\u4f4d\u3068\u8b66\u6212\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5ddd\u306e\u6c34\u4f4d\u3092\u601d\u3044\u6d6e\u304b\u3079\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3002\u6c34\u4f4d\u306f\u672c\u6765\u3001\u306a\u3081\u3089\u304b\u306b\u4e0a\u304c\u3063\u305f\u308a\u4e0b\u304c\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u9023\u7d9a\u91cf\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3068\u3053\u308d\u304c\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306b\u77e5\u3089\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u304c\u300c\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb1\u301c4\u300d\u306e4\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u8b66\u6212\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3060\u3051\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3089\u3069\u3046\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002\u540c\u3058\u300c\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb2\u300d\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u3082\u3001\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb1\u5bc4\u308a\u306e\u4f4e\u3044\u6c34\u4f4d\u3082\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb3\u5bc4\u308a\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u6c34\u4f4d\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9055\u3044\u306f\u898b\u3048\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8cea\u554f\u7968\u306e\u56de\u7b54\u3082\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u300c\u6291\u3046\u3064\u6c17\u5206\u306e\u5f37\u3055\u300d\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6765\u306f\u4eba\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u306a\u3081\u3089\u304b\u306b\u7570\u306a\u308b\u9023\u7d9a\u91cf\u3060\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u304c\u89b3\u6e2c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u306f\u300c0\u301c3\u300d\u306e\u3069\u308c\u3092\u9078\u3093\u3060\u304b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1-2. \u95be\u5024\u3067\u533a\u5207\u308b\uff1a\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u306e\u5f0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u3092\u5f0f\u3067\u66f8\u304f\u3068\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u89b3\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u56de\u7b54\u3092 $X$\u3001\u305d\u306e\u88cf\u306b\u3042\u308b\u898b\u3048\u306a\u3044\u9023\u7d9a\u91cf\uff08\u6f5c\u5728\u5909\u6570\uff09\u3092 $X^*$ \u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">$$<br>X = k \\quad \\Longleftrightarrow \\quad \\tau_k &lt; X^* \\le \\tau_{k+1} \\qquad (k = 0, 1, 2, 3)<br>$$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u3053\u3067 $\\tau_1, \\tau_2, \\tau_3$ \u306f<strong>\u95be\u5024<\/strong>\uff08\u3044\u304d\u3061\u3001threshold\uff09\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u533a\u5207\u308a\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff08\u4e21\u7aef\u306f $\\tau_0 = -\\infty$\u3001$\\tau_4 = +\\infty$ \u3068\u3059\u308b\uff09\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u300c\u6f5c\u5728\u5909\u6570 $X^*$ \u304c $\\tau_1$ \u4ee5\u4e0b\u306a\u3089\u300e0\u300f\u3068\u7b54\u3048\u3001$\\tau_1$ \u3068 $\\tau_2$ \u306e\u9593\u306a\u3089\u300e1\u300f\u3068\u7b54\u3048\u2026\u2026\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30eb\u30fc\u30eb\u3067\u3001\u9023\u7d9a\u91cf\u304c\u6bb5\u968e\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"632\" height=\"481\" src=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/image-6.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5067\" srcset=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/image-6.png 632w, https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/image-6-300x228.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 632px) 100vw, 632px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u56f31\uff1a\u6f5c\u5728\u5909\u6570\u3092\u95be\u5024\u3067\u533a\u5207\u308b\u3068\u3001\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u56de\u7b54\u306b\u306a\u308b\uff08\u5de6\uff1a\u6f5c\u5728\u5909\u6570\u306e\u5206\u5e03\u30683\u672c\u306e\u95be\u5024\u3001\u53f3\uff1a\u89b3\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u56de\u7b54\u306e\u5272\u5408\uff09\u3011<br>\uff08\u56f31\u306fStep 0\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u4f5c\u6210\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6f5c\u5728\u5909\u6570 $X^*$ \u304c<strong>\u6a19\u6e96\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03<\/strong>\u306b\u5f93\u3046\u3068\u4eee\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u95be\u5024\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306f\u3001\u5404\u6bb5\u968e\u3092\u9078\u3093\u3060\u4eba\u306e\u5272\u5408\u304b\u3089\u6c7a\u307e\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u300c0\u300d\u3068\u7b54\u3048\u305f\u4eba\u304c\u5168\u4f53\u306e60\uff05\u306a\u3089\u3001$\\tau_1$ \u306f\u300c\u6a19\u6e96\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u3067\u3001\u4e0b\u304b\u308960\uff05\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u300d\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a\u7d040.25\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u300c0\u300d\u304b\u300c1\u300d\u3068\u7b54\u3048\u305f\u4eba\u304c84\uff05\u306a\u3089\u3001$\\tau_2$ \u306f\u4e0b\u304b\u308984\uff05\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3067\u3001\u7d041.0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56f31\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u95be\u5024\u304c\u53f3\uff08\u91cd\u75c7\u5074\uff09\u306b\u5bc4\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u4eba\u304c\u300c0\u300d\u306b\u96c6\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5192\u982d\u306e\u8cea\u554f\u7968\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u56de\u7b54\u304c\u300c0\u300d\u306b\u504f\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3053\u3046\u3044\u3046\u72b6\u6cc1\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u95be\u5024\u306e\u9593\u9694\u304c\u7b49\u9593\u9694\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3082\u6ce8\u76ee\u3057\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3002\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u70b9\u6570\uff080, 1, 2, 3\uff09\u306f\u7b49\u9593\u9694\u3067\u3082\u3001\u305d\u306e\u88cf\u306b\u3042\u308b\u6f5c\u5728\u5909\u6570\u306e\u4e0a\u3067\u306e\u533a\u5207\u308a\u306f\u3001\u7b49\u9593\u9694\u3068\u306f\u9650\u3089\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u3068\u306f\uff1a2\u3064\u306e\u898b\u3048\u306a\u3044\u9023\u7d9a\u91cf\u306e\u76f8\u95a2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2-1. 2\u5909\u91cf\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u3092\u683c\u5b50\u3067\u533a\u5207\u308b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u3053\u307e\u3067\u306f1\u3064\u306e\u9805\u76ee\u306e\u8a71\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002\u76f8\u95a2\u306f2\u3064\u306e\u9805\u76ee\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u9805\u76eeA\u306e\u6f5c\u5728\u5909\u6570 $X^<em>$ \u3068\u3001\u9805\u76eeB\u306e\u6f5c\u5728\u5909\u6570 $Y^<\/em>$ \u3092\u540c\u6642\u306b\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e2\u3064\u306e\u6f5c\u5728\u5909\u6570\u304c<strong>2\u5909\u91cf\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03<\/strong>\u306b\u5f93\u3046\u3068\u4eee\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u30022\u5909\u91cf\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u306f\u3001\u7b49\u9ad8\u7dda\u3067\u63cf\u304f\u3068\u6955\u5186\u5f62\u306e\u5c71\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u76f8\u95a2\u304c\u5f37\u3044\u307b\u3069\u3001\u6955\u5186\u306f\u7d30\u9577\u304f\u659c\u3081\u306b\u4f38\u3073\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u5c71\u3092\u3001\u9805\u76eeA\u306e\u95be\u5024\uff08\u7e26\u7dda\uff09\u3068\u9805\u76eeB\u306e\u95be\u5024\uff08\u6a2a\u7dda\uff09\u3067\u533a\u5207\u308b\u3068\u30014\u00d74\uff1d16\u500b\u306e\u30de\u30b9\u76ee\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u5404\u30de\u30b9\u76ee\u306b\u5165\u308b\u78ba\u7387\u304c\u3001\u300c\u9805\u76eeA\u3067 $i$ \u3068\u7b54\u3048\u3001\u9805\u76eeB\u3067 $j$ \u3068\u7b54\u3048\u308b\u4eba\u306e\u5272\u5408\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"632\" height=\"481\" src=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/image-7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5068\" srcset=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/image-7.png 632w, https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/image-7-300x228.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 632px) 100vw, 632px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u56f32\uff1a2\u5909\u91cf\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\uff08\u76f8\u95a20.5\uff09\u3092\u95be\u5024\u306e\u683c\u5b50\u3067\u533a\u5207\u3063\u305f\u56f3\u3011<br>\uff08\u56f32\u306fStep 0\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u4f5c\u6210\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u304c\u624b\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306f\u30012\u9805\u76ee\u306e\u56de\u7b54\u306e\u30af\u30ed\u30b9\u8868\uff084\u00d74\u306e\u5ea6\u6570\u8868\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306f\u3001\u300c<strong>\u89b3\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30af\u30ed\u30b9\u8868\u3092\u6700\u3082\u3088\u304f\u518d\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u3001\u6955\u5186\u306e\u50be\u304d\uff08\u76f8\u95a2 $\\rho$\uff09\u306f\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b<\/strong>\u300d\u3092\u63a2\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3067\u63a8\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u3048\u308b\u306a\u3089\u3001\u30de\u30b9\u76ee\u3054\u3068\u306e\u4eba\u6570\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u5f71\u300d\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5149\u3092\u5f53\u3066\u308b\u524d\u306e\u7acb\u4f53\u306e\u5f62\uff08\u6955\u5186\u306e\u50be\u304d\uff09\u3092\u9006\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5f71\u306e\u5f62\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308c\u3070\u3001\u5143\u306e\u7acb\u4f53\u306e\u50be\u304d\u3092\u3042\u308b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u63a8\u3057\u91cf\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u3053\u3067\u5927\u4e8b\u306a\u306e\u306f\u3001\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306f<strong>\u89b3\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u70b9\u6570\u3069\u3046\u3057\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044<\/strong>\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3042\u304f\u307e\u3067\u3001\u300c\u88cf\u306b\u9023\u7d9a\u3057\u305f\u6f5c\u5728\u5909\u6570\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u304c2\u5909\u91cf\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u306b\u5f93\u3046\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4eee\u5b9a\u306e\u3082\u3068\u3067\u63a8\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u3001<strong>\u6f5c\u5728\u5909\u6570\u3069\u3046\u3057\u306e\u76f8\u95a2<\/strong>\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u203b\u30b3\u30e9\u30e0\uff1a\u30c6\u30c8\u30e9\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u30fb\u30dd\u30ea\u30b7\u30ea\u30a2\u30eb\u76f8\u95a2 \u2015 \u540c\u3058\u767a\u60f3\u306e\u89aa\u621a\u305f\u3061<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306b\u306f\u3001\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u308b\u5909\u6570\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u540d\u524d\u306e\u9055\u3046\u89aa\u621a\u304c\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>2\u3064\u306e\u5909\u6570\u306e\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b<\/th><th>\u540d\u524d<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u9806\u5e8f\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea \u00d7 \u9806\u5e8f\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea<\/td><td>\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\uff08polychoric\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2\u5024 \u00d7 2\u5024\uff08\u300c\u306f\u3044\uff0f\u3044\u3044\u3048\u300d\u540c\u58eb\uff09<\/td><td>\u30c6\u30c8\u30e9\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\uff08tetrachoric\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u9806\u5e8f\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea \u00d7 \u9023\u7d9a\u91cf<\/td><td>\u30dd\u30ea\u30b7\u30ea\u30a2\u30eb\u76f8\u95a2\uff08polyserial\uff09<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30c6\u30c8\u30e9\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306f\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306e\u7279\u5225\u306a\u5834\u5408\uff08\u6bb5\u968e\u304c2\u3064\u305a\u3064\uff09\u3067\u3001\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u306b\u306f\u3053\u3061\u3089\u304c\u5148\u306bPearson\uff081900\uff09\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u63d0\u6848\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u540d\u524d\u306e\u7531\u6765\u3082\u898b\u3066\u304a\u3053\u3046\u3002\u300c\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\uff08-choric\uff09\u300d\u306f\u3001\u30ae\u30ea\u30b7\u30e3\u8a9e\u3067\u300c\u5834\u6240\u30fb\u533a\u753b\u300d\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u8a00\u8449\uff08ch\u014dra\uff09\u306b\u7531\u6765\u3059\u308b\u3002\u30c6\u30c8\u30e9\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\uff08tetrachoric\uff09\u306e\u300c\u30c6\u30c8\u30e9\u300d\u306f\u300c4\u300d\u3067\u3001\u300c4\u3064\u306e\u533a\u753b\u3092\u3082\u3064\u8868\uff082\u00d72\u306e\u30af\u30ed\u30b9\u8868\uff09\u304b\u3089\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u76f8\u95a2\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\uff08polychoric\uff09\u306e\u300c\u30dd\u30ea\u300d\u306f\u300c\u591a\u304f\u306e\u300d\u3067\u3001\u300c\u591a\u304f\u306e\u533a\u753b\u3092\u3082\u3064\u8868\uff084\u00d74\u306a\u3069\u306e\u30af\u30ed\u30b9\u8868\uff09\u304b\u3089\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u76f8\u95a2\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u56f32\u306e\u683c\u5b50\u306e\u30de\u30b9\u76ee\u304c\u3001\u307e\u3055\u306b\u3053\u306e\u300c\u533a\u753b\u300d\u306b\u3042\u305f\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30dd\u30ea\u30b7\u30ea\u30a2\u30eb\uff08polyserial\uff09\u306e\u300c\u30b7\u30ea\u30a2\u30eb\u300d\u306f\u300c\u7cfb\u5217\uff08series\uff09\u300d\u306b\u7531\u6765\u3059\u308b\u3002\u9023\u7d9a\u91cf\u30682\u5024\u306e\u5909\u6570\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u3092\u300c\u30d0\u30a4\u30b7\u30ea\u30a2\u30eb\uff08biserial\uff09\u76f8\u95a2\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3073\u3001\u305d\u306e2\u5024\u306e\u5074\u3092\u591a\u6bb5\u968e\u306b\u5e83\u3052\u305f\u3082\u306e\u304c\u30dd\u30ea\u30b7\u30ea\u30a2\u30eb\u76f8\u95a2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3044\u305a\u308c\u3082\u300c\u89b3\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u306e\u88cf\u306b\u9023\u7d9a\u3057\u305f\u6f5c\u5728\u5909\u6570\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u306b\u5f93\u3046\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u540c\u3058\u767a\u60f3\u306b\u7acb\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u9806\u5e8f\u5909\u6570\u3068\u9023\u7d9a\u5909\u6570\u304c\u6df7\u5728\u3059\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3067\u306f\u3001R\u306e <code>polycor<\/code> \u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u306e <code>hetcor()<\/code> \u95a2\u6570\u3067\u3001\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u305f\u76f8\u95a2\u3092\u307e\u3068\u3081\u3066\u8a08\u7b97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u203b\u30b3\u30e9\u30e0\uff1a2\u6bb5\u968e\u63a8\u5b9a\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u6700\u5c24\u6cd5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306e\u63a8\u5b9a\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5927\u304d\u304f2\u3064\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff08Olsson, 1979\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u6700\u5c24\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a\u95be\u5024\u3068\u76f8\u95a2 $\\rho$ \u3092\u3001\u30af\u30ed\u30b9\u8868\u5168\u4f53\u304b\u3089\u540c\u6642\u306b\u63a8\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>2\u6bb5\u968e\u63a8\u5b9a<\/strong>\uff1a\u307e\u305a\u3001\u5404\u9805\u76ee\u306e\u56de\u7b54\u306e\u5272\u5408\u304b\u3089\u95be\u5024\u3092\u6c7a\u3081\u308b\uff081-2\u7bc0\u3067\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u305f\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\u3002\u6b21\u306b\u3001\u95be\u5024\u3092\u56fa\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u3046\u3048\u3067\u3001\u76f8\u95a2 $\\rho$ \u3060\u3051\u3092\u63a8\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2\u6bb5\u968e\u63a8\u5b9a\u306f\u8a08\u7b97\u304c\u901f\u304f\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u3082\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u6700\u5c24\u6cd5\u3068\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u5909\u308f\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5b9f\u52d9\u3067\u306f\u3053\u3061\u3089\u304c\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306b\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u4f7f\u3046 <code>psych::polychoric()<\/code> \u3082 <code>polycor::polychor()<\/code> \u3082\u3001\u65e2\u5b9a\u3067\u306f2\u6bb5\u968e\u63a8\u5b9a\u306e\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u3067\u8a08\u7b97\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"biost-2758383884\" class=\"biost- biost-entity-placement\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"\u5e83\u544a\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/kmhl\">\uff1e\uff1e\u3082\u3046\u7d71\u8a08\u3067\u60a9\u3080\u306e\u306f\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u306b\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b\uff1f\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/kmhl\"><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2794 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/bn_r_03.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"327\" \/><\/a>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 20px;\"><strong><span class=\"marker2\">\u21911\u4e07\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u533b\u7642\u5f93\u4e8b\u8005\u304c\u8cfc\u8aad\u4e2d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u306a\u305c\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u3067\u306f\u5c0f\u3055\u304f\u51fa\u308b\u306e\u304b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3-1. \u7c97\u3044\u76ee\u76db\u308a\u306f\u76f8\u95a2\u3092\u8584\u3081\u308b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9023\u7d9a\u91cf\u3092\u6bb5\u968e\u306b\u533a\u5207\u308b\u3068\u3001\u540c\u3058\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u3044\u308b\u4eba\u3069\u3046\u3057\u306e\u9055\u3044\u304c\u6d88\u3048\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3002\u6c34\u4f4d\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u3044\u3048\u3070\u3001\u300c\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb2\u300d\u306e\u4e2d\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u6c34\u4f4d\u3082\u4f4e\u3044\u6c34\u4f4d\u3082\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u300c2\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u640d\u5931\u306e\u305b\u3044\u3067\u3001\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u70b9\u6570\u3069\u3046\u3057\u306e\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u306f\u3001\u6f5c\u5728\u5909\u6570\u3069\u3046\u3057\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u3088\u308a\u5c0f\u3055\u304f\u51fa\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3092\u76f8\u95a2\u306e<strong>\u6e1b\u8870<\/strong>\uff08attenuation\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6e1b\u8870\u306e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u306b\u6b21\u306e2\u3064\u3067\u6c7a\u307e\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u6570<\/strong>\uff1a\u6bb5\u968e\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u307b\u3069\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u640d\u5931\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u3001\u76f8\u95a2\u306f\u5927\u304d\u304f\u8584\u307e\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u56de\u7b54\u306e\u504f\u308a<\/strong>\uff1a\u56de\u7b54\u304c\u4e00\u65b9\u306e\u7aef\u306b\u96c6\u4e2d\u3059\u308b\uff08\u5e8a\u52b9\u679c\u30fb\u5929\u4e95\u52b9\u679c\uff09\u307b\u3069\u3001\u76f8\u95a2\u306f\u5927\u304d\u304f\u8584\u307e\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u3069\u308c\u304f\u3089\u3044\u8584\u307e\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u3001\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u78ba\u304b\u3081\u305f\uff08\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306f6\u7ae0\u306eStep 7\uff09\u3002\u771f\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u30920.5\u306b\u56fa\u5b9a\u3057\u305f2\u5909\u91cf\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u304b\u3089500\u4eba\u5206\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u4f5c\u308a\u3001\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u6570\uff082\u30fb3\u30fb5\u30fb7\u6bb5\u968e\uff09\u3068\u56de\u7b54\u306e\u504f\u308a\uff08\u504f\u308a\u306a\u3057\uff0f\u504f\u308a\u3042\u308a\uff09\u3092\u5909\u3048\u3066\u6bb5\u968e\u306b\u533a\u5207\u3063\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u3046\u3048\u3067\u3001\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u3001\u30b9\u30d4\u30a2\u30de\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u3001\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3057\u3001200\u56de\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u305f\u5e73\u5747\u3092\u6bd4\u3079\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u56f33\uff1a\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u6570\u30fb\u56de\u7b54\u306e\u504f\u308a\u3068\u3001\u76f8\u95a2\u4fc2\u6570\u306e\u63a8\u5b9a\u5024\uff08\u771f\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u306f0.5\uff09\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u6570<\/th><th>\u504f\u308a<\/th><th>\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3<\/th><th>\u30b9\u30d4\u30a2\u30de\u30f3<\/th><th>\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>2<\/td><td>\u306a\u3057<\/td><td>0.327<\/td><td>0.327<\/td><td>0.491<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td>\u306a\u3057<\/td><td>0.406<\/td><td>0.405<\/td><td>0.496<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<\/td><td>\u306a\u3057<\/td><td>0.456<\/td><td>0.456<\/td><td>0.503<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<\/td><td>\u306a\u3057<\/td><td>0.468<\/td><td>0.467<\/td><td>0.502<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>\u3042\u308a<\/td><td>0.276<\/td><td>0.276<\/td><td>0.493<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td>\u3042\u308a<\/td><td>0.366<\/td><td>0.346<\/td><td>0.507<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<\/td><td>\u3042\u308a<\/td><td>0.409<\/td><td>0.394<\/td><td>0.496<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<\/td><td>\u3042\u308a<\/td><td>0.430<\/td><td>0.420<\/td><td>0.499<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306f\u3001\u3069\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u3082\u5e73\u5747\u3057\u3066\u771f\u306e\u50240.5\u306e\u8fd1\u304f\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u3068\u30b9\u30d4\u30a2\u30de\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u306f\u3001\u6bb5\u968e\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u307b\u3069\u3001\u307e\u305f\u56de\u7b54\u304c\u504f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u307b\u3069\u3001\u771f\u306e\u5024\u304b\u3089\u5927\u304d\u304f\u4e0b\u306b\u305a\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30022\u6bb5\u968e\u3067\u504f\u308a\u304c\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u306f0.276\u3067\u3001\u771f\u306e\u5024\u306e\u307b\u307c\u534a\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u6f5c\u5728\u5909\u6570\u304c\u672c\u5f53\u306b2\u5909\u91cf\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u306b\u5f93\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u4f5c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001<strong>\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306e\u524d\u63d0\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u6210\u308a\u7acb\u3064\u3001\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306b\u6709\u5229\u306a\u6761\u4ef6<\/strong>\u3067\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u70b9\u306b\u306f\u6ce8\u610f\u3057\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3002\u524d\u63d0\u304c\u5d29\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306e\u8a71\u306f\u30014\u7ae0\u3067\u6271\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3-2. \u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u6790\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76f8\u95a2\u304c\u8584\u307e\u308b\u3068\u3001\u305d\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u884c\u5217\u304b\u3089\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u6790\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u306b\u3082\u5f71\u97ff\u304c\u51fa\u308b\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u306a\u306e\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u56e0\u5b50\u8ca0\u8377\u91cf\u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u304f\u63a8\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b<\/strong>\uff08\u5192\u982d\u306e\u82e5\u624b\u533b\u5e2b\u306e\u60a9\u307f\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u56e0\u5b50\u6570\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u3084\u3001\u56e0\u5b50\u9593\u76f8\u95a2\u306e\u63a8\u5b9a\u304c\u305a\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u78ba\u8a8d\u7684\u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u6790\uff08CFA\uff09\u306e\u9069\u5408\u5ea6\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u304c\u5909\u308f\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Holgado-Tello \u3089\uff082010\uff09\u306f\u3001\u9806\u5e8f\u5909\u6570\u306e\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u30fb\u78ba\u8a8d\u7684\u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u6790\u3067\u3001\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u3088\u308a\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306e\u307b\u3046\u304c\u3001\u3082\u3068\u306e\u56e0\u5b50\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u3088\u308a\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u518d\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u81e8\u5e8a\u306e\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001Kiwanuka \u3089\uff082022\uff09\u306f\u3001\u770b\u8b77\u5e2b\u304b\u3089\u306e\u652f\u63f4\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5bb6\u65cf800\u4eba\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\uff08\u30ea\u30c3\u30ab\u30fc\u30c8\u5f62\u5f0f\uff09\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3057\u3001\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u304c\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u3088\u308a\u5e73\u5747\u3067\u7d0414\uff05\u5927\u304d\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3001\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306b\u3082\u3068\u3065\u304fCFA\u306f\u8907\u6570\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u3067\u9069\u5408\u3057\u305f\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u306b\u3082\u3068\u3065\u304fCFA\u306f\u9069\u5408\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5831\u544a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u9069\u5408\u5ea6\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u306f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7570\u306a\u308b\u30026\u7ae0\u306e\u7591\u4f3c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\uff08\u9023\u7d9a\u6271\u3044\uff09\u306b\u3082\u3068\u3065\u304fCFA\u3067\u3082\u9069\u5408\u5ea6\u306f\u826f\u597d\u3067\u3001\u9055\u3044\u304c\u51fa\u305f\u306e\u306f\u4e3b\u306b<strong>\u8ca0\u8377\u91cf\u306e\u5927\u304d\u3055<\/strong>\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u203b\u30b3\u30e9\u30e0\uff1a\u30b9\u30d4\u30a2\u30de\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u306a\u3089\u5927\u4e08\u592b\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\u9806\u5e8f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u306f\u30b9\u30d4\u30a2\u30de\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u300d\u3068\u7fd2\u3063\u305f\u4eba\u3082\u591a\u3044\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002\u30b9\u30d4\u30a2\u30de\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u9806\u4f4d\u306b\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3066\u304b\u3089\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5916\u308c\u5024\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u306b\u304f\u304f\u3001\u5358\u8abf\u306a\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u3068\u3089\u3048\u308b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5229\u70b9\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u30b9\u30d4\u30a2\u30de\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u306f<strong>\u89b3\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u9806\u4f4d\u3069\u3046\u3057\u306e\u76f8\u95a2<\/strong>\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3001\u6f5c\u5728\u5909\u6570\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u3092\u63a8\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u30020\u301c3\u70b9\u306e4\u6bb5\u968e\u3057\u304b\u306a\u3044\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3067\u306f\u3001\u540c\u3058\u9806\u4f4d\uff08\u540c\u9806\u4f4d\u3001\u30bf\u30a4\uff09\u306e\u4eba\u304c\u5927\u91cf\u306b\u51fa\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6bb5\u968e\u306b\u533a\u5207\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u640d\u5931\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u6b8b\u308b\u3002\u4e0a\u306e\u8868\u3067\u3082\u3001\u30b9\u30d4\u30a2\u30de\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u306f\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u3068\u307b\u307c\u540c\u3058\u304b\u3001\u3080\u3057\u308d\u5c11\u3057\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u5024\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\u9806\u5e8f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3060\u304b\u3089\u30b9\u30d4\u30a2\u30de\u30f3\u300d\u306f\u3001\u6e1b\u8870\u306e\u554f\u984c\u306e\u89e3\u6c7a\u306b\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u203b\u30b3\u30e9\u30e0\uff1a\u30ea\u30c3\u30ab\u30fc\u30c8\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3092\u300c\u9023\u7d9a\u91cf\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3084\u81e8\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u306f\u30015\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u30ea\u30c3\u30ab\u30fc\u30c8\u5c3a\u5ea6\u306e\u56de\u7b54\uff081\u301c5\u70b9\uff09\u3092\u3001\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u9023\u7d9a\u91cf\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u3063\u3066\u5e73\u5747\u3084\u76f8\u95a2\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3088\u304f\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5b9f\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u6163\u7fd2\u3068\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306f\u3001\u300c<strong>\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u88cf\u306b\u306f\u9023\u7d9a\u91cf\u304c\u3042\u308b<\/strong>\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u540c\u3058\u767a\u60f3\u306b\u7acb\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u305d\u3082\u305d\u3082\u3001\u30ea\u30c3\u30ab\u30fc\u30c8\u5c3a\u5ea6\u306e\u63a1\u70b9\u6cd5\u306e\u51fa\u767a\u70b9\u306b\u3082\u3001\u3053\u306e\u767a\u60f3\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5c0f\u6749\u8003\u53f8\u5148\u751f\u304c\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30ea\u30c3\u30ab\u30fc\u30c8\u5f0f\u306e\u63a1\u70b9\u306f\u3001\u300c\u614b\u5ea6\u306f\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u306b\u5f93\u3046\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4eee\u5b9a\u306b\u3082\u3068\u3065\u3044\u3066\u6bb5\u968e\u306b\u6570\u5024\u3092\u5272\u308a\u632f\u308b\u30b5\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30f3\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u3001\u7c21\u4fbf\u306b\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff08\u30ea\u30c3\u30ab\u30fc\u30c8\u81ea\u8eab\u306f\u3053\u308c\u3092\u300c\u30b7\u30b0\u30de\u6cd5\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3093\u3060\uff09\u3002\u305d\u306e\u3046\u3048\u3067\u30ea\u30c3\u30ab\u30fc\u30c8\u306f\u3001\u30b7\u30b0\u30de\u6cd5\u306e\u5f97\u70b9\u3068\u30011\u301c5\u70b9\u3092\u7b49\u9593\u9694\u306b\u5272\u308a\u632f\u308b\u3060\u3051\u306e\u7c21\u4fbf\u306a\u5f97\u70b9\u3068\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u304c\u7d040.99\u3068\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u9ad8\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u305f\uff08Likert, 1932\uff1bFerguson, 1941\uff09\u3002\u624b\u9593\u306e\u304b\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3044\u7c21\u4fbf\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u5e83\u307e\u3063\u305f\u306e\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u306f\u4f55\u304c\u9055\u3046\u306e\u304b\u3002\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u306f<strong>\u76ee\u76db\u308a\u306e\u9593\u9694\u306e\u6271\u3044<\/strong>\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1\u301c5\u70b9\u3092\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u9023\u7d9a\u91cf\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u3046<\/strong>\uff1a\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u9593\u9694\u304c\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u7b49\u3057\u3044\u3068\u4eee\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\u5b9a\u898f\u306e\u76ee\u76db\u308a\u304c\u7b49\u9593\u9694\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3068\u540c\u3058\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2<\/strong>\uff1a\u95be\u5024\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3092\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304b\u3089\u63a8\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u9593\u9694\u304c\u4e0d\u63c3\u3044\u3067\u3082\u304b\u307e\u308f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u6bb5\u968e\u306b\u533a\u5207\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308b\u76f8\u95a2\u306e\u8584\u307e\u308a\u3082\u88dc\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3067\u306f\u3001\u9023\u7d9a\u91cf\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u3063\u3066\u3088\u3044\u306e\u306f\u3069\u3093\u306a\u3068\u304d\u304b\u3002\u69cb\u9020\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u30e2\u30c7\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u7814\u7a76\uff08Rhemtulla et al., 2012\uff09\u3067\u306f\u3001<strong>5\u6bb5\u968e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3067\u56de\u7b54\u306e\u504f\u308a\u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u9023\u7d9a\u91cf\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u3063\u3066\u3082\u5927\u304d\u306a\u554f\u984c\u306f\u5c11\u306a\u304f<\/strong>\u30015\u6bb5\u968e\u672a\u6e80\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3084\u504f\u308a\u304c\u5f37\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30ab\u30eb\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306b\u3082\u3068\u3065\u304f\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\u304c\u52e7\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4e0a\u306e\u8868\u3067\u3082\u3001\u504f\u308a\u306e\u306a\u30445\u6bb5\u968e\u30847\u6bb5\u968e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u306e\u8584\u307e\u308a\u306f\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\uff080.456\u30010.468\uff09\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001Norman\uff082010\uff09\u306f\u3001\u30ea\u30c3\u30ab\u30fc\u30c8\u5c3a\u5ea6\u306e\u5f97\u70b9\u306b t\u691c\u5b9a\u306a\u3069\u306e\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u7d71\u8a08\u624b\u6cd5\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u7d50\u8ad6\u304c\u3086\u304c\u3080\u3053\u3068\u306f\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u3068\u8ad6\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5192\u982d\u306e\u8cea\u554f\u7968\u306f\u300c4\u6bb5\u968e\u30fb\u56de\u7b54\u304c0\u306b\u504f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3001\u307e\u3055\u306b<strong>\u9023\u7d9a\u91cf\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u3046\u306e\u304c\u82e6\u624b\u306a\u6761\u4ef6<\/strong>\u306b\u3042\u3066\u306f\u307e\u308b\u3002\u3060\u304b\u3089\u3053\u305d\u3001\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306e\u51fa\u756a\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306f\u4e07\u80fd\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff1a\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u7f60<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u3053\u307e\u3067\u8aad\u3080\u3068\u3001\u300c\u9806\u5e8f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3089\u3001\u3044\u3064\u3067\u3082\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u3092\u4f7f\u3048\u3070\u3088\u3044\u300d\u3068\u601d\u3046\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306f\u5f37\u3044\u4eee\u5b9a\u306e\u4e0a\u306b\u6210\u308a\u7acb\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u7f60\u3092\u62bc\u3055\u3048\u3066\u304a\u3053\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4-1. \u524d\u63d0\u2460\uff1a\u88cf\u306b\u9023\u7d9a\u3057\u305f\u6f5c\u5728\u5909\u6570\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306f\u3001\u300c\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u88cf\u306b\u9023\u7d9a\u91cf\u304c\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u5909\u6570\u306b\u306e\u307f\u4f7f\u3046\u3002\u75c7\u72b6\u306e\u5f37\u3055\u3001\u6e80\u8db3\u5ea6\u3001\u540c\u610f\u306e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306a\u3069\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u306b\u306a\u3058\u3080\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u6027\u5225\u3084\u8840\u6db2\u578b\u3001\u8a3a\u7642\u79d1\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001<strong>\u672c\u6765\u304c\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e<\/strong>\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5909\u6570\u306b\u4f7f\u3046\u306e\u306f\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u88cf\u306b\u9023\u7d9a\u91cf\u3092\u60f3\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u7406\u7531\u304c\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4-2. \u524d\u63d0\u2461\uff1a\u6f5c\u5728\u5909\u6570\u304c2\u5909\u91cf\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u306b\u5f93\u3046\u3053\u3068<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306f\u3001\u6f5c\u5728\u5909\u6570\u306e2\u5909\u91cf\u6b63\u898f\u6027\u3092\u4eee\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002Flora &amp; Curran\uff082004\uff09\u306e\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6f5c\u5728\u5909\u6570\u306e\u5206\u5e03\u304c\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u304b\u3089\u4e2d\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306b\u305a\u308c\u308b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306a\u3089\u3001\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306e\u63a8\u5b9a\u306f\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u9811\u5065\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u6975\u7aef\u306b\u6b6a\u3093\u3060\u5206\u5e03\u3067\u306f\u3001\u504f\u308a\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6f5c\u5728\u5909\u6570\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u306f\u89b3\u6e2c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001\u3053\u306e\u524d\u63d0\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u78ba\u304b\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001<code>polycor::polychor()<\/code> \u306f\u3001\u300c2\u5909\u91cf\u6b63\u898f\u6027\u306e\u4eee\u5b9a\u306e\u3082\u3068\u3067\u671f\u5f85\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30af\u30ed\u30b9\u8868\u3068\u3001\u89b3\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30af\u30ed\u30b9\u8868\u306e\u305a\u308c\u300d\u3092\u691c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u51fa\u529b\u3057\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\uff086\u7ae0\u306eStep 3\uff09\u3002\u3053\u306e\u691c\u5b9a\u3067\u6709\u610f\u306b\u306a\u3089\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3001\u524d\u63d0\u304c\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u3068\u8a3c\u660e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u70b9\u306b\u306f\u6ce8\u610f\u3057\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4-3. \u7f60\u2460\uff1a\u5ea6\u65700\u306e\u30de\u30b9\u76ee\uff08\u7a7a\u30bb\u30eb\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30af\u30ed\u30b9\u8868\u306e\u30de\u30b9\u76ee\u306b\u3001\u5ea6\u65700\u306e\u30bb\u30eb\uff08\u7a7a\u30bb\u30eb\uff09\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3001\u63a8\u5b9a\u304c\u4e0d\u5b89\u5b9a\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u56de\u7b54\u304c\u504f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u9805\u76ee\u3069\u3046\u3057\u3084\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306b\u3088\u304f\u8d77\u3053\u308b\uff08\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u300c\u3069\u3061\u3089\u306e\u9805\u76ee\u3067\u30823\u3068\u7b54\u3048\u305f\u4eba\u304c1\u4eba\u3082\u3044\u306a\u3044\u300d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>psych::polychoric()<\/code> \u306f\u3001\u65e2\u5b9a\u3067\u7a7a\u30bb\u30eb\u306b0.5\u3092\u8db3\u3059\u88dc\u6b63\uff08\u9023\u7d9a\u6027\u88dc\u6b63\uff09\u3092\u884c\u3044\u3001\u8b66\u544a\u3092\u51fa\u3059\u3002\u8b66\u544a\u304c\u51fa\u305f\u3089\u3001\u307e\u305a\u30af\u30ed\u30b9\u8868\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u5ea6\u6570\u304c\u6975\u7aef\u306b\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u6bb5\u968e\u3092\u96a3\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u7d71\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3088\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4-4. \u7f60\u2461\uff1a\u76f8\u95a2\u884c\u5217\u304c\u300c\u6b63\u5b9a\u5024\u300d\u3067\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306f\u3001\u9805\u76ee\u306e\u7d44\u3054\u3068\u306b\u5225\u3005\u306b\u63a8\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u307e\u3068\u3081\u305f\u76f8\u95a2\u884c\u5217\u304c\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u77db\u76fe\u3092\u542b\u3080\uff08\u6b63\u5b9a\u5024\u3067\u306a\u3044\uff09\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u3046\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3001\u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u6790\u306a\u3069\u304c\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u3067\u306f\u8a08\u7b97\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002<code>psych::polychoric()<\/code> \u306f\u3001\u65e2\u5b9a\u3067\u3053\u306e\u77db\u76fe\u3092\u6700\u5c0f\u9650\u306b\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u51e6\u7406\uff08\u30b9\u30e0\u30fc\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0\uff09\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3002\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30b9\u30e0\u30fc\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u3092\u5831\u544a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3088\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u203b\u30b3\u30e9\u30e0\uff1a\u300c\u6b63\u5b9a\u5024\u300d\u3068\u306f\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76f8\u95a2\u884c\u5217\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u3079\u304d\u300c\u3064\u3058\u3064\u307e\u300d\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u30013\u3064\u306e\u9805\u76eeA\u30fbB\u30fbC\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u300cA\u3068B\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u304c0.9\u300d\u300cB\u3068C\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u304c0.9\u300d\u306a\u306e\u306b\u300cA\u3068C\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u304c\u22120.9\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u306f\u3042\u308a\u3048\u306a\u3044\u3002A\u3068B\u304c\u307b\u307c\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306b\u52d5\u304d\u3001B\u3068C\u3082\u307b\u307c\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306b\u52d5\u304f\u306a\u3089\u3001A\u3068C\u3082\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306b\u52d5\u304f\u306f\u305a\u3060\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u3064\u3058\u3064\u307e\u304c\u5408\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u3067<strong>\u6b63\u5b9a\u5024<\/strong>\uff08positive definite\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3002\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u306f\u3001\u300c\u9805\u76ee\u3092\u3069\u3093\u306a\u91cd\u307f\u3067\u8db3\u3057\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u3082\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5408\u8a08\u306e\u5206\u6563\u304c\u5fc5\u305a\u6b63\u306b\u306a\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6027\u8cea\u3067\u3001\u76f8\u95a2\u884c\u5217\u306e\u56fa\u6709\u5024\u304c\u3059\u3079\u3066\u6b63\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3068\u540c\u3058\u610f\u5473\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4e0a\u306e\u4f8b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u3064\u3058\u3064\u307e\u306e\u5408\u308f\u306a\u3044\u76f8\u95a2\u884c\u5217\u304b\u3089\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u300c\u5206\u6563\u304c\u8ca0\u306b\u306a\u308b\u5408\u8a08\u70b9\u300d\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304b\u3089\u3075\u3064\u3046\u306b\u8a08\u7b97\u3057\u305f\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u884c\u5217\u306f\u3001\u5168\u54e1\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u4e00\u5ea6\u306b\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u8a08\u7b97\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\uff08\u6b20\u6e2c\u5024\u3092\u30da\u30a2\u3054\u3068\u306b\u51e6\u7406\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3084\u3001\u4eba\u6570\u304c\u9805\u76ee\u6570\u3088\u308a\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306a\u3069\u3092\u9664\u3051\u3070\uff09\u3064\u3058\u3064\u307e\u304c\u5d29\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306f\u9805\u76ee\u306e\u7d44\u3054\u3068\u306b\u5225\u3005\u306b\u63a8\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u30011\u30641\u3064\u306f\u59a5\u5f53\u306a\u5024\u3067\u3082\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u3064\u3058\u3064\u307e\u304c\u5c11\u3057\u5d29\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5730\u56f3\u3092\u533a\u753b\u3054\u3068\u306b\u5225\u3005\u306b\u6e2c\u91cf\u3057\u3066\u3064\u306a\u304e\u5408\u308f\u305b\u308b\u3068\u3001\u7d99\u304e\u76ee\u304c\u308f\u305a\u304b\u306b\u305a\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3068\u4f3c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30b9\u30e0\u30fc\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u7d99\u304e\u76ee\u306e\u305a\u308c\u3092\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6700\u5c0f\u9650\u306e\u4fee\u6b63\u3067\u306a\u3089\u3059\u4f5c\u696d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4-5. \u7f60\u2462\uff1a\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u3068\u63a8\u5b9a\u8aa4\u5dee\u304c\u5927\u304d\u3044<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306f\u3001\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u3088\u308a\u63a8\u5b9a\u306e\u3070\u3089\u3064\u304d\uff08\u6a19\u6e96\u8aa4\u5dee\uff09\u304c\u5927\u304d\u3044\u3002\u6bb5\u968e\u304c\u7d30\u304b\u304f\u3001\u56de\u7b54\u304c\u504f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u307b\u3069\u3001\u5404\u30de\u30b9\u76ee\u306e\u5ea6\u6570\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308a\u3001\u63a8\u5b9a\u306f\u4e0d\u5b89\u5b9a\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u300c\u4f55\u4eba\u3044\u308c\u3070\u5341\u5206\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e00\u5f8b\u306e\u76ee\u5b89\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u3067\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5024\u306f\u3001\u6a19\u6e96\u8aa4\u5dee\u3068\u3042\u308f\u305b\u3066\u89e3\u91c8\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4-6. \u7f60\u2463\uff1a\u89b3\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u70b9\u6570\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u3068\u306f\u5225\u7269<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306f\u300c\u6f5c\u5728\u5909\u6570\u3069\u3046\u3057\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u300d\u306e\u63a8\u5b9a\u5024\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u300c\u89b3\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u70b9\u6570\u3069\u3046\u3057\u304c\u3001\u3069\u306e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e00\u7dd2\u306b\u52d5\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u305f\u3044\u5834\u5408\uff08\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u8a18\u8ff0\u7d71\u8a08\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9805\u76ee\u9593\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u3092\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3044\u5834\u5408\uff09\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u3084\u30b9\u30d4\u30a2\u30de\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u306e\u307b\u3046\u304c\u76ee\u7684\u306b\u5408\u3046\u3002\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304c\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u304b\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001<strong>\u4f55\u3092\u77e5\u308a\u305f\u3044\u304b<\/strong>\u3067\u4f7f\u3044\u5206\u3051\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u203b\u30b3\u30e9\u30e0\uff1a\u9806\u5e8f\u03b1\uff08ordinal alpha\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u884c\u5217\u304b\u3089\u03b1\u4fc2\u6570\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3092\u3001<strong>\u9806\u5e8f\u03b1<\/strong>\uff08ordinal alpha\uff09\u3068\u547c\u3076\uff08Zumbo et al., 2007\uff09\u3002\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u70b9\u6570\u304b\u3089\u8a08\u7b97\u3057\u305f\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u03b1\u4fc2\u6570\u3088\u308a\u3001\u5927\u304d\u306a\u5024\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u9806\u5e8f\u03b1\u306f\u300c\u6f5c\u5728\u5909\u6570\uff08\u9023\u7d9a\u91cf\uff09\u3092\u5408\u8a08\u3057\u305f\u3068\u4eee\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306e\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u300d\u3092\u8868\u3059\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3001<strong>\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u89b3\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5408\u8a08\u70b9\u306e\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044<\/strong>\uff08Chalmers, 2018\uff09\u3002\u81e8\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u5408\u8a08\u70b9\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u306a\u3089\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5408\u8a08\u70b9\u306e\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u03b1\u4fc2\u6570\u306a\u3069\u3067\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u7b4b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u9806\u5e8f\u03b1\u306e\u5024\u304c\u5927\u304d\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3068\u3044\u3063\u3066\u3001\u5408\u8a08\u70b9\u306e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u70b9\u306b\u6ce8\u610f\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3002\u306a\u304a\u3001\u9806\u5e8f\u03b1\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306e\u9593\u3067\u3082\u8b70\u8ad6\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff08Zumbo &amp; Kroc, 2019\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u6b63\u653b\u6cd5\uff1a\u9806\u5e8f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u306e\u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u6790\u306e\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a\u6d41\u308c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5-1. \u5206\u6790\u306e\u6d41\u308c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4\u6bb5\u968e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u30ea\u30c3\u30ab\u30fc\u30c8\u5f62\u5f0f\u306e\u8cea\u554f\u7968\u3067\u56e0\u5b50\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a\u6d41\u308c\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\uff08Flora &amp; Curran, 2004\uff1bHolgado-Tello et al., 2010\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u56de\u7b54\u5206\u5e03\u3068\u30af\u30ed\u30b9\u8868\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d<\/strong>\uff1a\u5404\u9805\u76ee\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u3054\u3068\u306e\u5272\u5408\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u504f\u308a\u3084\u3001\u7a7a\u30bb\u30eb\u306b\u306a\u308a\u305d\u3046\u306a\u6bb5\u968e\u304c\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u898b\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u884c\u5217\u306e\u8a08\u7b97<\/strong>\uff1a\u7a7a\u30bb\u30eb\u306e\u88dc\u6b63\u3084\u30b9\u30e0\u30fc\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u305f\u304b\u3082\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u56e0\u5b50\u6570\u306e\u76ee\u5b89\u3092\u5f97\u308b<\/strong>\uff1a\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u884c\u5217\u306b\u3082\u3068\u3065\u304f\u5e73\u884c\u5206\u6790\u306a\u3069\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u6790\uff08EFA\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u884c\u5217\u306b\u3082\u3068\u3065\u3044\u3066\u56e0\u5b50\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u5fc5\u8981\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u659c\u4ea4\u56de\u8ee2\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u78ba\u8a8d\u7684\u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u6790\uff08CFA\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u9805\u76ee\u3092\u9806\u5e8f\u5909\u6570\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306b\u3082\u3068\u3065\u304f\u63a8\u5b9a\u6cd5\uff08WLSMV\u63a8\u5b9a\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3067\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u5f53\u3066\u306f\u3081\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5\u306e<strong>WLSMV<\/strong>\uff08\u5e73\u5747\u30fb\u5206\u6563\u8abf\u6574\u91cd\u307f\u4ed8\u304d\u6700\u5c0f\u4e8c\u4e57\u6cd5\uff09\u306f\u3001\u9806\u5e8f\u5909\u6570\u306eCFA\u3067\u5e83\u304f\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u63a8\u5b9a\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u300c\u307e\u305a\u95be\u5024\u3068\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u3092\u63a8\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u6b21\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u884c\u5217\u3092\u6700\u3082\u3088\u304f\u518d\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u56e0\u5b50\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u63a2\u3059\u300d\u3068\u3044\u30462\u6bb5\u69cb\u3048\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002Flora &amp; Curran\uff082004\uff09\u306e\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u3082\u3001\u9806\u5e8f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306eCFA\u3067\u826f\u597d\u306a\u6027\u80fd\u304c\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u306a\u304a\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u306f\u3001EFA\u3068CFA\u306f<strong>\u5225\u306e\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb<\/strong>\uff08\u307e\u305f\u306f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u7121\u4f5c\u70ba\u306b2\u5206\u5272\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\uff09\u3067\u884c\u3046\u306e\u304c\u671b\u307e\u3057\u3044\u3002\u540c\u3058\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3067EFA\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u63a2\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307eCFA\u3067\u300c\u78ba\u8a8d\u300d\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u3067\u4f5c\u3063\u305f\u554f\u984c\u3092\u81ea\u5206\u3067\u89e3\u3044\u3066\u300c\u6b63\u89e3\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3068\u8a00\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3001\u78ba\u8a8d\u306e\u610f\u5473\u304c\u5f31\u304f\u306a\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30026\u7ae0\u3067\u306f\u624b\u9806\u3092\u4f53\u9a13\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u540c\u3058\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u203b\u30b3\u30e9\u30e0\uff1aIRT\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u53cd\u5fdc\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/entry\/item-response-theory-basics\/\">\u524d\u56de\u306eIRT\u8a18\u4e8b<\/a>\u3067\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u305f\u6bb5\u968e\u53cd\u5fdc\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\uff08GRM\uff09\u306f\u3001\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u3042\u308b\u9805\u76ee\u3092\u3001\u9805\u76ee\u3054\u3068\u306e\u300c\u56de\u7b54\u78ba\u7387\u306e\u66f2\u7dda\u300d\u3067\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u5316\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306b\u3082\u3068\u3065\u304f\u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u6790\u306f\u3001\u9805\u76ee\u9593\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u5316\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u898b\u307e\u3063\u305f\u304f\u5225\u306e\u624b\u6cd5\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u304c\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u306f\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u3068\u3066\u3082\u8fd1\u3044\u3002\u66f2\u7dda\u306b\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u306e\u5f62\uff08\u6b63\u898f\u7d2f\u7a4d\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\uff09\u3092\u4f7f\u3046GRM\u3068\u3001\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306b\u3082\u3068\u3065\u304f\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30ab\u30eb\u306a\u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u6790\u306f\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u5909\u63db\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u4e92\u3044\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08Takane &amp; de Leeuw, 1987\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u5b50\u8ca0\u8377\u91cf\u306fIRT\u306e\u8b58\u5225\u529b\u306b\u3001\u95be\u5024\u306fIRT\u306e\u56f0\u96e3\u5ea6\u306b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u540c\u3058\u5c71\u3092\u3001\u5317\u5074\u306e\u767b\u5c71\u9053\uff08\u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u6790\uff09\u304b\u3089\u767b\u308b\u304b\u3001\u5357\u5074\u306e\u767b\u5c71\u9053\uff08IRT\uff09\u304b\u3089\u767b\u308b\u304b\u306e\u9055\u3044\u3001\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3088\u3044\u3002R\u306e <code>psych<\/code> \u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306b\u3082\u3068\u3065\u304f\u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u6790\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3092IRT\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3057\u3066\u8868\u793a\u3059\u308b <code>irt.fa()<\/code> \u3068\u3044\u3046\u95a2\u6570\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. R\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5b9f\u88c5\uff08psych \/ polycor \/ lavaan\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u3053\u304b\u3089\u306f\u3001R\u3067\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3057\u3001\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u3068\u306e\u9055\u3044\u3092\u78ba\u304b\u3081\u308b\u3002\u7591\u4f3c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306f\u300c\u771f\u306e\u7b54\u3048\u300d\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u4f5c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304c\u771f\u306e\u5024\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u304b\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u6bd4\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u51fa\u529b\u306f\u3001R 4.6.1\u3001psych 2.6.9\u3001polycor 0.8.2\u3001lavaan 0.7.3 \u3067\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 0\uff1a\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u6e96\u5099\u3068\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u56f3\uff08\u56f31\u30fb\u56f32\uff09\u306e\u63cf\u753b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># install.packages(c(\"psych\", \"polycor\", \"lavaan\", \"GPArotation\"))  # \u521d\u56de\u306e\u307f\nlibrary(psych)    # polychoric(), fa.parallel(), fa()\nlibrary(polycor)  # polychor()\uff1a1\u7d44\u306e\u9805\u76ee\u306e\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u3068\u6a19\u6e96\u8aa4\u5dee\nlibrary(lavaan)   # cfa()\uff1a\u78ba\u8a8d\u7684\u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u6790\n# GPArotation \u306f fa() \u306e\u659c\u4ea4\u56de\u8ee2\uff08oblimin\uff09\u3067\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u308b\uff08library() \u3067\u306e\u8aad\u307f\u8fbc\u307f\u306f\u4e0d\u8981\uff09\n# MASS \u306f R \u306b\u6a19\u6e96\u3067\u4ed8\u5c5e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\n\n# --- \u56f31\uff1a\u6f5c\u5728\u5909\u6570\u3092\u95be\u5024\u3067\u533a\u5207\u308b ---\ntau &lt;- c(0.25, 1.00, 1.60)  # \u95be\u5024\uff08\u91cd\u75c7\u5074\u306b\u5bc4\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff1d\u300c0\u300d\u304c\u591a\u304f\u306a\u308b\uff09\nxx  &lt;- seq(-3.5, 3.5, length.out = 400)\ncols &lt;- c(\"#cfe3f3\", \"#9ec5e6\", \"#5e9fd1\", \"#2b6ca8\")\nbr &lt;- c(-Inf, tau, Inf)\n\npar(mfrow = c(1, 2))\nplot(xx, dnorm(xx), type = \"l\", lwd = 2, ylim = c(0, 0.46),\n     xlab = \"Latent symptom severity (X*)\", ylab = \"Density\",\n     main = \"Latent continuous variable\")\nfor (k in 1:4) {\n  s &lt;- xx &gt; br&#91;k] &amp; xx &lt;= br&#91;k + 1]\n  polygon(c(xx&#91;s]&#91;1], xx&#91;s], tail(xx&#91;s], 1)), c(0, dnorm(xx&#91;s]), 0),\n          col = cols&#91;k], border = NA)\n}\nlines(xx, dnorm(xx), lwd = 2)\nabline(v = tau, lty = 2)\ntext(tau, 0.44, labels = expression(tau&#91;1], tau&#91;2], tau&#91;3]), pos = 4)\ntext(c(-1.3, 0.62, 1.3, 2.3), 0.05, labels = 0:3, font = 2)\nbarplot(diff(pnorm(br)), names.arg = 0:3, col = cols, ylim = c(0, 0.7),\n        xlab = \"Observed response\", ylab = \"Proportion\",\n        main = \"Observed ordinal response\")\npar(mfrow = c(1, 1))\n\n# --- \u56f32\uff1a2\u5909\u91cf\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u3092\u95be\u5024\u306e\u683c\u5b50\u3067\u533a\u5207\u308b ---\ng   &lt;- seq(-3, 3, length.out = 200)\nrho &lt;- 0.5\ndens &lt;- outer(g, g, function(x, y)\n  exp(-(x^2 - 2 * rho * x * y + y^2) \/ (2 * (1 - rho^2))) \/ (2 * pi * sqrt(1 - rho^2)))\ncontour(g, g, dens, drawlabels = FALSE, nlevels = 8, col = \"#2b6ca8\", lwd = 1.5,\n        xlab = \"Latent variable of item A (X*)\", ylab = \"Latent variable of item B (Y*)\",\n        main = expression(paste(\"Bivariate normal (\", rho, \" = 0.5) cut by thresholds\")))\nabline(v = tau, h = tau, lty = 2, col = \"grey30\")\nmid &lt;- c(-1.4, 0.62, 1.3, 2.3)\nfor (i in 1:4) for (j in 1:4) {\n  rect(mid&#91;i] - 0.25, mid&#91;j] - 0.11, mid&#91;i] + 0.25, mid&#91;j] + 0.11, col = \"white\", border = NA)\n  text(mid&#91;i], mid&#91;j], paste0(\"(\", i - 1, \",\", j - 1, \")\"), cex = 0.7, col = \"grey20\")\n}\nabline(v = tau, h = tau, lty = 2, col = \"grey30\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56f32\u306e\u30de\u30b9\u76ee\u306e (i, j) \u306f\u3001\u300c\u9805\u76eeA\u3067 i\u3001\u9805\u76eeB\u3067 j \u3068\u7b54\u3048\u308b\u300d\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3092\u8868\u3059\u3002\u6955\u5186\u306e\u5c71\u306e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u304c\u5de6\u4e0b\u306e\u30de\u30b9\u76ee (0, 0) \u306b\u5165\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001\u300c\u3069\u3061\u3089\u306e\u9805\u76ee\u3067\u30820\u3068\u7b54\u3048\u308b\u4eba\u300d\u304c\u6700\u3082\u591a\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 1\uff1a\u7591\u4f3c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u751f\u6210<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\u6c17\u5206\u306e\u75c7\u72b6\uff08Mood\uff09\u300d\u3068\u300c\u8eab\u4f53\u306e\u75c7\u72b6\uff08Somatic\uff09\u300d\u306e2\u3064\u306e\u6f5c\u5728\u56e0\u5b50\uff08\u56e0\u5b50\u9593\u76f8\u95a20.5\uff09\u304b\u3089\u30018\u9805\u76ee\u306e\u6f5c\u5728\u5f97\u70b9\uff08\u9023\u7d9a\u91cf\uff09\u3092\u4f5c\u308b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3092\u56f31\u3068\u540c\u3058\u95be\u5024\u3067\u533a\u5207\u3063\u3066\u30010\u301c3\u70b9\u306e\u56de\u7b54\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>set.seed(2026)\nN &lt;- 500\n\n# \u771f\u306e\u56e0\u5b50\u69cb\u9020\nPhi &lt;- matrix(c(1, 0.5, 0.5, 1), 2)       # \u56e0\u5b50\u9593\u76f8\u95a2 0.5\nL &lt;- matrix(0, 8, 2)\nL&#91;1:4, 1] &lt;- c(0.80, 0.75, 0.70, 0.65)    # Q1\u301cQ4\uff1a\u6c17\u5206\u306e\u75c7\u72b6\uff08Mood\uff09\nL&#91;5:8, 2] &lt;- c(0.80, 0.70, 0.65, 0.60)    # Q5\u301cQ8\uff1a\u8eab\u4f53\u306e\u75c7\u72b6\uff08Somatic\uff09\n\n# \u6f5c\u5728\u5f97\u70b9\uff08\u9023\u7d9a\u91cf\uff09\u3092\u4f5c\u308b\uff1a\u56e0\u5b50 \u00d7 \u8ca0\u8377\u91cf \uff0b \u72ec\u81ea\u306e\u8aa4\u5dee\nF &lt;- MASS::mvrnorm(N, mu = c(0, 0), Sigma = Phi)\nE &lt;- matrix(rnorm(N * 8), N, 8) %*% diag(sqrt(1 - rowSums((L %*% Phi) * L)))\nYstar &lt;- F %*% t(L) + E\n\n# \u95be\u5024\u3067\u533a\u5207\u3063\u3066 0\u301c3 \u70b9\u306e\u56de\u7b54\u306b\u3059\u308b\uff08\u5f0f\u2460\uff09\ntau &lt;- c(0.25, 1.00, 1.60)\ndat &lt;- as.data.frame(apply(Ystar, 2, function(y) findInterval(y, tau)))\nnames(dat) &lt;- paste0(\"Q\", 1:8)\n\n# \u6f5c\u5728\u5f97\u70b9\u3069\u3046\u3057\u306e\u300c\u771f\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u884c\u5217\u300d\ntrue_R &lt;- L %*% Phi %*% t(L)\ndiag(true_R) &lt;- 1\n\n# \u5404\u9805\u76ee\u306e\u56de\u7b54\u306e\u5272\u5408\nround(sapply(dat, function(x) prop.table(table(factor(x, 0:3)))), 2)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code> <code>   Q1   Q2   Q3   Q4   Q5   Q6   Q7   Q8\n0 0.60 0.57 0.57 0.59 0.61 0.57 0.58 0.62\n1 0.23 0.28 0.25 0.25 0.23 0.25 0.25 0.23\n2 0.10 0.09 0.12 0.10 0.11 0.13 0.13 0.08\n3 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.06<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3069\u306e\u9805\u76ee\u3067\u30826\u5272\u524d\u5f8c\u304c\u300c0\u300d\u3068\u7b54\u3048\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5192\u982d\u306e\u82e5\u624b\u533b\u5e2b\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u56de\u7b54\u304c\u300c0\u300d\u306b\u504f\u3063\u305f\u72b6\u6cc1\u304c\u518d\u73fe\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u771f\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u884c\u5217 <code>true_R<\/code> \u306f\u3001\u6f5c\u5728\u5f97\u70b9\u3069\u3046\u3057\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u5024\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001Q1\u3068Q2\u306e\u771f\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u306f 0.80 \u00d7 0.75 \uff1d 0.60\u3001Q1\u3068Q5\uff08\u56e0\u5b50\u304c\u9055\u3046\u9805\u76ee\uff09\u306e\u771f\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u306f 0.80 \u00d7 0.5 \u00d7 0.80 \uff1d 0.32 \u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>> print(true_R)\n     &#91;,1]    &#91;,2]   &#91;,3]    &#91;,4] &#91;,5]   &#91;,6]    &#91;,7]  &#91;,8]\n&#91;1,] 1.00 0.60000 0.5600 0.52000 0.32 0.2800 0.26000 0.240\n&#91;2,] 0.60 1.00000 0.5250 0.48750 0.30 0.2625 0.24375 0.225\n&#91;3,] 0.56 0.52500 1.0000 0.45500 0.28 0.2450 0.22750 0.210\n&#91;4,] 0.52 0.48750 0.4550 1.00000 0.26 0.2275 0.21125 0.195\n&#91;5,] 0.32 0.30000 0.2800 0.26000 1.00 0.5600 0.52000 0.480\n&#91;6,] 0.28 0.26250 0.2450 0.22750 0.56 1.0000 0.45500 0.420\n&#91;7,] 0.26 0.24375 0.2275 0.21125 0.52 0.4550 1.00000 0.390\n&#91;8,] 0.24 0.22500 0.2100 0.19500 0.48 0.4200 0.39000 1.000<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 2\uff1a\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u3068\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u3092\u6bd4\u3079\u308b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>r_pear &lt;- cor(dat)            # \u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\uff080\u301c3\u70b9\u3092\u9023\u7d9a\u91cf\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u3046\uff09\npc     &lt;- polychoric(dat)     # \u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\nr_poly &lt;- pc$rho              # \u76f8\u95a2\u884c\u5217\npc$tau                        # \u63a8\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u95be\u5024\n\n# \u5bfe\u89d2\u3092\u9664\u3044\u305f\u76f8\u95a2\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u3092\u3001\u771f\u306e\u5024\u3068\u6bd4\u3079\u308b\nlow &lt;- lower.tri(true_R)\nround(c(true       = mean(true_R&#91;low]),\n        pearson    = mean(r_pear&#91;low]),\n        polychoric = mean(r_poly&#91;low])), 3)\n\n# \u771f\u306e\u5024\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u6bd4\u306e\u5e73\u5747\nround(c(pearson    = mean(r_pear&#91;low] \/ true_R&#91;low]),\n        polychoric = mean(r_poly&#91;low] \/ true_R&#91;low])), 3)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code> <code>     true    pearson polychoric \n     0.356      0.272      0.346 \n\n   pearson polychoric \n     0.731      0.944<\/code> <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9805\u76ee\u9593\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\uff0828\u7d44\uff09\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u306f\u3001\u771f\u306e\u5024\u304c0.356\u3060\u3063\u305f\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u306f0.272\u3001\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306f0.346\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002\u771f\u306e\u5024\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u6bd4\u3067\u898b\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u306f\u5e73\u5747\u3057\u3066\u771f\u306e\u5024\u306e\u7d0473\uff05\u306b\u3068\u3069\u307e\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u30013\u7ae0\u3067\u898b\u305f\u300c\u6e1b\u8870\u300d\u304c\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3082\u8d77\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306f\u7d0494\uff05\u3067\u3001\u771f\u306e\u5024\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u63a8\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u95be\u5024\uff08<code>pc$tau<\/code>\uff09\u306f\u3001\u9805\u76ee\u3054\u3068\u306b 0.17\u301c0.31\u30010.92\u301c1.06\u30011.48\u301c1.73 \u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u3067\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u4f5c\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306b\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u771f\u306e\u95be\u5024\uff080.25\u30011.00\u30011.60\uff09\u306e\u8fd1\u304f\u306b\u623b\u3063\u3066\u304d\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 3\uff1a1\u7d44\u306e\u9805\u76ee\u3067\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u898b\u308b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q1\u3068Q2\u306e\u7d44\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30af\u30ed\u30b9\u8868\u3068\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u3092\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u898b\u3066\u307f\u3088\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \u30af\u30ed\u30b9\u8868\ntable(Q1 = dat$Q1, Q2 = dat$Q2)\n\n# \u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\uff082\u6bb5\u968e\u63a8\u5b9a\uff09\u3068\u6a19\u6e96\u8aa4\u5dee\npolychor(dat$Q1, dat$Q2, std.err = TRUE)\n\n# \u53c2\u8003\uff1a\u771f\u306e\u5024\u3001\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u3001\u30b9\u30d4\u30a2\u30de\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\ntrue_R&#91;1, 2]\ncor(dat$Q1, dat$Q2)\ncor(dat$Q1, dat$Q2, method = \"spearman\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code> <code>  Q2\nQ1    0   1   2   3\n  0 225  68   6   3\n  1  46  42  19   6\n  2   9  20  15   6\n  3   4  11   7  13\n\nPolychoric Correlation, 2-step est. = 0.6629 (0.03425)\nTest of bivariate normality: Chisquare = 6.895, df = 8, p = 0.548<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30af\u30ed\u30b9\u8868\u3092\u898b\u308b\u3068\u3001500\u4eba\u4e2d225\u4eba\u304c\u300c\u3069\u3061\u3089\u30820\u300d\u306b\u96c6\u4e2d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u56f32\u306e\u6955\u5186\u306e\u5c71\u306e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u304c\u5de6\u4e0b\u306e\u30de\u30b9\u76ee\u306b\u5165\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u306e\u3068\u3001\u540c\u3058\u59ff\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u7d44\u3067\u306f\u3001\u771f\u306e\u76f8\u95a20.60\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u306f0.557\u3001\u30b9\u30d4\u30a2\u30de\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u306f0.525\u3001\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306f0.663\uff08\u6a19\u6e96\u8aa4\u5dee0.034\uff09\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u7d44\u3067\u306f\u3080\u3057\u308d\u771f\u306e\u5024\u3088\u308a\u5927\u304d\u304f\u51fa\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u63a8\u5b9a\u306e\u3070\u3089\u3064\u304d\uff08\u6a19\u6e96\u8aa4\u5dee\uff09\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u3067\u8d77\u3053\u308a\u3046\u308b\u305a\u308c\u3067\u3001\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u304c\u300c1\u7d44\u3054\u3068\u306b\u5fc5\u305a\u771f\u306e\u5024\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u300d\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002Step 2\u3067\u898b\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u3057\u3066\u771f\u306e\u5024\u306b\u8fd1\u3065\u304f\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6027\u8cea\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51fa\u529b\u306e2\u884c\u76ee\uff08Test of bivariate normality\uff09\u306f\u30014-2\u7bc0\u3067\u89e6\u308c\u305f2\u5909\u91cf\u6b63\u898f\u6027\u306e\u691c\u5b9a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7d44\u3067\u306f P = 0.548 \u3067\u30012\u5909\u91cf\u6b63\u898f\u6027\u306e\u4eee\u5b9a\u3068\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u77db\u76fe\u3059\u308b\u8a3c\u62e0\u306f\u898b\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u300c\u4eee\u5b9a\u304c\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u3068\u8a3c\u660e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 4\uff1a\u5e73\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3067\u56e0\u5b50\u6570\u306e\u76ee\u5b89\u3092\u5f97\u308b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u306b\u3082\u3068\u3065\u304f\u5e73\u884c\u5206\u6790\nfa.parallel(dat, cor = \"cor\", fa = \"fa\", main = \"Parallel analysis (Pearson)\")\n\n# \u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306b\u3082\u3068\u3065\u304f\u5e73\u884c\u5206\u6790\nfa.parallel(dat, cor = \"poly\", fa = \"fa\", main = \"Parallel analysis (Polychoric)\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Parallel analysis suggests that the number of factors =  2  and the number of components =  NA\nParallel analysis suggests that the number of factors =  2  and the number of components =  NA<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u7591\u4f3c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3069\u3061\u3089\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u884c\u5217\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u5e73\u884c\u5206\u6790\u306f\u771f\u306e\u56e0\u5b50\u6570\u3068\u540c\u3058\u300c2\u56e0\u5b50\u300d\u3092\u793a\u3057\u305f\u30022\u3064\u306e\u56e0\u5b50\u304c\u306f\u3063\u304d\u308a\u5206\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u4f5c\u3063\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u56e0\u5b50\u6570\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u306b\u307e\u3067\u306f\u6e1b\u8870\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u304c\u51fa\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u5b9f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3067\u306f\u3001\u56e0\u5b50\u3069\u3046\u3057\u306e\u533a\u5225\u304c\u3082\u3063\u3068\u5fae\u5999\u306a\u3053\u3068\u3082\u591a\u304f\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u98df\u3044\u9055\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"632\" height=\"481\" src=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/image-8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5069\" srcset=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/image-8.png 632w, https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/image-8-300x228.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 632px) 100vw, 632px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"632\" height=\"481\" src=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/image-9.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5070\" srcset=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/image-9.png 632w, https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/image-9-300x228.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 632px) 100vw, 632px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 5\uff1a\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u6790\uff08EFA\uff09\u3092\u6bd4\u3079\u308b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>efa_p &lt;- fa(dat, nfactors = 2, cor = \"cor\",  rotate = \"oblimin\", fm = \"minres\")  # \u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\nefa_c &lt;- fa(dat, nfactors = 2, cor = \"poly\", rotate = \"oblimin\", fm = \"minres\")  # \u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\n\nprint(efa_c$loadings, cutoff = 0)   # \u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u8ca0\u8377\u91cf\nround(efa_c$Phi, 2)                 # \u56e0\u5b50\u9593\u76f8\u95a2\n\n# \u5404\u9805\u76ee\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u8ca0\u8377\u91cf\u3092\u3001\u771f\u306e\u5024\u3068\u4e26\u3079\u308b\nmainload &lt;- function(f) apply(abs(unclass(f$loadings)), 1, max)\nround(cbind(true       = rowSums(L),\n            pearson    = mainload(efa_p),\n            polychoric = mainload(efa_c)), 2)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code> <code>  true pearson polychoric\nQ1 0.80    0.77       0.85\nQ2 0.75    0.73       0.78\nQ3 0.70    0.67       0.75\nQ4 0.65    0.56       0.62\nQ5 0.80    0.68       0.74\nQ6 0.70    0.67       0.76\nQ7 0.65    0.55       0.60\nQ8 0.60    0.51       0.60<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3069\u3061\u3089\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3082\u3001Q1\u301cQ4\u304c1\u3064\u306e\u56e0\u5b50\u306b\u3001Q5\u301cQ8\u304c\u3082\u30461\u3064\u306e\u56e0\u5b50\u306b\u307e\u3068\u307e\u308a\u3001\u56e0\u5b50\u306e\u300c\u5f62\u300d\u306f\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u518d\u73fe\u3055\u308c\u305f\uff08\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u65b9\u306e\u56e0\u5b50\u3078\u306e\u8ca0\u8377\u91cf\u306f\u3001\u3069\u3061\u3089\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3082\u3059\u3079\u3066\u7d76\u5bfe\u50240.11\u672a\u6e80\u3060\u3063\u305f\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9055\u3044\u304c\u51fa\u305f\u306e\u306f\u3001\u8ca0\u8377\u91cf\u306e\u5927\u304d\u3055\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30028\u9805\u76ee\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u8ca0\u8377\u91cf\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u306f\u3001\u771f\u306e\u50240.71\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u3067\u306f0.64\u3001\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u3067\u306f0.71\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u3067\u306f8\u9805\u76ee\u3059\u3079\u3066\u3067\u771f\u306e\u5024\u3088\u308a\u5c0f\u3055\u304f\u3001Q5\uff080.80 \u2192 0.68\uff09\u3084Q8\uff080.60 \u2192 0.51\uff09\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u30010.1\u524d\u5f8c\u5c0f\u3055\u304f\u306a\u308b\u9805\u76ee\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5192\u982d\u306e\u82e5\u624b\u533b\u5e2b\u304c\u611f\u3058\u305f\u300c\u8ca0\u8377\u91cf\u304c\u601d\u3063\u305f\u3088\u308a\u4f4e\u3044\u300d\u306e\u6b63\u4f53\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u306f\u771f\u306e\u5024\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3001Q1\uff080.85\uff09\u3084Q6\uff080.76\uff09\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u771f\u306e\u5024\u3088\u308a\u5927\u304d\u304f\u51fa\u305f\u9805\u76ee\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3082\u63a8\u5b9a\u306e\u3070\u3089\u3064\u304d\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3001\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u3092\u4f7f\u3048\u3070\u500b\u3005\u306e\u5024\u304c\u5fc5\u305a\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u306a\u304a\u3001\u56e0\u5b50\u9593\u76f8\u95a2\uff08\u771f\u306e\u50240.5\uff09\u306f\u3001\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u30670.39\u3001\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u30670.41\u3068\u3001\u3069\u3061\u3089\u3082\u5c0f\u3055\u3081\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u7591\u4f3c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf1\u56de\u5206\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u63a8\u5b9a\u306e\u3070\u3089\u3064\u304d\u3092\u542b\u3080\u70b9\u306b\u6ce8\u610f\u3057\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 6\uff1a\u78ba\u8a8d\u7684\u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u6790\uff08CFA\uff09\u3092\u6bd4\u3079\u308b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6700\u5f8c\u306b\u3001<code>lavaan<\/code> \u30672\u56e0\u5b50\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306eCFA\u3092\u884c\u3046\u30020\u301c3\u70b9\u3092\u9023\u7d9a\u91cf\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u3046\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u30ed\u30d0\u30b9\u30c8\u6700\u5c24\u6cd5\u3001MLR\uff09\u3068\u3001\u9806\u5e8f\u5909\u6570\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u3046\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08WLSMV\uff09\u3092\u6bd4\u3079\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>model &lt;- '\n  Mood    =~ Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4\n  Somatic =~ Q5 + Q6 + Q7 + Q8\n'\n\n# \u9023\u7d9a\u91cf\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u3046\uff08\u30ed\u30d0\u30b9\u30c8\u6700\u5c24\u6cd5\uff09\nfit_ml  &lt;- cfa(model, data = dat, estimator = \"MLR\", std.lv = TRUE)\n\n# \u9806\u5e8f\u5909\u6570\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u3046\uff08ordered \u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u65e2\u5b9a\u3067 WLSMV \u63a8\u5b9a\u306b\u306a\u308b\uff09\nfit_cat &lt;- cfa(model, data = dat, ordered = names(dat), std.lv = TRUE)\n\n# \u9069\u5408\u5ea6\nfitMeasures(fit_ml,  c(\"chisq.scaled\", \"df\", \"pvalue.scaled\",\n                       \"cfi.robust\", \"tli.robust\", \"rmsea.robust\", \"srmr\"))\nfitMeasures(fit_cat, c(\"chisq.scaled\", \"df\", \"pvalue.scaled\",\n                       \"cfi.scaled\", \"tli.scaled\", \"rmsea.scaled\", \"srmr\"))\n\n# \u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u3057\u305f\u8ca0\u8377\u91cf\u3092\u3001\u771f\u306e\u5024\u3068\u4e26\u3079\u308b\nsl &lt;- function(f) {\n  s &lt;- standardizedSolution(f)\n  s &lt;- s&#91;s$op == \"=~\", ]\n  setNames(s$est.std, s$rhs)\n}\nround(cbind(true = rowSums(L), MLR = sl(fit_ml), WLSMV = sl(fit_cat)), 2)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>== MLR\uff08\u9023\u7d9a\u91cf\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u3046\uff09 ==\n chisq.scaled            df pvalue.scaled    cfi.robust    tli.robust \n       22.759        19.000         0.248         0.995         0.993 \n rmsea.robust          srmr \n        0.021         0.028 \n\n== WLSMV\uff08\u9806\u5e8f\u5909\u6570\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u3046\uff09 ==\n chisq.scaled            df pvalue.scaled    cfi.scaled    tli.scaled \n       27.049        19.000         0.104         0.994         0.991 \n rmsea.scaled          srmr \n        0.029         0.038 \n\n   true  MLR WLSMV\nQ1 0.80 0.74  0.79\nQ2 0.75 0.77  0.85\nQ3 0.70 0.65  0.72\nQ4 0.65 0.58  0.66\nQ5 0.80 0.71  0.81\nQ6 0.70 0.63  0.70\nQ7 0.65 0.56  0.63\nQ8 0.60 0.50  0.57<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9069\u5408\u5ea6\u306f\u3001\u3069\u3061\u3089\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3082\u826f\u597d\u3060\u3063\u305f\uff08MLR\uff1aCFI 0.995\u3001RMSEA 0.021\u3001SRMR 0.028\uff1bWLSMV\uff1aCFI 0.994\u3001RMSEA 0.029\u3001SRMR 0.038\uff09\u30022\u56e0\u5b50\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u304c\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u300c\u5f62\u300d\u306f\u3069\u3061\u3089\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3082\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3068\u77db\u76fe\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u306a\u304a\u3001\u63a8\u5b9a\u6cd5\u304c\u9055\u3046\u3068\u9069\u5408\u5ea6\u6307\u6a19\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u3082\u9055\u3046\u305f\u3081\u3001MLR\u3068WLSMV\u306e\u9069\u5408\u5ea6\u306e\u6570\u5024\u3092\u4e26\u3079\u3066\u300c\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304c\u826f\u3044\u304b\u300d\u3092\u6bd4\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u3057\u305f\u8ca0\u8377\u91cf\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u306f\u3001\u771f\u306e\u50240.71\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3001MLR\u3067\u306f0.64\u3001WLSMV\u3067\u306f0.72\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002MLR\u3067\u306f\u3001Q2\u3092\u9664\u304f7\u9805\u76ee\u3067\u771f\u306e\u5024\u3088\u308a\u5c0f\u3055\u304f\u63a8\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5192\u982d\u306e\u4f1a\u8a71\u306e\u3068\u304a\u308a\u3001<strong>\u9069\u5408\u5ea6\u304c\u826f\u597d\u3067\u3082\u3001\u8ca0\u8377\u91cf\u306e\u5927\u304d\u3055\u306f\u5c0f\u3055\u3081\u306b\u63a8\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3046\u308b<\/strong>\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002WLSMV\u3067\u3082\u3001Q2\uff080.75 \u2192 0.85\uff09\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u771f\u306e\u5024\u304b\u30890.1\u305a\u308c\u308b\u9805\u76ee\u306f\u3042\u308a\u3001\u63a8\u5b9a\u306e\u3070\u3089\u3064\u304d\u306f\u907f\u3051\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56e0\u5b50\u9593\u76f8\u95a2\uff08\u771f\u306e\u50240.5\uff09\u306f\u3001MLR\u30670.41\u3001WLSMV\u30670.44\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 7\uff1a\u56f33\u306e\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3\u7ae0\u306e\u56f33\u3068\u8868\u3092\u4f5c\u3063\u305f\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u771f\u306e\u76f8\u95a20.5\u306e2\u5909\u91cf\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u304b\u3089500\u4eba\u5206\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u4f5c\u308a\u3001\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u6570\u3068\u504f\u308a\u3092\u5909\u3048\u3066\u533a\u5207\u308b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4f5c\u696d\u3092200\u56de\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\u6570\u5341\u79d2\u301c\u6570\u5206\u304b\u304b\u308b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>set.seed(123)\nsim_one &lt;- function(k, skew, rho = 0.5, n = 500) {\n  # k \u6bb5\u968e\u306b\u533a\u5207\u308b\u95be\u5024\uff08\u504f\u308a\u3042\u308a\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u91cd\u75c7\u5074\u306b 1 \u305a\u3089\u3059\uff09\n  th &lt;- qnorm((1:(k - 1)) \/ k) + if (skew) 1 else 0\n  z &lt;- MASS::mvrnorm(n, c(0, 0), matrix(c(1, rho, rho, 1), 2))\n  x &lt;- findInterval(z&#91;, 1], th)\n  y &lt;- findInterval(z&#91;, 2], th)\n  c(Pearson    = cor(x, y),\n    Spearman   = cor(x, y, method = \"spearman\"),\n    Polychoric = suppressWarnings(polychor(x, y)))\n}\n\nconds &lt;- expand.grid(k = c(2, 3, 5, 7), skew = c(FALSE, TRUE))\nres &lt;- t(sapply(seq_len(nrow(conds)), function(i)\n  rowMeans(replicate(200, sim_one(conds$k&#91;i], conds$skew&#91;i])))))\nres &lt;- cbind(conds, round(res, 3))\nres\n\npar(mfrow = c(1, 2))\nfor (sk in c(FALSE, TRUE)) {\n  r &lt;- res&#91;res$skew == sk, ]\n  matplot(r$k, r&#91;, c(\"Pearson\", \"Spearman\", \"Polychoric\")], type = \"b\",\n          pch = c(16, 17, 15), lty = 1, col = c(\"#d1495b\", \"#edae49\", \"#00798c\"),\n          ylim = c(0.25, 0.55), xaxt = \"n\",\n          xlab = \"Number of categories\", ylab = \"Mean estimated correlation\",\n          main = if (sk) \"Skewed responses\" else \"Symmetric responses\")\n  axis(1, at = c(2, 3, 5, 7))\n  abline(h = 0.5, lty = 2)\n  legend(\"bottomright\", c(\"Pearson\", \"Spearman\", \"Polychoric\", \"True value (0.5)\"),\n         col = c(\"#d1495b\", \"#edae49\", \"#00798c\", \"black\"),\n         pch = c(16, 17, 15, NA), lty = c(1, 1, 1, 2), bty = \"n\")\n}\npar(mfrow = c(1, 1))<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"632\" height=\"481\" src=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/image-10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5071\" srcset=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/image-10.png 632w, https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/image-10-300x228.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 632px) 100vw, 632px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. \u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u82f1\u6587\u30c6\u30f3\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306f\u8a18\u8ff0\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002Results\u306e\u6570\u5024\u306f<strong>\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u306e\u7591\u4f3c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u89e3\u6790\u7d50\u679c<\/strong>\uff086\u7ae0\u306e\u51fa\u529b\uff09\u306b\u3082\u3068\u3065\u304f\u3082\u306e\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u89e3\u6790\u7d50\u679c\u306b\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3066\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Methods<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because the items were rated on a 4-point ordinal scale and their response distributions were skewed, we treated the item responses as ordinal variables. Polychoric correlations were estimated, assuming that each observed item response reflects an underlying normally distributed continuous latent variable. The number of factors was determined by parallel analysis based on the polychoric correlation matrix. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on the polychoric correlation matrix using the minimum residual method with oblimin rotation. The hypothesized two-factor structure was then examined (in practice, preferably in an independent sample or in the other half of a randomly split sample) by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using the mean- and variance-adjusted weighted least squares (WLSMV) estimator, with all items specified as ordered categorical variables. Model fit was evaluated using the comparative fit index (CFI), the Tucker\u2013Lewis index (TLI), the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), and the standardized root mean square residual (SRMR). All analyses were conducted using the psych (version X.X.X) and lavaan (version X.X-X) packages in R (version X.X.X).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u8a33\uff09\u5404\u9805\u76ee\u306f4\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u9806\u5e8f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3067\u8a55\u4fa1\u3055\u308c\u3001\u56de\u7b54\u5206\u5e03\u306b\u504f\u308a\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3001\u9805\u76ee\u3078\u306e\u56de\u7b54\u3092\u9806\u5e8f\u5909\u6570\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u3063\u305f\u3002\u89b3\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5404\u9805\u76ee\u306e\u56de\u7b54\u306f\u3001\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u306b\u5f93\u3046\u9023\u7d9a\u7684\u306a\u6f5c\u5728\u5909\u6570\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u4eee\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u3092\u63a8\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u3002\u56e0\u5b50\u6570\u306f\u3001\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u884c\u5217\u306b\u3082\u3068\u3065\u304f\u5e73\u884c\u5206\u6790\u306b\u3088\u308a\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u3002\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u6790\uff08EFA\uff09\u306f\u3001\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u884c\u5217\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3001\u6700\u5c0f\u6b8b\u5dee\u6cd5\u3068\u30aa\u30d6\u30ea\u30df\u30f3\u56de\u8ee2\u306b\u3088\u308a\u884c\u3063\u305f\u3002\u7d9a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4eee\u8aac\u3068\u3057\u305f2\u56e0\u5b50\u69cb\u9020\u3092\uff08\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u7121\u4f5c\u70ba\u306b2\u5206\u5272\u3057\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u671b\u307e\u3057\u3044\uff09\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u9805\u76ee\u3092\u9806\u5e8f\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u5909\u6570\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u3046\u3048\u3067\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u30fb\u5206\u6563\u8abf\u6574\u91cd\u307f\u4ed8\u304d\u6700\u5c0f\u4e8c\u4e57\u6cd5\uff08WLSMV\uff09\u306b\u3088\u308b\u78ba\u8a8d\u7684\u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u6790\uff08CFA\uff09\u3067\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u9069\u5408\u5ea6\u306f\u3001\u6bd4\u8f03\u9069\u5408\u5ea6\u6307\u6a19\uff08CFI\uff09\u3001\u30bf\u30c3\u30ab\u30fc\u30fb\u30eb\u30a4\u30b9\u6307\u6a19\uff08TLI\uff09\u3001\u8fd1\u4f3c\u8aa4\u5dee\u4e8c\u4e57\u5e73\u5747\u5e73\u65b9\u6839\uff08RMSEA\uff09\u3001\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u6b8b\u5dee\u5e73\u65b9\u5e73\u5747\u5e73\u65b9\u6839\uff08SRMR\uff09\u3067\u8a55\u4fa1\u3057\u305f\u3002\u89e3\u6790\u306b\u306fR\uff08\u30d0\u30fc\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3X.X.X\uff09\u306epsych\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\uff08\u30d0\u30fc\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3X.X.X\uff09\u304a\u3088\u3073lavaan\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\uff08\u30d0\u30fc\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3X.X-X\uff09\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Results<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Parallel analysis based on the polychoric correlation matrix suggested a two-factor solution. In the EFA, items Q1\u2013Q4 loaded on the first factor (mood symptoms; loadings, 0.62\u20130.85) and items Q5\u2013Q8 loaded on the second factor (somatic symptoms; loadings, 0.60\u20130.76), with all cross-loadings below 0.11 in absolute value. The inter-factor correlation was 0.41. The CFA with the WLSMV estimator showed good fit of the two-factor model (scaled \u03c72 = 27.05, df = 19; CFI = 0.994; TLI = 0.991; RMSEA = 0.029; SRMR = 0.038). Standardized factor loadings ranged from 0.66 to 0.85 for the mood factor and from 0.57 to 0.81 for the somatic factor, and the correlation between the two factors was 0.44.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u8a33\uff09\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u884c\u5217\u306b\u3082\u3068\u3065\u304f\u5e73\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3067\u306f\u30012\u56e0\u5b50\u89e3\u304c\u793a\u5506\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002EFA\u3067\u306f\u3001Q1\u301cQ4\u304c\u7b2c1\u56e0\u5b50\uff08\u6c17\u5206\u306e\u75c7\u72b6\u3001\u8ca0\u8377\u91cf0.62\u301c0.85\uff09\u306b\u3001Q5\u301cQ8\u304c\u7b2c2\u56e0\u5b50\uff08\u8eab\u4f53\u306e\u75c7\u72b6\u3001\u8ca0\u8377\u91cf0.60\u301c0.76\uff09\u306b\u8ca0\u8377\u3057\u3001\u4ea4\u5dee\u8ca0\u8377\u91cf\u306f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u7d76\u5bfe\u50240.11\u672a\u6e80\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u56e0\u5b50\u9593\u76f8\u95a2\u306f0.41\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002WLSMV\u63a8\u5b9a\u306b\u3088\u308bCFA\u3067\u306f\u30012\u56e0\u5b50\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u826f\u597d\u306a\u9069\u5408\u304c\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\uff08\u30b9\u30b1\u30fc\u30eb\u8abf\u6574\u6e08\u307f \u03c7\u00b2 = 27.05\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u5ea619\u3001CFI = 0.994\u3001TLI = 0.991\u3001RMSEA = 0.029\u3001SRMR = 0.038\uff09\u3002\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u56e0\u5b50\u8ca0\u8377\u91cf\u306f\u3001\u6c17\u5206\u306e\u56e0\u5b50\u30670.66\u301c0.85\u3001\u8eab\u4f53\u306e\u56e0\u5b50\u30670.57\u301c0.81\u3067\u3042\u308a\u30012\u56e0\u5b50\u9593\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u306f0.44\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. \u307e\u3068\u3081<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>0\u301c3\u70b9\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u56de\u7b54\u306f\u3001\u88cf\u306b\u3042\u308b\u9023\u7d9a\u3057\u305f\u6f5c\u5728\u5909\u6570\u3092\u3001<strong>\u95be\u5024<\/strong>\u3067\u533a\u5207\u3063\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2<\/strong>\u306f\u30012\u3064\u306e\u6f5c\u5728\u5909\u6570\u304c2\u5909\u91cf\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u306b\u5f93\u3046\u3068\u4eee\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u63a8\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u3001<strong>\u6f5c\u5728\u5909\u6570\u3069\u3046\u3057\u306e\u76f8\u95a2<\/strong>\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u89b3\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u70b9\u6570\u3069\u3046\u3057\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6bb5\u968e\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u307b\u3069\u3001\u307e\u305f\u56de\u7b54\u304c\u504f\u308b\u307b\u3069\u3001\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\uff08\u30b9\u30d4\u30a2\u30de\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u3082\uff09\u306f\u5c0f\u3055\u304f\u51fa\u308b\uff08<strong>\u6e1b\u8870<\/strong>\uff09\u3002\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u6790\u3067\u306f<strong>\u8ca0\u8377\u91cf\u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u304f\u63a8\u5b9a<\/strong>\u3055\u308c\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3002\u9069\u5408\u5ea6\u304c\u826f\u597d\u3067\u3082\u3001\u3053\u306e\u554f\u984c\u306f\u8d77\u3053\u308a\u3046\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>5\u6bb5\u968e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3067\u56de\u7b54\u306e\u504f\u308a\u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u9023\u7d9a\u91cf\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u3063\u3066\u3082\u5927\u304d\u306a\u554f\u984c\u306f\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u30024\u6bb5\u968e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3084\u504f\u308a\u304c\u5f37\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306b\u3082\u3068\u3065\u304f\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u306f\u4e07\u80fd\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002<strong>\u6f5c\u5728\u5909\u6570\u306e\u6b63\u898f\u6027<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u7a7a\u30bb\u30eb<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u6b63\u5b9a\u5024\u3067\u306a\u3044\u76f8\u95a2\u884c\u5217<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba<\/strong>\u306b\u6ce8\u610f\u3057\u3001\u672c\u6765\u304c\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5909\u6570\u306b\u306f\u4f7f\u308f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9806\u5e8f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u306e\u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u6790\u306f\u3001\u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\u884c\u5217\u306b\u3082\u3068\u3065\u304f\u5e73\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3068EFA\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066<strong>WLSMV\u63a8\u5b9a\u306b\u3088\u308bCFA<\/strong>\u304c\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a\u6d41\u308c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u3042\u308b\u9805\u76ee\u3092\u3001\u76f8\u95a2\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u300c\u9805\u76ee\u3054\u3068\u306e\u56de\u7b54\u78ba\u7387\u306e\u66f2\u7dda\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001IRT\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u53cd\u5fdc\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u304c\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002IRT\u306e\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u306f<a href=\"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/entry\/item-response-theory-basics\/\">\u9805\u76ee\u53cd\u5fdc\u7406\u8ad6\uff08IRT\uff09\u306e\u57fa\u790e<\/a>\u3067\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e00\u62ec\u30b3\u30d4\u30da\u7528R\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30d7\u30c8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># ============================================\n# \u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2\uff1a\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2\u3068\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\u3068\u3001\u9806\u5e8f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u306e\u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u6790\n# ============================================\n# install.packages(c(\"psych\", \"polycor\", \"lavaan\", \"GPArotation\"))  # \u521d\u56de\u306e\u307f\nlibrary(psych)\nlibrary(polycor)\nlibrary(lavaan)\n\n# ---- Step 0\uff1a\u6982\u5ff5\u56f3\uff08\u56f31\u30fb\u56f32\uff09 ----\ntau &lt;- c(0.25, 1.00, 1.60)\nxx  &lt;- seq(-3.5, 3.5, length.out = 400)\ncols &lt;- c(\"#cfe3f3\", \"#9ec5e6\", \"#5e9fd1\", \"#2b6ca8\")\nbr &lt;- c(-Inf, tau, Inf)\npar(mfrow = c(1, 2))\nplot(xx, dnorm(xx), type = \"l\", lwd = 2, ylim = c(0, 0.46),\n     xlab = \"Latent symptom severity (X*)\", ylab = \"Density\",\n     main = \"Latent continuous variable\")\nfor (k in 1:4) {\n  s &lt;- xx &gt; br&#91;k] &amp; xx &lt;= br&#91;k + 1]\n  polygon(c(xx&#91;s]&#91;1], xx&#91;s], tail(xx&#91;s], 1)), c(0, dnorm(xx&#91;s]), 0),\n          col = cols&#91;k], border = NA)\n}\nlines(xx, dnorm(xx), lwd = 2)\nabline(v = tau, lty = 2)\ntext(tau, 0.44, labels = expression(tau&#91;1], tau&#91;2], tau&#91;3]), pos = 4)\ntext(c(-1.3, 0.62, 1.3, 2.3), 0.05, labels = 0:3, font = 2)\nbarplot(diff(pnorm(br)), names.arg = 0:3, col = cols, ylim = c(0, 0.7),\n        xlab = \"Observed response\", ylab = \"Proportion\",\n        main = \"Observed ordinal response\")\npar(mfrow = c(1, 1))\n\ng   &lt;- seq(-3, 3, length.out = 200)\nrho &lt;- 0.5\ndens &lt;- outer(g, g, function(x, y)\n  exp(-(x^2 - 2 * rho * x * y + y^2) \/ (2 * (1 - rho^2))) \/ (2 * pi * sqrt(1 - rho^2)))\ncontour(g, g, dens, drawlabels = FALSE, nlevels = 8, col = \"#2b6ca8\", lwd = 1.5,\n        xlab = \"Latent variable of item A (X*)\", ylab = \"Latent variable of item B (Y*)\",\n        main = expression(paste(\"Bivariate normal (\", rho, \" = 0.5) cut by thresholds\")))\nabline(v = tau, h = tau, lty = 2, col = \"grey30\")\nmid &lt;- c(-1.4, 0.62, 1.3, 2.3)\nfor (i in 1:4) for (j in 1:4) {\n  rect(mid&#91;i] - 0.25, mid&#91;j] - 0.11, mid&#91;i] + 0.25, mid&#91;j] + 0.11, col = \"white\", border = NA)\n  text(mid&#91;i], mid&#91;j], paste0(\"(\", i - 1, \",\", j - 1, \")\"), cex = 0.7, col = \"grey20\")\n}\nabline(v = tau, h = tau, lty = 2, col = \"grey30\")\n\n# ---- Step 1\uff1a\u7591\u4f3c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u751f\u6210 ----\nset.seed(2026)\nN &lt;- 500\nPhi &lt;- matrix(c(1, 0.5, 0.5, 1), 2)\nL &lt;- matrix(0, 8, 2)\nL&#91;1:4, 1] &lt;- c(0.80, 0.75, 0.70, 0.65)\nL&#91;5:8, 2] &lt;- c(0.80, 0.70, 0.65, 0.60)\nF &lt;- MASS::mvrnorm(N, mu = c(0, 0), Sigma = Phi)\nE &lt;- matrix(rnorm(N * 8), N, 8) %*% diag(sqrt(1 - rowSums((L %*% Phi) * L)))\nYstar &lt;- F %*% t(L) + E\ndat &lt;- as.data.frame(apply(Ystar, 2, function(y) findInterval(y, tau)))\nnames(dat) &lt;- paste0(\"Q\", 1:8)\ntrue_R &lt;- L %*% Phi %*% t(L)\ndiag(true_R) &lt;- 1\nround(sapply(dat, function(x) prop.table(table(factor(x, 0:3)))), 2)\n\n# ---- Step 2\uff1a\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u76f8\u95a2 vs \u30dd\u30ea\u30b3\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u76f8\u95a2 ----\nr_pear &lt;- cor(dat)\npc     &lt;- polychoric(dat)\nr_poly &lt;- pc$rho\npc$tau\nlow &lt;- lower.tri(true_R)\nround(c(true = mean(true_R&#91;low]), pearson = mean(r_pear&#91;low]),\n        polychoric = mean(r_poly&#91;low])), 3)\nround(c(pearson = mean(r_pear&#91;low] \/ true_R&#91;low]),\n        polychoric = mean(r_poly&#91;low] \/ true_R&#91;low])), 3)\n\n# ---- Step 3\uff1a1\u7d44\u306e\u9805\u76ee\u3067\u8a73\u3057\u304f ----\ntable(Q1 = dat$Q1, Q2 = dat$Q2)\npolychor(dat$Q1, dat$Q2, std.err = TRUE)\ntrue_R&#91;1, 2]\ncor(dat$Q1, dat$Q2)\ncor(dat$Q1, dat$Q2, method = \"spearman\")\n\n# ---- Step 4\uff1a\u5e73\u884c\u5206\u6790 ----\nfa.parallel(dat, cor = \"cor\",  fa = \"fa\", main = \"Parallel analysis (Pearson)\")\nfa.parallel(dat, cor = \"poly\", fa = \"fa\", main = \"Parallel analysis (Polychoric)\")\n\n# ---- Step 5\uff1a\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u6790 ----\nefa_p &lt;- fa(dat, nfactors = 2, cor = \"cor\",  rotate = \"oblimin\", fm = \"minres\")\nefa_c &lt;- fa(dat, nfactors = 2, cor = \"poly\", rotate = \"oblimin\", fm = \"minres\")\nprint(efa_c$loadings, cutoff = 0)\nround(efa_c$Phi, 2)\nmainload &lt;- function(f) apply(abs(unclass(f$loadings)), 1, max)\nround(cbind(true = rowSums(L), pearson = mainload(efa_p),\n            polychoric = mainload(efa_c)), 2)\n\n# ---- Step 6\uff1a\u78ba\u8a8d\u7684\u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u6790 ----\nmodel &lt;- '\n  Mood    =~ Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4\n  Somatic =~ Q5 + Q6 + Q7 + Q8\n'\nfit_ml  &lt;- cfa(model, data = dat, estimator = \"MLR\", std.lv = TRUE)\nfit_cat &lt;- cfa(model, data = dat, ordered = names(dat), std.lv = TRUE)\nfitMeasures(fit_ml,  c(\"chisq.scaled\", \"df\", \"pvalue.scaled\",\n                       \"cfi.robust\", \"tli.robust\", \"rmsea.robust\", \"srmr\"))\nfitMeasures(fit_cat, c(\"chisq.scaled\", \"df\", \"pvalue.scaled\",\n                       \"cfi.scaled\", \"tli.scaled\", \"rmsea.scaled\", \"srmr\"))\nsl &lt;- function(f) {\n  s &lt;- standardizedSolution(f)\n  s &lt;- s&#91;s$op == \"=~\", ]\n  setNames(s$est.std, s$rhs)\n}\nround(cbind(true = rowSums(L), MLR = sl(fit_ml), WLSMV = sl(fit_cat)), 2)\n\n# ---- Step 7\uff1a\u56f33\u306e\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3 ----\nset.seed(123)\nsim_one &lt;- function(k, skew, rho = 0.5, n = 500) {\n  th &lt;- qnorm((1:(k - 1)) \/ k) + if (skew) 1 else 0\n  z &lt;- MASS::mvrnorm(n, c(0, 0), matrix(c(1, rho, rho, 1), 2))\n  x &lt;- findInterval(z&#91;, 1], th)\n  y &lt;- findInterval(z&#91;, 2], th)\n  c(Pearson    = cor(x, y),\n    Spearman   = cor(x, y, method = \"spearman\"),\n    Polychoric = suppressWarnings(polychor(x, y)))\n}\nconds &lt;- expand.grid(k = c(2, 3, 5, 7), skew = c(FALSE, TRUE))\nres &lt;- t(sapply(seq_len(nrow(conds)), function(i)\n  rowMeans(replicate(200, sim_one(conds$k&#91;i], conds$skew&#91;i])))))\nres &lt;- cbind(conds, round(res, 3))\nres\npar(mfrow = c(1, 2))\nfor (sk in c(FALSE, TRUE)) {\n  r &lt;- res&#91;res$skew == sk, ]\n  matplot(r$k, r&#91;, c(\"Pearson\", \"Spearman\", \"Polychoric\")], type = \"b\",\n          pch = c(16, 17, 15), lty = 1, col = c(\"#d1495b\", \"#edae49\", \"#00798c\"),\n          ylim = c(0.25, 0.55), xaxt = \"n\",\n          xlab = \"Number of categories\", ylab = \"Mean estimated correlation\",\n          main = if (sk) \"Skewed responses\" else \"Symmetric responses\")\n  axis(1, at = c(2, 3, 5, 7))\n  abline(h = 0.5, lty = 2)\n  legend(\"bottomright\", c(\"Pearson\", \"Spearman\", \"Polychoric\", \"True value (0.5)\"),\n         col = c(\"#d1495b\", \"#edae49\", \"#00798c\", \"black\"),\n         pch = c(16, 17, 15, NA), lty = c(1, 1, 1, 2), bty = \"n\")\n}\npar(mfrow = c(1, 1))<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Olsson U. Maximum likelihood estimation of the polychoric correlation coefficient. <em>Psychometrika<\/em>. 1979;44(4):443\u2013460. doi:10.1007\/BF02296207<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Flora DB, Curran PJ. An empirical evaluation of alternative methods of estimation for confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data. <em>Psychological Methods<\/em>. 2004;9(4):466\u2013491. doi:10.1037\/1082-989X.9.4.466<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Holgado-Tello FP, Chac\u00f3n-Moscoso S, Barbero-Garc\u00eda I, Vila-Abad E. Polychoric versus Pearson correlations in exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of ordinal variables. <em>Quality &amp; Quantity<\/em>. 2010;44(1):153\u2013166. doi:10.1007\/s11135-008-9190-y<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kiwanuka F, Kopra J, Sak-Dankosky N, Nanyonga RC, Kvist T. Polychoric correlation with ordinal data in nursing research. <em>Nursing Research<\/em>. 2022;71(6):469\u2013476. doi:10.1097\/NNR.0000000000000614<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rhemtulla M, Brosseau-Liard P\u00c9, Savalei V. When can categorical variables be treated as continuous? A comparison of robust continuous and categorical SEM estimation methods under suboptimal conditions. <em>Psychological Methods<\/em>. 2012;17(3):354\u2013373. doi:10.1037\/a0029315<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Norman G. Likert scales, levels of measurement and the &#8220;laws&#8221; of statistics. <em>Advances in Health Sciences Education<\/em>. 2010;15(5):625\u2013632. doi:10.1007\/s10459-010-9222-y<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zumbo BD, Gadermann AM, Zeisser C. Ordinal versions of coefficients alpha and theta for Likert rating scales. <em>Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods<\/em>. 2007;6(1):21\u201329. doi:10.22237\/jmasm\/1177992180<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chalmers RP. On misconceptions and the limited usefulness of ordinal alpha. <em>Educational and Psychological Measurement<\/em>. 2018;78(6):1056\u20131071.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zumbo BD, Kroc E. A measurement is a choice and Stevens&#8217; scales of measurement do not help make it: a response to Chalmers. <em>Educational and Psychological Measurement<\/em>. 2019. doi:10.1177\/0013164419844305<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Takane Y, de Leeuw J. On the relationship between item response theory and factor analysis of discretized variables. <em>Psychometrika<\/em>. 1987;52(3):393\u2013408. doi:10.1007\/BF02294363<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pearson K. Mathematical contributions to the theory of evolution. VII. On the correlation of characters not quantitatively measurable. <em>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A<\/em>. 1900;195:1\u201347. doi:10.1098\/rsta.1900.0022<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Likert R. A technique for the measurement of attitudes. <em>Archives of Psychology<\/em>. 1932;22(140):1\u201355.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ferguson LW. 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