{"id":554,"date":"2018-07-01T19:47:32","date_gmt":"2018-07-01T10:47:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/entry\/what-is-t-distribution-what-relation-to-t-test\/"},"modified":"2024-10-14T10:46:14","modified_gmt":"2024-10-14T01:46:14","slug":"what-is-t-distribution-what-relation-to-t-test","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/best-biostatistics.com\/toukei-er\/entry\/what-is-t-distribution-what-relation-to-t-test\/","title":{"rendered":"t \u5206\u5e03 \u3068 t \u691c\u5b9a\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

t\u5206\u5e03\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u304b\uff1ft\u691c\u5b9a\u3068\u3069\u3046\u95a2\u4fc2\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304b\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

t\u5206\u5e03\u3068\u306f\u3044\u3063\u305f\u3044\u4f55\u306a\u306e\u304b\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

t\u691c\u5b9a\u3068\u306f\u3088\u304f\u805e\u304f\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3068t\u5206\u5e03\u306f\u95a2\u4fc2\u3042\u308b\u306e\u304b\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

t\u5206\u5e03\u306f\u8981\u3059\u308b\u306b\u4f55\u306a\u306e\u304b\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b9f\u306f\u3001t\u5206\u5e03\u306f\u6a19\u6e96\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u306e\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3069\u3093\u306a\u3068\u304d\u306b\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f7f\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2\u3064\u6761\u4ef6\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. \u6bcd\u5206\u6563\u304c\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. \u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \u7d71\u8a08\u5b66\u306e\u6f14\u7fd2\u8ab2\u984c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6bcd\u5206\u6563\u304c\u308f\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u73fe\u5b9f\u7684\u306b\u306f\u308f\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u3086\u3048\u306b\u6bcd\u5206\u6563\u306f\u672a\u77e5\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u307b\u3046\u304c\u81ea\u7136\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u6a19\u6e96\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001p=0.975\u306e\u30af\u30a9\u30f3\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u304c1.96\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001t\u5206\u5e03\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u304c500\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3001p=0.975\u306e\u30af\u30a9\u30f3\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u304c1.96\u306b\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u3068\u304d\u306f\u30011.96 \u3088\u308a\u3082\u5927\u304d\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    ><\/span> qt<\/span>(<\/span>p=<\/span>0.975<\/span>,<\/span>df=<\/span>400<\/span>)<\/span>\n[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> 1.965912<\/span>\n><\/span> qt<\/span>(<\/span>p=<\/span>0.975<\/span>,<\/span>df=<\/span>500<\/span>)<\/span>\n[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> 1.96472<\/span>\n><\/span> qt<\/span>(<\/span>p=<\/span>0.975<\/span>,<\/span>df=<\/span>600<\/span>)<\/span>\n[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> 1.963926<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3069\u3093\u306a\u3068\u304d\u3082\u3001\u73fe\u5b9f\u306e\u7d71\u8a08\u5b66\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6a19\u6e96\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u3092\u4f7f\u3044\u305f\u3044\u5834\u9762\u3067\u306f\u3001t\u5206\u5e03\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u306e\u304c\u9069\u5207\u306a\u306e\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u30af\u30a9\u30f3\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u3053\u3061\u3089\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n
    \t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\u3042\u308f\u305b\u3066\u8aad\u307f\u305f\u3044<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t
    \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\tR \u3067\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u306e\u30d1\u30fc\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u5e73\u574770\u70b9\u3001\u6a19\u6e96\u504f\u5dee15\u70b9\u306e\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u5834\u5408\u300190\u70b9\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u5b66\u751f\u306f\u4e0a\u4f4d\u4f55\u30d1\u30fc\u30bb\u30f3\u30c8\u306b\u5f53\u305f\u308b\u304b\uff1f \u3068\u3044\u3046\u554f\u984c\u306b\u4f7f\u3046\u30d1\u30fc\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb percentile \u3068\u30af\u30a9\u30f3\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb quantile\u3002 \u305d\u308c\u305e…<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    t\u5206\u5e03\u306f\u3069\u3093\u306a\u5f62\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \u6a19\u6e96\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u3092\u306a\u3060\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3057\u305f\u5f62\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u5b9f\u7dda\u304c\u81ea\u7531\u5ea68\u306et\u5206\u5e03\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u70b9\u7dda\u304c\u6a19\u6e96\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u5404\u7fa45\u4f8b\u3067\u3001t\u691c\u5b9a\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u5ea68\u306et\u5206\u5e03\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    n1 <-<\/span> 5<\/span>\nn2 <-<\/span> 5<\/span>\ndf <-<\/span> n1+<\/span>n2-<\/span>2<\/span>\ncurve<\/span>(<\/span>dt<\/span>(<\/span>x,<\/span> df),<\/span> -<\/span>4<\/span>,<\/span> 4<\/span>,<\/span> las=<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> xlab=<\/span>\"t\"<\/span>)<\/span>\ncurve<\/span>(<\/span>dnorm<\/span>(<\/span>x),<\/span> -<\/span>4<\/span>,<\/span> 4<\/span>,<\/span> lty=<\/span>2<\/span>,<\/span> add=<\/span>T<\/span>)<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u307b\u307c\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u304c\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u691c\u5b9a\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001 t\u5206\u5e03\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u307b\u3046\u304c\u3088\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \uff1e\uff1e\u3082\u3046\u7d71\u8a08\u3067\u60a9\u3080\u306e\u306f\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u306b\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b\uff1f\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\"\"<\/a>\r\n
    \u21911\u4e07\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u533b\u7642\u5f93\u4e8b\u8005\u304c\u8cfc\u8aad\u4e2d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div>
    t\u691c\u5b9a\u3068t\u5206\u5e03\u306f\u3069\u3046\u95a2\u4fc2\u3059\u308b\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    t\u691c\u5b9a\u306f\u3001\u72ec\u7acb2\u7fa4\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u5024\u306e\u5dee\u306e\u691c\u5b9a\u3068\u3082\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    t\u691c\u5b9a\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5404\u7fa4\u306e\u6bcd\u5e73\u5747\u304c\u7b49\u3057\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5e30\u7121\u4eee\u8aac\u304b\u3089\u7269\u4e8b\u3092\u8003\u3048\u59cb\u3081\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u5927\u4e8b\u306a\u306e\u306f\u691c\u5b9a\u7d71\u8a08\u91cft\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    t\u306f\u3053\u3093\u306a\u5f0f\u3067\u8a08\u7b97\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    $$ t = \\frac{\\overline{x_1} – \\overline{x_2}}{\\sqrt{U_e \\left( \\frac{1}{n_1 – 1} + \\frac{1}{n_2 – 1} \\right)}} $$<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001$ \\overline{x_1} $ \u3068 $ \\overline{x_2} $ \u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u7fa4\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u5024\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    $ n_1 $ \u3068 $ n_2 $ \u306f\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u7fa4\u306e\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    $ U_e $ \u306f\u4e21\u7fa4\u3092\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u5206\u6563\u306e\u63a8\u5b9a\u5024\u3002\u8a08\u7b97\u5f0f\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    $$ U_e = \\frac{(n_1 – 1) U_1 + (n_2 – 1) U_2}{n_1 – 1 + n_2 – 1} $$<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    $ U_1 $ \u3068 $ U_2 $ \u306f\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u7fa4\u306e\u4e0d\u504f\u5206\u6563\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u5206\u5b50\u306f\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u5024\u306e\u5dee\u3001\u5206\u6bcd\u306f\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u5024\u306e\u5dee\u306e\u6a19\u6e96\u8aa4\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u8a00\u8449\u3067\u66f8\u3051\u3070\u3001<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    $$ t = \\frac{\u5e73\u5747\u5024\u306e\u5dee}{\u6a19\u6e96\u8aa4\u5dee} = \\frac{\u52b9\u679c}{\u30ce\u30a4\u30ba} $$<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u3068\u8a00\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u306e\u5c0f\u3055\u3055\u3084\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u3070\u3089\u3064\u304d\u306a\u3069\u3001\u52b9\u679c\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u300c\u30ce\u30a4\u30ba\u300d\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u3001\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u5927\u304d\u3044\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3067\u304d\u308c\u3070\u3001\u6bcd\u96c6\u56e3\u3067\u3082\u9055\u3044\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u51fa\u6765\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u7d50\u8ad6\u306f\u3001\u7d71\u8a08\u5b66\u7684\u6709\u610f\u306a\u5dee\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff08\u7d71\u8a08\u5b66\u7684\u6709\u610f\u5dee\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff09\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u7d71\u8a08\u5b66\u7684\u6709\u610f\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u95be\u5024\uff08\u3057\u304d\u3044\u3061\uff09\u306f\u3001\u7d76\u5bfe\u5024\u30672\u304f\u3089\u3044\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u7d71\u8a08\u5b66\u7684\u6709\u610f\u306e\u95be\u5024\u306e2\u304f\u3089\u3044\u3068\u306f\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \u691c\u5b9a\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6163\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30015%\u672a\u6e80\u3092\u307e\u308c\u306a\u3053\u3068\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    20\u56de\u306b1\u56de\u306f\u307e\u308c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u307e\u308c\u306b\u9593\u9055\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a31\u5bb9\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    5%\u672a\u6e80\u306e\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8d77\u304d\u305f\u3068\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u307e\u308c\u306a\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8d77\u304d\u305f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4eee\u8aac\u304c\u9593\u9055\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u5e30\u7121\u4eee\u8aac\u3092\u6368\u3066\u3066\u3001\u6bcd\u5e73\u5747\u306b\u5dee\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u7d50\u8ad6\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u3053\u306e5%\u3092\u3069\u3046\u3084\u3063\u3066\u5224\u65ad\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3068\u3001\u5148\u307b\u3069\u306e\u691c\u5b9a\u7d71\u8a08\u91cf\u3088\u308a\u7d76\u5bfe\u5024\u304c\u5927\u304d\u306a\u5024\u306b\u306a\u308b\u78ba\u7387\u304c5%\u672a\u6e80\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u3067\u5224\u65ad\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u7d76\u5bfe\u5024\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u306a\u308b\u6761\u4ef6\u306f3\u3064\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    1. \u5e73\u5747\u5024\u306e\u5dee\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. \u5404\u7fa4\u306e\u5206\u6563\u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. \u5404\u7fa4\u306e\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
      \u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u304c\u4e21\u7fa4\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066500\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u308b\u306a\u3089\u300197.5\u30d1\u30fc\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u30842.5\u30d1\u30fc\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u306e\u6642\u306e\u30af\u30a9\u30f3\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u306f\u00b11.96\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3068\u30012\u306b\u8fd1\u3065\u304d\u30012\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u304f\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      ><\/span> qt<\/span>(<\/span>p=<\/span>0.975<\/span>,<\/span> df=<\/span>100<\/span>)<\/span>\n[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> 1.983972<\/span>\n><\/span> qt<\/span>(<\/span>p=<\/span>0.975<\/span>,<\/span> df=<\/span>50<\/span>)<\/span>\n[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> 2.008559<\/span>\n><\/span> qt<\/span>(<\/span>p=<\/span>0.975<\/span>,<\/span> df=<\/span>20<\/span>)<\/span>\n[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> 2.085963<\/span>\n><\/span> qt<\/span>(<\/span>p=<\/span>0.975<\/span>,<\/span> df=<\/span>10<\/span>)<\/span>\n[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> 2.228139<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \u3053\u306e\u30af\u30a9\u30f3\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u95be\u5024\u3068\u547c\u3073\u30012\u304f\u3089\u3044\u3068\u8868\u73fe\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \u300c\u95be\u5024\u3088\u308a\u5927\u304d\u3044\u300d\u3092\u56f3\u306b\u8868\u3059\u3068\u3069\u3046\u306a\u308b\u304b\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      \u81ea\u7531\u5ea68\u306et\u5206\u5e03\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3001\u4e0a\u50742.5\uff05\u3001\u4e0b\u50742.5\uff05\u306e\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3092\u5857\u308a\u3064\u3076\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \u3053\u308c\u304c\u95be\u5024\u3088\u308a\u3082\u7d76\u5bfe\u5024\u3067\u5927\u304d\u3044\u3068\u304d\u306e\u78ba\u7387\u3092\u8868\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \u30d1\u30fc\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u3067\u3044\u3046\u3068\u3001\u4e0a\u5074\u306f97.5\u30d1\u30fc\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u3001\u4e0b\u5074\u306f2.5\u30d1\u30fc\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      n1 <-<\/span> 5<\/span>\nn2 <-<\/span> 5<\/span>\ndf <-<\/span> n1+<\/span>n2-<\/span>2<\/span>\ncurve<\/span>(<\/span>dt<\/span>(<\/span>x,<\/span> df),<\/span> -<\/span>4<\/span>,<\/span> 4<\/span>,<\/span> las=<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> xlab=<\/span>\"t\"<\/span>)<\/span>\narrows<\/span>(<\/span>qt<\/span>(<\/span>0.975<\/span>,<\/span>df),<\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span>qt<\/span>(<\/span>0.975<\/span>,<\/span>df),<\/span>dt<\/span>(<\/span>qt<\/span>(<\/span>0.975<\/span>,<\/span>df),<\/span>df),<\/span>0<\/span>)<\/span>\narrows<\/span>(<\/span>qt<\/span>(<\/span>0.025<\/span>,<\/span>df),<\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span>qt<\/span>(<\/span>0.025<\/span>,<\/span>df),<\/span>dt<\/span>(<\/span>qt<\/span>(<\/span>0.025<\/span>,<\/span>df),<\/span>df),<\/span>0<\/span>)<\/span>\nxvalu <-<\/span> seq<\/span>(<\/span>qt<\/span>(<\/span>0.975<\/span>,<\/span>df),<\/span>4<\/span>,<\/span>length=<\/span>20<\/span>)<\/span>\ndvalu <-<\/span> dt<\/span>(<\/span>xvalu,<\/span> df)<\/span>\npolygon<\/span>(<\/span>c<\/span>(<\/span>xvalu,<\/span> rev<\/span>(<\/span>xvalu)),<\/span> c<\/span>(<\/span>rep<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span>20<\/span>),<\/span> rev<\/span>(<\/span>dvalu)),<\/span>col=<\/span>\"skyblue\"<\/span>)<\/span>\nxvall <-<\/span> seq<\/span>(<\/span>-<\/span>4<\/span>,<\/span> qt<\/span>(<\/span>0.025<\/span>,<\/span>df),<\/span>length=<\/span>20<\/span>)<\/span>\ndvall <-<\/span> dt<\/span>(<\/span>xvall,<\/span> df)<\/span>\npolygon<\/span>(<\/span>c<\/span>(<\/span>xvall,<\/span> rev<\/span>(<\/span>xvall)),<\/span> c<\/span>(<\/span>rep<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span>20<\/span>),<\/span> rev<\/span>(<\/span>dvall)),<\/span>col=<\/span>\"skyblue\"<\/span>)<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \u5857\u308a\u3064\u3076\u3057\u305f\u56f3\u304c\u3053\u3061\u3089\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \u3053\u308c\u304cp\u5024\u304c0.05\u306e\u3068\u304d\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001p\u5024\u306f\u5272\u5408\uff1d\u78ba\u7387\uff1d\u9762\u7a4d\u306a\u306e\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
      <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \u3082\u3057t\u5024\u304c1.5\u3068\u8a08\u7b97\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3068\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \u3059\u308b\u3068t=1.5\u306f\u4e0a\u5074\u306e\u9752\u3044\u9762\u7a4d\u306b\u306f\u5165\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      arrows<\/span>(<\/span>1.5<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> 1.5<\/span>,<\/span> dt<\/span>(<\/span>1.5<\/span>,<\/span> df),<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
      <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \u3086\u3048\u306b\u7d71\u8a08\u5b66\u7684\u6709\u610f\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \u3061\u306a\u307f\u306b\u81ea\u7531\u5ea68\u3067t=1.5\u306e\u5834\u5408\u300191.4\u30d1\u30fc\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \u4e0a\u50748.6\u30d1\u30fc\u30bb\u30f3\u30c8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \u3053\u308c\u306f100\u304b\u308991.4\u3092\u5f15\u3044\u3066\u8a08\u7b97\u3057\u3066\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \u4e21\u5074\u691c\u5b9a\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u30012\u500d\u306e0.172<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \u3053\u308c\u304cp\u5024\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      ><\/span> pt<\/span>(<\/span>1.5<\/span>,<\/span> df=<\/span>8<\/span>)<\/span>\n[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> 0.9139984<\/span>\n><\/span> 1<\/span>-<\/span>pt<\/span>(<\/span>1.5<\/span>,<\/span> df=<\/span>8<\/span>)<\/span>\n[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> 0.08600165<\/span>\n><\/span> (<\/span>1<\/span>-<\/span>pt<\/span>(<\/span>1.5<\/span>,<\/span> df=<\/span>8<\/span>))<\/span>*<\/span>2<\/span>\n[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> 0.1720033<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      R \u3067 t \u5206\u5e03\u3092\u305a\u3089\u3057\u3066\u4e00\u5ea6\u306b\u8868\u793a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      \u5e30\u7121\u4eee\u8aac\u306e\uff54\u5206\u5e03\u3068\u5bfe\u7acb\u4eee\u8aac\u306e\uff54\u5206\u5e03\u306e\u8aac\u660e\u306e\u6642\u306b\u3001\uff54\u5206\u5e03\u3092\u305a\u3089\u3057\u30662\u3064\u4e26\u3079\u3066\u8868\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \u305d\u3093\u306a\u3068\u304d\u306f\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u63cf\u753b\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u5e83\u3052\u3066\u3001\u4f8b\u3048\u3070-4\u304b\u30894\u3092-4\u304b\u30897\u306a\u3069\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u3092\u305a\u3089\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u30af\u30a9\u30f3\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u304b\u3089\u4f8b\u3048\u30703\u3092\u5f15\u3044\u3066x-3\u306a\u3069\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63cf\u753b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u30012\u3064\u306e\uff54\u5206\u5e03\u3092\u4e26\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      curve<\/span>(<\/span>dt<\/span>(<\/span>x,<\/span> 8<\/span>),<\/span> -<\/span>4<\/span>,<\/span> 7<\/span>,<\/span> las=<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> xlab=<\/span>\"t\"<\/span>)<\/span>\ncurve<\/span>(<\/span>dt<\/span>(<\/span>x-<\/span>3<\/span>,<\/span> 8<\/span>),<\/span> -<\/span>4<\/span>,<\/span> 7<\/span>,<\/span> lty=<\/span>2<\/span>,<\/span> add=<\/span>T<\/span>)<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \u81ea\u7531\u5ea68\u306et\u5206\u5e03\u3092\u30af\u30a9\u30f3\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb3\u3060\u3051\u305a\u3089\u3057\u30662\u3064\u4e26\u3079\u3066\u63cf\u753b\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
      <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \u307e\u3068\u3081<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      \uff54\u5206\u5e03\u306f\u3001\u6bcd\u5206\u6563\u304c\u308f\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3068\u304d\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u3068\u304d\u306e\u3001\u6a19\u6e96\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u306e\u4ee3\u66ff\u5206\u5e03\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \u72ec\u7acb2\u7fa4\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u5024\u306e\u5dee\u306e\u691c\u5b9a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3001t\u691c\u5b9a\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \u6a19\u6e96\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u3067\u95be\u5024\u3060\u3063\u305f1.96\u304b\u3089\u5c11\u3057\u5927\u304d\u3081\u30672\u304f\u3089\u3044\u3060\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u304b\u3089\u8a08\u7b97\u3055\u308c\u308b\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      t\u691c\u5b9a\u304b\u3089\u8a08\u7b97\u3055\u308c\u308bp\u5024\u306f\u3001\u3044\u307e\u3088\u308a\u3082\u3082\u3063\u3068\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306e\u78ba\u7387\u306e\u5408\u8a08\u3067\u3001\u56f3\u3067\u8868\u3059\u3068\u9762\u7a4d\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \u53c2\u8003\u66f8\u7c4d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      \"The<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
      <\/div>\n\n\n\n
      \n
      The R Tips \u7b2c3\u7248: \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u89e3\u6790\u74b0\u5883R\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u6280\u30fb\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u6d3b\u7528\u96c6<\/a><\/p>\n